TED2010
Adora Svitak: What adults can learn from kids
Adora Svitak: O'smirlar yosh bolalardan nimani o'rgana oladi
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Iste'dodli bola Adora Svitak aytishicha dunyo "bolalarcha" o'ylashi kerak: jasur fikrlar, yovvoyi ijodkorlik va ayniqsa optimizm. Yosh bolalarning katta orzulari yuksak intilishlarga loyiq, deydi u, bu kattalarning yosh bolalardan o'rganishni xohlashlaridan boshlab toki ularga o'ragtishiga qadardir.
Adora Svitak - Child prodigy
A prolific short story writer and blogger since age seven, Adora Svitak (now 12) speaks around the United States to adults and children as an advocate for literacy. Full bio
A prolific short story writer and blogger since age seven, Adora Svitak (now 12) speaks around the United States to adults and children as an advocate for literacy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Now, I want to start with a question:
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Endi, men savol bilan boshlamoqchiman:
00:17
When was the last time you were called childish?
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Qachon oxirgi marta sizni bola deb atashgan?
00:20
For kids like me,
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Menga o'hshagan bolalar uchun,
00:22
being called childish can be a frequent occurrence.
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bola deb atalish odatiy holat.
00:25
Every time we make irrational demands,
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Har safar, bizlar aqlsiz talablar talab qilamiz,
00:28
exhibit irresponsible behavior
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ma'suliyatsiz hulq namoyon qilamiz,
00:30
or display any other signs
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yoki odatiy Amerika fuqarosi bo'lganligimiz uchun
00:32
of being normal American citizens,
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boshqa har hil ishoralarni namoyon qilamiz,
00:34
we are called childish.
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bizni bolalarcha harakat qiladi deb atashadi,
00:36
Which really bothers me.
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bu esa meni juda ham asabiylashtiradi.
00:38
After all, take a look at these events:
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Hullas, mana bu voqealarga e'tibor bering:
00:40
Imperialism and colonization,
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Imperializm va mustamlakachilik,
00:43
world wars, George W. Bush.
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jahon urushlari, Jorj W. Bush.
00:46
Ask yourself, who's responsible? Adults.
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O'zingizdan so'rang: Kim javobgar? O'smirlar.
00:49
Now, what have kids done?
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Ho'sh, yosh bolalar nima ishlar bajardi?
00:52
Well, Anne Frank touched millions
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Anna Frank genotsid haqidagi o'zining ta'sirchan ma'lumotlari bilan
00:54
with her powerful account of the Holocaust,
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millionlab insonlarning qalbiga yetib borgan,
00:57
Ruby Bridges helped to end segregation in the United States,
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Ruby Bridjs Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridagi insonlarni ajratishni tugatishga yordam berdi,
01:00
and, most recently,
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va juda yaqin paytlarda,
01:02
Charlie Simpson helped to raise
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Charlie Simpson kichkina velosipedida
01:04
120,000 pounds for Haiti
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Gaiti uchun 120,000 funt
01:06
on his little bike.
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to'plashga yordam berdi.
01:08
So, as you can see evidenced by such examples,
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Shunday qilib, shu voqealardan ko'rib turganingizdek,
01:11
age has absolutely nothing to do with it.
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bunday ishlarni bajarish uchun yoshning hech ham ahamiyati yo'q.
01:14
The traits the word childish addresses
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Bolalarcha degan so'z anglatadigan hususiyatlar
01:16
are seen so often in adults
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ko'pincha o'smirlarda ko'rinadi.
01:18
that we should abolish this age-discriminatory word
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Shu sababli biz yoshga qarab insonlarni ajratadigan so'zlarni ishlatmasligimiz kerak.
01:20
when it comes to criticizing behavior
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Ayniqsa, ma'suliyatsizlik va aqlsiz fikrlashga aloqador
01:22
associated with irresponsibility and irrational thinking.
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hulqni tanqid qilishda yosh bo'yicha insonlarni ajratmasligimiz kerak.
01:25
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
01:31
Thank you.
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Rahmat sizlarga.
01:33
Then again, who's to say
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Yana, aqlsiz fikrlashning aniq bir turlari
01:35
that certain types of irrational thinking
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ayni dunyoga kerak emas
01:37
aren't exactly what the world needs?
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deb kim ayta oladi?
01:40
Maybe you've had grand plans before
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Balki, avvallari sizning yuksak rejalaringiz bo'lgandir,
01:42
but stopped yourself, thinking,
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lekin shunday o'ylab, o'zingizni to'xtatgandirsiz:
01:44
"That's impossible," or, "That costs too much,"
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Buning iloji yo'q yoki bu juda qimmatga tushadi,
01:46
or, "That won't benefit me."
