TED2010
Adora Svitak: What adults can learn from kids
Adora Svitak: Kaj se lahko odrasli naučijo od otrok
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Čudežen otrok Adora Svitak pravi, da svet potrebuje "otročje" razmišljanje: drzne ideje, divjo ustvarjalnost in še posebej optimizem. Velike sanje otrok si zaslužijo visoka pričakovanja, pravi, začenši s pripravljenostjo odraslih, da se od otrok učijo v enaki meri, kot so jih pripravljeni učiti.
Adora Svitak - Child prodigy
A prolific short story writer and blogger since age seven, Adora Svitak (now 12) speaks around the United States to adults and children as an advocate for literacy. Full bio
A prolific short story writer and blogger since age seven, Adora Svitak (now 12) speaks around the United States to adults and children as an advocate for literacy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Now, I want to start with a question:
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Torej, želim začeti z vprašanjem:
00:17
When was the last time you were called childish?
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Kdaj so vam nazadnje rekli, da ste otročji?
00:20
For kids like me,
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Za otroke, kot sem jaz,
00:22
being called childish can be a frequent occurrence.
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je takšna oznaka lahko pogost pojav.
00:25
Every time we make irrational demands,
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Vsakič, ko imamo nerazumne zahteve,
00:28
exhibit irresponsible behavior
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se neodgovorno vedemo,
00:30
or display any other signs
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ali pokažemo kakšen drug znak,
00:32
of being normal American citizens,
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da smo normalni ameriški državljani,
00:34
we are called childish.
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nas označijo za otročje,
00:36
Which really bothers me.
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kar me resnično moti.
00:38
After all, take a look at these events:
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Navsezadnje, poglejte te dogodke:
00:40
Imperialism and colonization,
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imperializem in kolonizacija,
00:43
world wars, George W. Bush.
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svetovne vojne, George W. Bush.
00:46
Ask yourself, who's responsible? Adults.
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Vprašajte se: Kdo je odgovoren? Odrasli.
00:49
Now, what have kids done?
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Kaj so torej naredili otroci?
00:52
Well, Anne Frank touched millions
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No, Anne Frank je ganila milijone
00:54
with her powerful account of the Holocaust,
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s svojo mogočno pripovedjo o holokavstu,
00:57
Ruby Bridges helped to end segregation in the United States,
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Ruby Bridges je pomagala končati segregacijo v Združenih državah,
01:00
and, most recently,
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in pred kratkim je
01:02
Charlie Simpson helped to raise
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Charlie Simpson pomagal zbrati
01:04
120,000 pounds for Haiti
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120.000 funtov (140.000 €) za Haiti
01:06
on his little bike.
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na svojem malem kolesu.
01:08
So, as you can see evidenced by such examples,
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Torej, kot lahko vidite, takšna dejanja dokazujejo,
01:11
age has absolutely nothing to do with it.
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da leta nimajo popolnoma ničesar s tem.
01:14
The traits the word childish addresses
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Lastnosti, ki jih beseda otročje naslavlja,
01:16
are seen so often in adults
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se tako pogosto opazijo pri odraslih,
01:18
that we should abolish this age-discriminatory word
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da bi morali ukiniti to starostno-diskriminatorno besedo,
01:20
when it comes to criticizing behavior
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ko kritiziramo obnašanje
01:22
associated with irresponsibility and irrational thinking.
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povezano z neodgovornostjo
01:25
(Applause)
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in nerazumnim mišljenjem. (aplavz)
01:31
Thank you.
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Hvala.
01:33
Then again, who's to say
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Sploh pa, kdo pravi,
01:35
that certain types of irrational thinking
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da določene vrste nerazumnega mišljenja
01:37
aren't exactly what the world needs?
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niso ravno to, kar svet potrebuje?
01:40
Maybe you've had grand plans before
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Mogoče ste že imeli sijajne načrte,
01:42
but stopped yourself, thinking,
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a ste se ustavili, misleč:
01:44
"That's impossible," or, "That costs too much,"
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to je nemogoče, to preveč stane,
01:46
or, "That won't benefit me."
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ali pa, to mi ne bo koristilo.
01:48
For better or worse, we kids aren't hampered as much
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Ne glede na posledice nas, otrok, ne ovira tako zelo
01:51
when it comes to thinking about reasons why not to do things.
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razmišljanje o razlogih, zakaj česa ne narediti.
01:54
Kids can be full of inspiring aspirations
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Otroci so lahko polni zanosnih teženj
01:56
and hopeful thinking.
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in mišljenja, polnega upanja,
01:58
Like my wish that no one went hungry
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kot je moja želja, da nihče ne bi bil lačen,
02:00
or that everything were a free kind of utopia.
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ali utopija, kjer bi bilo vse zastonj.
