Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Салман Хан: Вучыць майстэрству, а не ставіць адзнакі
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
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the two ideas that,
my observations at Khan Academy,
ў Акадэміі Хана,
or the key leverage points for learning.
і галоўным сродкам навучання.
са стрыечнымі.
working with my cousins.
with math at first,
мелі цяжкасці з матэматыкай,
accumulated in their learning.
за ўсе гады.
they got to an algebra class
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
пасля папярэдніх заняткаў,
няма матэматычнага гена.
they didn't have the math gene.
shaky on the algebra.
some of those videos on YouTube,
who were not my cousins were watching.
што не толькі мае сваякі глядзелі іх.
were just simple thank-yous.
былі проста «Дзякую».
you all spend on YouTube.
на Ютубе,
got a little more intense,
сталі больш разгорнутымі:
that they had grown up not liking math.
што з дзяцінства не любяць матэматыку.
into more advanced math topics.
з кожнай новай тэмай.
they couldn't engage with it.
што яны не маглі іх адолець.
have the math gene.
што не мелі матэматычнага гена.
and decided to engage.
як Акадэмія Хана,
and master those concepts,
зразумець асноўныя прынцыпы,
that it wasn't fixed;
наконт прадвызначанасці —
of learning mathematics.
яны здольныя вывучыць матэматыку.
you would master a lot of things in life.
learn a martial art.
practice the white belt skills
адточваюць навыкі белага поясу,
граць на музычным інструменце:
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
academic model is structured,
традыцыйная навучальная сістэма,
that most of us grew up in.
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
pre-algebra class,
на ўроку матэматыкі
a lecture on exponents,
робім хатняе заданне.
we'll review the homework,
мы правяраем заданне,
lecture, homework.
лекцыя — заданне.
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
недахопы ў нашых ведах:
the five percent they didn't know?
move on to the next subject,
that's going to build on those gaps.
якая памножыць тыя прагалы.
or negative exponents.
лагарыфмы ці адмоўныя ступені.
and you immediately start to realize
а вы пачынаеце разумець,
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
all the way until at some point,
or trigonometry class
алгебры ці трыганаметрыі
is fundamentally difficult
and they're dealing with exponents
раўнанне са ступенямі,
that I didn't know is showing up.
in our life that way.
у іншых сітуацыях.
two weeks to build a foundation.
каб збудаваць падмурак.
the inspector comes, looks around,
прыходзіць правяральшчык, аглядае ўсё
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
Муруем першы паверх».
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
прыходзіць правяральшчык — 75%.
while you're building the third floor,
калі вы будуеце трэці паверх,
як наша сістэма адукацыі,
you typically have in education,
што будаўнік быў дрэнны,
we had a bad contractor,
ці правяраць часцей.
or more frequent inspection.
was the process.
how long we had to something,
неабходны нам час,
and identifying those gaps,
і пошуку недахопаў,
is to do the exact opposite.
процілеглая.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
learn their exponents better,
дапамагае вывучыць ступені,
the right mindset muscles.
20 percent wrong on something,
няведанне 20% матэрыялу
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
keep working on it.
you should have perseverance;
well, hey, this is all great,
у тэорыі гэта ўсё цудоўна —
of mastery-based learning
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
would be on their own track.
and worksheets for every student.
працоўныя сшыткі для кожнага.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
правялі эксперымент,
and saw great results,
і дабіліся поспехаў,
на практыцы было складана.
because it was logistically difficult.
раздаваць усім розныя заданні,
worksheets to every student,
at their own time and pace?
ў зручны час і ў пэўным тэмпе?
readily available for students.
адаптыўныя практыкаванні.
all sorts of neat things happen.
master the concepts,
their growth mindset,
can start to happen
on the lecture,
over the material.
Socratic dialogue.
метад Сакрата.
of a thought experiment.
into the past to Western Europe,
ў Заходнюю Еўропу,
literate parts of the planet,
адукаваных частак свету,
of the population knew how to read.
маглі чытаць.
who did know how to read,
хто ўмеў чытаць,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
мелі здольнасць да чытання,
with a great education system,
што з выдатнай сістэмай адукацыі,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
было б надта песімістычным,
of the population is capable of reading.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
to cancer research?"
with a great education system,
«З выдатнай сістэмай адукацыі,
in a non-mastery framework,
ненабыцця майстэрства,
or observing your peers,
at this set pace through classes,
за навучальным планам
you get to an advanced class,
і ўжо на больш складаным узроўні
not meant to be a mathematician."
in a mastery framework,
па прынцыпе майстэрства,
take agency over your learning,
as a moment of learning --
гэта частка навучання,
that could really master calculus
матэматычны аналіз
the industrial age
што завецца індустрыяльным векам,
this information revolution.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
you needed human labor.
you had an information processing,
you had your owners of capital
automation, is going to take over.
пераважае аўтаматызацыя.
information processing,
because of this technology,
звязаны з тэхналогіямі,
of the pyramid, in which case,
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
is all based on the idea
tap into their potential
over their learning,
as just a citizen of the world,
the type of equity we can we have,
былі б у нас
could even progress.
вельмі шматабяцальны.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com