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yoki buning menga foydasi yo'q.
01:48
For better or worse, we kids aren't hampered as much
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Yahshilikkami yoki yomonmi, biz yosh bolalar biror ishlarni
01:51
when it comes to thinking about reasons why not to do things.
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nima uchun bajarmaslik kerak deb o'ylshga kelganda, unchalik ko'p qiynalib o'ylamaymiz.
01:54
Kids can be full of inspiring aspirations
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Bolalar jo'shqin orzularga va
01:56
and hopeful thinking.
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umidga to'la fikrlarga boy bo'ladi.
01:58
Like my wish that no one went hungry
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Masalan, mening hech kim och qolmasligi haqidagi istagim,
02:00
or that everything were a free kind of utopia.
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yoki hamma narsa utopia kabi tekin bo'lshini o'ylaganim kabi.
02:03
How many of you still dream like that
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Sizlarning orangizda qancha odamlar hali ham shunday orzu qiladilar
02:05
and believe in the possibilities?
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va imkoniyatlarga ishonadilar?
02:08
Sometimes a knowledge of history
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Ba'zan, bilim tarixi
02:10
and the past failures of utopian ideals
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va utopia ideallarining o'tgan omadsizliklari
02:12
can be a burden
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o'rtiqcha yuk bo'lishi mumkin,
02:14
because you know that if everything were free,
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chunki bilasizki, agar hamma narsa tekin bo'lsa
02:16
then the food stocks would become depleted
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ovqat zahiralari tugab qolardi
02:18
and scarce and lead to chaos.
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va bu yetishmovchilik va tartibsizlikka olib kelardi.
02:20
On the other hand,
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Boshqa bir tomondan,
02:22
we kids still dream about perfection.
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biz yosh bolalar hali ham komillik haqida orzu qilamiz.
02:24
And that's a good thing because in order
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Bu yahshi hislat, chunki
02:26
to make anything a reality,
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biror narsani amalga oshirish uchun,
02:28
you have to dream about it first.
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avval, siz u haqida orzu qilishingiz kerak.
02:30
In many ways, our audacity to imagine
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Ko'p jihatdan, bizning fikrlashga bo'lgan jasurligimiz
02:33
helps push the boundaries of possibility.
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imkoniyatlarning chegaralarini engishga yordam beradi.
02:36
For instance, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington,
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Masalan, Tacoma, Washingtondagi Oyna Muzeyida
02:39
my home state -- yoohoo Washington!
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mani tug'ilib o'sgan shtatim - Washingtonda-
02:41
(Applause) --
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(Qarsaklar)
02:44
has a program called Kids Design Glass,
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Bolalar Oyna Dizayni degan dastur bor
02:46
and kids draw their own ideas for glass art.
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va bolalar oyna san'ati uchun o'zlarining fikrlarini bildiradilar.
02:48
Now, the resident artist said they got
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Endi, mahalliy san'atkor aytishicha ular shu dastur orqali
02:50
some of their best ideas through the program
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ba'zi juda yahshi g'oyalarni oldilar.
02:52
because kids don't think about the limitations
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Chunki bolalar oynani mahsus shaklga keltirish
02:54
of how hard it can be to blow glass into certain shapes;
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qanday qiyinligi haqidagi qiyinchiliklarni o'ylamaydi.
02:56
they just think of good ideas.
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Ular yahshi g'oyalarni o'ylaydi.
02:58
Now, when you think of glass, you might
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Ho'sh, siz oyna haqida o'ylaganingizda,
03:00
think of colorful Chihuly designs
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siz rangba rang Chihuly dizaynlari
03:03
or maybe Italian vases,
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yoki Italiya vazalari haqida o'ylarsiz.
03:05
but kids challenge glass artists to go beyond that
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Lekin bolalar o'yna san'atkorlarini bundan ham yiroq bo'lgan
03:08
into the realm of broken-hearted snakes
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parchalangan yurakli ilonlar hayolotiga
03:10
and bacon boys, who you can see has meat vision.
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va cho'chqa go'sht bolalar, ya'ni go'shtli nazar bilan qaraydigan bolalar olamiga kirib ijodkorlik qilishga undaydi.
03:13
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
03:15
Now, our inherent wisdom
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Endi, bizning tug'ma aqlimiz
03:17
doesn't have to be insider's knowledge.
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ichki aql bo'lishi shart emas.