02:03
How many of you still dream like that
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Koliko vas še vedno tako sanja
02:05
and believe in the possibilities?
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in verjame v možnosti?
02:08
Sometimes a knowledge of history
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Včasih je védenje o zgodovini
02:10
and the past failures of utopian ideals
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in preteklih neuspehih utopističnih
02:12
can be a burden
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idealov lahko breme,
02:14
because you know that if everything were free,
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ker veste, da če bi bilo vse zastonj,
02:16
then the food stocks would become depleted
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bi se zaloge hrane porabile
02:18
and scarce and lead to chaos.
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in postale redke, to pa bi vodilo v kaos.
02:20
On the other hand,
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Po drugi strani pa
02:22
we kids still dream about perfection.
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mi, otroci, še vedno sanjamo o popolnosti.
02:24
And that's a good thing because in order
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To je dobro; da bi
02:26
to make anything a reality,
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karkoli naredili za resnično,
02:28
you have to dream about it first.
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moramo o tem najprej sanjati.
02:30
In many ways, our audacity to imagine
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To, da si upamo predstavljati, na mnogo načinov
02:33
helps push the boundaries of possibility.
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pomaga premikati meje mogočega.
02:36
For instance, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington,
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Na primer, muzej stekla v Tacomi v Washingtonu,
02:39
my home state -- yoohoo Washington!
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moji državi -- juhu, Washington --
02:41
(Applause) --
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(aplavz)
02:44
has a program called Kids Design Glass,
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ima program, ki se mu reče "Otroci oblikujejo steklo"
02:46
and kids draw their own ideas for glass art.
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in otroci rišejo svoje zamisli za umetnine iz stekla.
02:48
Now, the resident artist said they got
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Umetnik, zaposlen v muzeju, je rekel, da so s programom
02:50
some of their best ideas through the program
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dobili nekaj najboljših idej,
02:52
because kids don't think about the limitations
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ker otroci ne razmišljajo o omejitvah,
02:54
of how hard it can be to blow glass into certain shapes;
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da je morda težko pihati steklo v določene oblike.
02:56
they just think of good ideas.
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Mislijo samo o dobrih idejah.
02:58
Now, when you think of glass, you might
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Če pomislite na steklo,
03:00
think of colorful Chihuly designs
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lahko pomislite na barvite izdelke Chihuly
03:03
or maybe Italian vases,
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ali mogoče na italijanske vaze,
03:05
but kids challenge glass artists to go beyond that
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vendar otroci izzovejo umetnike, da gredo dlje
03:08
into the realm of broken-hearted snakes
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v kraljestvo kač z zlomljenimi srci
03:10
and bacon boys, who you can see has meat vision.
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in fantov iz slanine, ki ima, kot lahko vidite,
03:13
(Laughter)
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mesno vizijo. (smeh)
03:15
Now, our inherent wisdom
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Naša prirojena modrost
03:17
doesn't have to be insider's knowledge.
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ne rabi biti interno znanje.
03:20
Kids already do a lot of learning from adults,
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Otroci se veliko naučimo od odraslih
03:23
and we have a lot to share.
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in veliko lahko delimo.
03:25
I think that adults should start learning from kids.
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Mislim, da bi se odrasli morali začeti učiti od otrok.
03:29
Now, I do most of my speaking in front of an education crowd,
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Večino govorov imam pred publiko iz izobraževalne sfere,
03:32
teachers and students, and I like this analogy:
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učitelji in učenci, in všeč mi je ta analogija.
03:34
It shouldn't just be a teacher at the head of the classroom
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Ne bi smel biti samo učitelj na čelu razreda
03:36
telling students, "Do this, do that."
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govoreč učencem, naredite to, naredite tisto.
03:38
The students should teach their teachers.
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Učenci bi morali učiti svoje učitelje.
03:41
Learning between grown ups and kids
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Učenje med odraslimi in otroci
03:43
should be reciprocal.
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bi moralo biti vzajemno.
03:45
The reality, unfortunately, is a little different,
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Resničnost je, žal, rahlo drugačna
03:48
and it has a lot to do with trust, or a lack of it.
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in ima veliko opraviti z zaupanjem, ali pomanjkanjem le-tega.
03:51
Now, if you don't trust someone, you place restrictions on them, right?
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Če nekomu ne zaupate, mu postavite omejitve, kajne?
03:54
If I doubt my older sister's ability
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Če dvomim v sposobnost sestre,
03:56
to pay back the 10 percent interest
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da mi vrne 10-odstotne obresti,
03:58
I established on her last loan,
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ki sem jih postavila na njeno zadnje posojilo,
04:00
I'm going to withhold her ability to get more money from me
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ji bom odrekla možnost, da dobi več denarja od mene,
04:03
until she pays it back. (Laughter)
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dokler ga ne vrne. (smeh)
04:05
True story, by the way.
