Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Salman Khan: Enseñemos para comprender, no para los exámenes
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the two ideas that,
sobre las dos ideas que,
my observations at Khan Academy,
en la Khan Academy,
para el aprendizaje.
or the key leverage points for learning.
que trabajaba con mis primos.
working with my cousins.
las matemáticas, primero
with math at first,
acumuladas en su aprendizaje.
accumulated in their learning.
llegaron a una clase de álgebra
they got to an algebra class
inseguros en la preálgebra,
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
tenían el gen de las matemáticas.
they didn't have the math gene.
shaky on the algebra.
some of those videos on YouTube,
que los veían no eran mis primos.
who were not my cousins were watching.
were just simple thank-yous.
eran simples agradecimientos.
you all spend on YouTube.
no son "Gracias".
se pusieron un poco más intensos,
got a little more intense,
that they had grown up not liking math.
crecido odiando las matemáticas.
tomaban matemáticas más avanzadas.
into more advanced math topics.
no podían entenderla.
they couldn't engage with it.
el gen matemáticas.
have the math gene.
decidieron que iban a aprender.
and decided to engage.
esas lagunas y dominar los conceptos
and master those concepts,
that it wasn't fixed;
de aprender matemáticas.
of learning mathematics.
you would master a lot of things in life.
de dominar muchas cosas en la vida.
learn a martial art.
habilidades del cinturón blanco
practice the white belt skills
un instrumento musical:
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
una y otra vez,
no está estructurado de esa forma,
academic model is structured,
que la mayoría de nosotros crecimos.
that most of us grew up in.
por lo general, por edad,
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
pre-algebra class,
pre-álgebra de la secundaria
conferencia sobre exponentes,
a lecture on exponents,
hacemos una cierta tarea.
we'll review the homework,
revisamos la tarea,
conferencia, tarea.
lecture, homework.
two or three weeks,
por como dos o tres semanas,
lagunas en nuestro conocimiento,
gaps in our knowledge,
¿qué es el 5 % que no sabía?
the five percent they didn't know?
identificado las lagunas,
move on to the next subject,
que se cimienta sobre esas lagunas.
that's going to build on those gaps.
o exponentes negativos.
or negative exponents.
inmediatamente empiezas a ver
and you immediately start to realize
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
años hasta que en algún punto,
all the way until at some point,
o de trigonometría
or trigonometry class
fundamentalmente difícil
is fundamentally difficult
and they're dealing with exponents
una ecuación con exponentes
that I didn't know is showing up.
en nuestra vida de esa manera.
in our life that way.
contratista y le decimos,
construir los cimientos.
two weeks to build a foundation.
de construcción no lleguen.
the inspector comes, looks around,
llega, mira a su alrededor y dice:
is still wet right over there,
todavía húmedo justo allí,
Vamos a construir la primera planta".
Let's build the first floor."
el inspector llega y nos pone un 75%.
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
construyendo la tercera planta,
while you're building the third floor,
you typically have in education,
normal en la educación,
un contratista malo,
we had a bad contractor,
inspección o que sea más frecuente.
or more frequent inspection.
was the process.
está mal es el proceso.
tiempo necesitamos para algo,
how long we had to something,
and identifying those gaps,
inspeccionar e identificar las lagunas,
justo encima de ellas.
hace exactamente lo contrario.
is to do the exact opposite.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
el cómo y cuánto tiempo
to work on something,
comprender el material.
they actually master the material.
aprenda mejor los exponentes,
learn their exponents better,
correctos para pensar.
the right mindset muscles.
no comprenden un 20 %,
20 percent wrong on something,
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
seguir trabajando en ello.
keep working on it.
you should have perseverance;
decir, bueno, suena bien,
well, hey, this is all great,
aprendizaje basado en comprender
of mastery-based learning
over their learning.
pero parece poco práctico.
but it seems impractical.
estudiarían a su propio ritmo.
would be on their own track.
hojas de trabajo para cada estudiante.
and worksheets for every student.
Illinois, hace 100 años,
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
tuvieron buenos resultados,
and saw great results,
porque era logísticamente difícil.
because it was logistically difficult.
worksheets to every student,
material a cada estudiante,
at their own time and pace?
su propio ritmo y tiempo?
¿Necesitan retroalimentación?
readily available for students.
disponibles para los estudiantes.
muchas cosas interesantes suceden.
all sorts of neat things happen.
pueden dominar los conceptos,
master the concepts,
their growth mindset,
sobre su propio aprendizaje.
can start to happen
pueden empezar a suceder
on the lecture,
interactuar entre sí.
over the material.
más profundo.
diálogos socráticos.
Socratic dialogue.
un experimento mental.
of a thought experiment.
into the past to Western Europe,
400 años en Europa Occidental,
partes más alfabetizadas del planeta,
literate parts of the planet,
del 15 % de la población sabía leer.
of the population knew how to read.
who did know how to read,
pregunta a alguien que sabe leer,
creen que podrían llegar a leer?"
do you think is even capable of reading?"
sistema de educación,
with a great education system,
habría sido tremendamente pesimista,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
de la población es capaz de leer.
of the population is capable of reading.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
crees que es capaz
contra cáncer?"
to cancer research?"
with a great education system,
con un buen sistema de educación,
in a non-mastery framework,
en un marco de no comprensión,
la observación de sus compañeros,
or observing your peers,
ritmo a través de clases,
at this set pace through classes,
se llega a una clase avanzada,
you get to an advanced class,
un investigador contra el cáncer;
not meant to be a mathematician."
un marco de comprensión,
in a mastery framework,
la responsabilidad sobre su aprendizaje,
take agency over your learning,
como un momento de aprendizaje,
as a moment of learning --
realmente podría dominar el cálculo
that could really master calculus
the industrial age
llamamos la era industrial
de la información.
this information revolution.
things are happening.
cosas están sucediendo.
society was a pyramid.
la sociedad era una pirámide.
you needed human labor.
se necesitaba mano de obra humana.
you had an information processing,
había procesamiento de la información,
los dueños del capital
you had your owners of capital
esta era de la información.
automation, is going to take over.
la automatización va a entrar.
information processing,
tenemos una pregunta:
está sucediendo debido a esta tecnología,
because of this technology,
of the pyramid, in which case,
alto de la pirámide, en cuyo caso,
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
invertir la pirámide,
participar como empresarios,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
se basa en la idea
is all based on the idea
aproveche su potencial
tap into their potential
over their learning,
as just a citizen of the world,
como un ciudadano del mundo,
de equidad que podríamos tener,
the type of equity we can we have,
could even progress.
la civilización podría progresar.
optimista al respecto.
muy emocionante para estar vivo.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com