03:20
Kids already do a lot of learning from adults,
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Yosh bolalar o'smirlardan ko'p narsalarni o'rganadilar
03:23
and we have a lot to share.
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va bizning sizlarga aytadigan ko'p fikrlarimiz bor.
03:25
I think that adults should start learning from kids.
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Mani fikrimcha, o'smirlar yosh bolalardan o'rganishni boshlashlari kerak.
03:29
Now, I do most of my speaking in front of an education crowd,
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Hozir man ko'pincha ta'lim sohasidagi insonlarning oldida, o'qituvchi va talabalarning oldida
03:32
teachers and students, and I like this analogy:
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gapiraman va menga bu analogiya yoqadi.
03:34
It shouldn't just be a teacher at the head of the classroom
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O'quvchi va talabalarga u ishni bajar, bu ishni bajar deb aytib turuvchi
03:36
telling students, "Do this, do that."
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sinf rahbarligida faqatgina o'qituvchi bo'lishi kerak emas.
03:38
The students should teach their teachers.
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O'quvchilar o'qituvchilariga o'rgatish kerak.
03:41
Learning between grown ups and kids
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O'smirlar va yosh bolalarning o'rtasidagi o'rganish
03:43
should be reciprocal.
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o'zaro bo'lishi kerak.
03:45
The reality, unfortunately, is a little different,
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Afsuski, haqiqatda bu sal boshqacharoq
03:48
and it has a lot to do with trust, or a lack of it.
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va bu ishonch yoki ishonchning yo'qligiga juda ko'p bog'liqdir.
03:51
Now, if you don't trust someone, you place restrictions on them, right?
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Agar siz kimgadir ishonmasangiz, ularga nisbatan cheklashlar qo'yasiz. Tog'rimi?
03:54
If I doubt my older sister's ability
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Agar men opamga bergan qarzimga
03:56
to pay back the 10 percent interest
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qo'ygan 10 foiz qo'shimchasini
03:58
I established on her last loan,
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opamning to'lay olish qobiliyatiga shubhalansam,
04:00
I'm going to withhold her ability to get more money from me
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opam menga qarzini to'laguncha,
04:03
until she pays it back. (Laughter)
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unga men ko'proq pul qarzga berishni to'xtatib turaman. (Kulgi)
04:05
True story, by the way.
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Aytgancha, bu haqiqiy voqea.
04:07
Now, adults seem to have
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Hozirda, o'smirlar yosh bolalarga nisbatan
04:10
a prevalently restrictive attitude towards kids
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juda keng tarqalgan cheklangan munosabatda bo'lishi tuyulmoqda.
04:13
from every "don't do that,
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Ya'ni, maktab tartibi kitobidagi har bir "u ishni bajarma,"
04:15
don't do this" in the school handbook
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"bu ishni bajarma" kabilardan boshlab,
04:17
to restrictions on school Internet use.
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maktab internetidan foydalanishga qo'yilgan cheklashlar kabidir.
04:20
As history points out, regimes become oppressive
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Tarix ko'rsatishicha, hokimiyatlar boshqarishni saqlay olishlaridan qo'rqqanlarida
04:23
when they're fearful about keeping control.
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tazyiq o'tkazuvchi bo'ladilar.
04:25
And although adults may not be quite at the level
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O'smirlar juda ham totalitar tuzumdagi darajada
04:27
of totalitarian regimes,
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bo'lmasalar ham,
04:29
kids have no, or very little say in making the rules,
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yosh bolalar qoidalarni tuzishda umuman yoki juda oz hissalarini qo'shadilar.
04:32
when really the attitude should be reciprocal,
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Aslida, bu munosabat o'zaro bo'lishi kerak.
04:34
meaning that the adult population should learn
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Bu shuni anglatadiki, o'smirlar yoshlarning orzu va istaklarini
04:36
and take into account the wishes
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o'rganish va
04:38
of the younger population.
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e'tiborga olishlari kerak.
04:40
Now, what's even worse than restriction
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Cheklashlardan ham yomonrog'i
04:42
is that adults often underestimate kids abilities.
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o'smirlar yosh bolalarning qobiliyatlarini yetarlicha baholay olmaydilar.
04:45
We love challenges, but when expectations are low,
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Biz muammo, qiyin vazifalarni sevamiz, lekin bizga bo'lgan ishonch kam bo'lganda,
04:48
trust me, we will sink to them.
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ishoning menga, biz shularga cho'kib ketamiz.
04:51
My own parents had anything but low expectations
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Mening ota-onam opam va mening qobiliyatimga
04:54
for me and my sister.
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umuman ishonmasdi yoki juda kam ishonardi.