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Mimogrede, to je resnična zgodba.
04:07
Now, adults seem to have
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Zdi se, da je med odraslimi
04:10
a prevalently restrictive attitude towards kids
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razširjen omejujoč odnos do otrok,
04:13
from every "don't do that,
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od vsakega "ne smeš tistega",
04:15
don't do this" in the school handbook
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"ne smeš tega" v šolskem učbeniku,
04:17
to restrictions on school Internet use.
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do omejitev glede uporabe interneta v šoli.
04:20
As history points out, regimes become oppressive
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Kot kaže zgodovina, režimi postanejo zatiralni,
04:23
when they're fearful about keeping control.
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ko se bojijo, da bodo izgubili nadzor.
04:25
And although adults may not be quite at the level
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Čeprav starši morda niso ravno na stopnji
04:27
of totalitarian regimes,
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totalitarnih režimov,
04:29
kids have no, or very little say in making the rules,
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otroci nimajo besede, ali pa je imajo zelo malo, pri postavljanju pravil,
04:32
when really the attitude should be reciprocal,
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v resnici pa bi moral biti odnos vzajemen,
04:34
meaning that the adult population should learn
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kar pomeni, da bi se odrasli morali učiti
04:36
and take into account the wishes
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in upoštevati želje
04:38
of the younger population.
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mlajše populacije.
04:40
Now, what's even worse than restriction
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Kar pa je še huje od omejevanja, je to,
04:42
is that adults often underestimate kids abilities.
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da odrasli pogosto podcenjujejo otrokove sposobnosti.
04:45
We love challenges, but when expectations are low,
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Radi imamo izzive, vendar ko so pričakovanja nizka,
04:48
trust me, we will sink to them.
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mi verjemite, da se bomo spustili do njih.
04:51
My own parents had anything but low expectations
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Moji starši resnično niso imeli nizkih pričakovanj
04:54
for me and my sister.
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glede moje sestre in mene.
04:56
Okay, so they didn't tell us to become doctors
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Ok, nista nama rekla, naj postaneva zdravnici
04:59
or lawyers or anything like that,
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ali odvetnici ali kaj podobnega,
05:01
but my dad did read to us
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ampak moj oče nama je bral
05:03
about Aristotle
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o Aristotlu
05:05
and pioneer germ fighters
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in o pionirjih boja z mikrobi,
05:07
when lots of other kids were hearing
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ko je veliko ostalih otrok poslušalo
05:09
"The Wheels on the Bus Go Round and Round."
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"Gosenica je lezla, visoko na drevo".
05:11
Well, we heard that one too, but "Pioneer Germ Fighters" totally rules.
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No, saj sva jo tudi midve slišali, vendar "Pionirski borci z mikrobi" so zakon.
05:14
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
05:16
I loved to write from the age of four,
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Rada sem pisala vse od svojega četrtega leta.
05:18
and when I was six
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Ko sem imela šest let,
05:20
my mom bought me my own laptop equipped with Microsoft Word.
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mi je mama kupila prenosni računalnik z nameščenim Microsoft Word.
05:23
Thank you Bill Gates and thank you Ma.
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Hvala, Bill Gates in hvala, mami.
05:25
I wrote over 300 short stories
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Napisala sem preko 300 kratkih zgodbic
05:27
on that little laptop,
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na tistem majhnem prenosniku
05:29
and I wanted to get published.
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in želela sem, da mi jih objavijo.
05:32
Instead of just scoffing at this heresy
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Namesto da bi se norčevala iz tega krivoverstva,
05:34
that a kid wanted to get published
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da je otrok hotel objaviti knjigo,
05:36
or saying wait until you're older,
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ali da bi mi rekla, naj počakam, da bom starejša,
05:38
my parents were really supportive.
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so me starši resnično podpirali.
05:40
Many publishers were not quite so encouraging,
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Veliko založnikov pa ni bilo tako vzpodbujajočih.
05:44
one large children's publisher ironically saying
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En velik otroški založnik je ironično rekel,
05:47
that they didn't work with children --
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da ne poslujejo z otroki.
05:49
children's publisher not working with children?
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Otroški založnik, ki ne posluje z otroki?
05:52
I don't know, you're kind of alienating a large client there.
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Ne vem, s tem nekako odbijaš pomembne stranke.
05:55
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
05:57
Now, one publisher, Action Publishing,
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No, en založnik, Action Publishing,
06:00
was willing to take that leap and trust me
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je bil pripravljen tvegati, mi zaupati
06:03
and to listen to what I had to say.
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in poslušati, kaj imam za povedati.