04:56
Okay, so they didn't tell us to become doctors
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Mayli, shunday qilib ular bizlarga shifokor,
04:59
or lawyers or anything like that,
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huquqshunos yoki shunga o'hshash kasb egasi bo'lishimizni aytmagan.
05:01
but my dad did read to us
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Lekin, dadam bizga Arastu
05:03
about Aristotle
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va mikroblarni eng avvalgi qiruvchilarni
05:05
and pioneer germ fighters
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o'qib berardi.
05:07
when lots of other kids were hearing
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Ayni shu paytda, ko'plab boshqa bolalar
05:09
"The Wheels on the Bus Go Round and Round."
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"Avtobus g'ildiraklari aylana aylana yuradi" hikoyalarini eshitardi.
05:11
Well, we heard that one too, but "Pioneer Germ Fighters" totally rules.
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Biz bu haqida ham eshitganmiz, lekin "mikroblarga qarshi eng avvalgi kurashuvchilar" butunlay zo'rdir.
05:14
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
05:16
I loved to write from the age of four,
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Men to'rt yoshligimdan boshlab yozishni sevardim,
05:18
and when I was six
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olti yoshga to'lganimda,
05:20
my mom bought me my own laptop equipped with Microsoft Word.
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oyim menga Microsoft Word o'rnatilgan shahsiy kompyuter-laptop sotib olib berdi.
05:23
Thank you Bill Gates and thank you Ma.
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Rahmat sizga Bill Gates va Rahmat Oyijon.
05:25
I wrote over 300 short stories
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Men shu kichkina laptop kompyuterda
05:27
on that little laptop,
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300 dan ko'p qisqa hikoyalar yozdim,
05:29
and I wanted to get published.
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men ularni nashrga berishni ham xohladim.
05:32
Instead of just scoffing at this heresy
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Bola nashriyotga berishni xohlagan
05:34
that a kid wanted to get published
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bu afsonani mazah qilishning o'rniga
05:36
or saying wait until you're older,
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katta bo'lguningcha kut, deb aytishningt o'rniga
05:38
my parents were really supportive.
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mening ota-onam juda ham bu fikrimni qo'llab quvvatlagan.
05:40
Many publishers were not quite so encouraging,
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Ko'p nashriyotchilar buni juda ham hush ko'rmagan.
05:44
one large children's publisher ironically saying
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Bolalarning bitta katta nashriyot matbaasi kinoya bilan
05:47
that they didn't work with children --
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ular yosh bolalar bilan ishlamasligini aytdi.
05:49
children's publisher not working with children?
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Bolalar nashriyot matbaasi bolalar bilan ishlamaydi?
05:52
I don't know, you're kind of alienating a large client there.
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Bilmadim, siz katta haridorni begonalashtiryapsiz.
05:55
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
05:57
Now, one publisher, Action Publishing,
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Bir nashriyotchi, badiiy syujet nashriyoti,
06:00
was willing to take that leap and trust me
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menga ishonib va shu vazifani olishni xohladi,
06:03
and to listen to what I had to say.
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shu bilan birga men aytmoqchi bo'lgan gaplarni ham tinglashni xohladi.
06:05
They published my first book, "Flying Fingers," -- you see it here --
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Ular mening birinchi kitobimni nashr qilishdi, "Uchar Barmoqlar," -- mana buni ko'rib turganingizdek,
06:08
and from there on, it's gone to speaking at hundreds of schools,
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shu yerdan boshlab, bu kitob yuzlab maktablarda nutq so'zladi,
06:12
keynoting to thousands of educators
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minglab o'qituvchilarga bu g'oyani yetkazdi,
06:14
and finally, today, speaking to you.
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nihoyatda, bugun bu kitob sizga gapiryapdi.
06:16
I appreciate your attention today,
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Bugun men sizning e'tiboringizga minnatdorchilik bildiraman.
06:18
because to show that you truly care,
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Chunki, haqiqatdan ham, siz diqqat bilan e'tibor beryapsiz,
06:20
you listen.
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tinglayapsiz.
06:22
But there's a problem with this rosy picture
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Lekin, yosh bolalarning o'smirlardan ancha yahshi bo'lishidagi
06:25
of kids being so much better than adults.
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tasavvurda bir muammo bor.
06:28
Kids grow up and become adults just like you.
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Yosh bolalar o'sadi va huddi sizlardek o'smir bo'ladi.
06:31
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
06:33
Or just like you? Really?
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Yoki huddi sizga o'hshaydi, shundaymi?