06:05
They published my first book, "Flying Fingers," -- you see it here --
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Izdali so mojo prvo knjigo, "Leteči prsti" -- tukaj jo lahko vidite --
06:08
and from there on, it's gone to speaking at hundreds of schools,
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in od takrat naprej sem govorila na stotinah šol,
06:12
keynoting to thousands of educators
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bila ključni govornik tisočim šolnikom,
06:14
and finally, today, speaking to you.
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in končno, danes, govorim vam.
06:16
I appreciate your attention today,
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Cenim vašo današnjo pozornost.
06:18
because to show that you truly care,
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Da bi pokazali, da vam je res mar,
06:20
you listen.
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me poslušate.
06:22
But there's a problem with this rosy picture
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Vendar je težava s to rožnato sliko, da so otroci
06:25
of kids being so much better than adults.
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toliko boljši od odraslih.
06:28
Kids grow up and become adults just like you.
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Otroci zrastejo in postanejo odrasli, tako kot vi.
06:31
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
06:33
Or just like you? Really?
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Ali resnično tako kot vi?
06:35
The goal is not to turn kids into your kind of adult,
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Cilj ni spremeniti otroke v odrasle, kot ste vi,
06:38
but rather better adults than you have been,
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ampak v boljše odrasle, kot ste bili vi,
06:41
which may be a little challenging
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kar je lahko rahlo zahtevno,
06:43
considering your guys' credentials (Laughter).
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glede na vaša priporočila,
06:45
But the way progress happens
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vendar se napredek udejanja na način,
06:47
is because new generations and new eras
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da nove generacije in nove dobe
06:50
grow and develop and become better than the previous ones.
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rastejo in se razvijajo in postanejo boljše od prejšnjih.
06:53
It's the reason we're not in the Dark Ages anymore.
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To je razlog, da nismo več v temnem veku.
06:56
No matter your position or place in life,
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Ne glede na vaš položaj v življenju,
06:59
it is imperative to create opportunities for children
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nujno je, da ustvarjate priložnosti za otroke,
07:02
so that we can grow up to blow you away.
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da lahko odrastemo in vas odpihnemo.
07:05
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
07:08
Adults and fellow TEDsters,
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Odrasli in kolegi TEDerji,
07:10
you need to listen and learn from kids
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otroke morate poslušati, se od nas učiti,
07:12
and trust us and expect more from us.
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zaupajte nam, od nas pričakujte več.
07:16
You must lend an ear today,
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"Prisluhnite nam danes,
07:18
because we are the leaders of tomorrow,
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kajti mi smo jutrišnji vodje",
07:20
which means we're going to be taking care of you
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kar pomeni, da bomo skrbeli za vas,
07:22
when you're old and senile. No, just kidding.
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ko boste stari in senilni. Ne, samo hecam se.
07:25
No, really, we are going to be the next generation,
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Ne, res, mi bomo naslednja generacija,
07:28
the ones who will bring this world forward.
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tisti, ki bomo peljali ta svet naprej.
07:31
And in case you don't think that this really has meaning for you,
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Če slučajno mislite, da to nima nobenega pomena za vas,
07:34
remember that cloning is possible,
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se spomnite, da je kloniranje mogoče
07:36
and that involves going through childhood again,
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in da to vključuje ponovni prehod skozi otroštvo,
07:38
in which case you'll want to be heard
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in v tem primeru boste tudi vi želeli biti slišani,
07:40
just like my generation.
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tako kot moja generacija.
07:42
Now, the world needs opportunities
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Svet potrebuje priložnosti
07:45
for new leaders and new ideas.
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za nove voditelje in nove ideje.
07:48
Kids need opportunities to lead and succeed.
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Otroci potrebujejo priložnosti, da vodijo in uspejo.
07:51
Are you ready to make the match?
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Ste pripravljeni narediti povezavo?
07:53
Because the world's problems
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Ker težave sveta
07:55
shouldn't be the human family's heirloom.
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ne bi smele biti dediščina človeštva.
07:58
Thank you.
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Hvala.
08:00
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
08:03
Thank you. Thank you.
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Hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adora Svitak - Child prodigyA prolific short story writer and blogger since age seven, Adora Svitak (now 12) speaks around the United States to adults and children as an advocate for literacy.
Why you should listen
A voracious reader from age three, Adora Svitak's first serious foray into writing -- at age five -- was limited only by her handwriting and spelling. (Her astonishing verbal abilities already matched that of young adults over twice her age.) As her official bio says, her breakthrough would soon come "in the form of a used Dell laptop her mother bought her." At age seven, she typed out over 250,000 words -- poetry, short stories, observations about the world -- in a single year.
Svitak has since fashioned her beyond-her-years wordsmithing into an inspiring campaign for literacy -- speaking across the country to both adults and kids. She is author of Flying Fingers, a book on learning.
Adora Svitak | Speaker | TED.com