06:35
The goal is not to turn kids into your kind of adult,
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Maqsad bolalarni sizlarga o'hshagan o'smirlar qilib tayyorlash emas,
06:38
but rather better adults than you have been,
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balki sizlardan ham yahshiroq o'smirlar qilib tayyorlashdir.
06:41
which may be a little challenging
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Bu sizlarning malakanglarni, qobiliyatinglarni hisobga olganda,
06:43
considering your guys' credentials (Laughter).
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biroz murakkab bo'lishi mumkin.
06:45
But the way progress happens
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Ammo, rivojlanish sodir bo'lishining sababi shundaki,
06:47
is because new generations and new eras
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yangi avlod va yangi davrlar
06:50
grow and develop and become better than the previous ones.
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o'sadi, rivojlanadi va oldingilaridan yahshiroq bo'ladi.
06:53
It's the reason we're not in the Dark Ages anymore.
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Shu sababli bizlar bundan buyon Qorong'i Asrlarda emasmiz.
06:56
No matter your position or place in life,
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Hayotda egallagan o'rningizdan qati'y nazar,
06:59
it is imperative to create opportunities for children
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yosh bolalar uchun imkoniyatlar hozirlab berish juda zarurdir.
07:02
so that we can grow up to blow you away.
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Ana shunda bizlar sizlardan olg'a o'tish uchun ulg'ayamiz.
07:05
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
07:08
Adults and fellow TEDsters,
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O'smirlar va TED faollari,
07:10
you need to listen and learn from kids
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sizlar yosh bolalarni tinglab, ulardan o'rganishinglar kerak.
07:12
and trust us and expect more from us.
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Shu bilan birga bizga ishonib, bizdan ko'proq narsalarni kutishinglar kerak.
07:16
You must lend an ear today,
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Bizni bugun tinglashinglar shart,
07:18
because we are the leaders of tomorrow,
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chunki biz kelajakning rahbarlarimiz.
07:20
which means we're going to be taking care of you
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Bu shuni anglatadiki, sizlar keksalikka yetganinglarda,
07:22
when you're old and senile. No, just kidding.
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bizlar sizlarga g'amho'rlik qilmoqchimiz. Yo'q, shunchaki hazillashyapman.
07:25
No, really, we are going to be the next generation,
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Yo'q, haqiqatdan ham, biz bu dunyoni olg'a rivojlantiradigan
07:28
the ones who will bring this world forward.
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kelajak avlod bo'lmoqchimiz.
07:31
And in case you don't think that this really has meaning for you,
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Agar siz bu gaplarni mazmunli deb o'ylamasangiz,
07:34
remember that cloning is possible,
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esingizda bo'lsinki, klonlashtirish mumkin bo'lgan holatdir
07:36
and that involves going through childhood again,
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va bu bolalik davrida yana yashab o'tishdan iborat.
07:38
in which case you'll want to be heard
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Bunday holatda, huddi mening yoshimdagi avlod kabi
07:40
just like my generation.
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fikringizni eshittirishni xohlab qolasiz.
07:42
Now, the world needs opportunities
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Hozirda, dunyo yangi rahbarlar
07:45
for new leaders and new ideas.
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va yangi g'oyalarga muhtojdir.
07:48
Kids need opportunities to lead and succeed.
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Bolalarga rahbarlik imkoniytai va muvaffaqiyatga erishish imkoniyatlari zarurdir.
07:51
Are you ready to make the match?
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Siz shu holatni hozir qilishga tayyormisiz?
07:53
Because the world's problems
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Chunki dunyo muammolari
07:55
shouldn't be the human family's heirloom.
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insonlarning oilaviy merosi bo'lishi kerak emas.
07:58
Thank you.
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Rahmat sizlarga.
08:00
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
08:03
Thank you. Thank you.
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Rahmat sizlarga. Rahmat sizlarga.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adora Svitak - Child prodigyA prolific short story writer and blogger since age seven, Adora Svitak (now 12) speaks around the United States to adults and children as an advocate for literacy.
Why you should listen
A voracious reader from age three, Adora Svitak's first serious foray into writing -- at age five -- was limited only by her handwriting and spelling. (Her astonishing verbal abilities already matched that of young adults over twice her age.) As her official bio says, her breakthrough would soon come "in the form of a used Dell laptop her mother bought her." At age seven, she typed out over 250,000 words -- poetry, short stories, observations about the world -- in a single year.
Svitak has since fashioned her beyond-her-years wordsmithing into an inspiring campaign for literacy -- speaking across the country to both adults and kids. She is author of Flying Fingers, a book on learning.
Adora Svitak | Speaker | TED.com