Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
סלמן קאהן: בואו נלמד לשם שליטה בחומר - לא לשם ציונים
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
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the two ideas that,
my observations at Khan Academy,
באקדמיית קאהן,
or the key leverage points for learning.
ומהווים נקודות מפתח בתהליך הלמידה.
working with my cousins.
כשעבדתי עם בני הדודים שלי.
with math at first,
accumulated in their learning.
they got to an algebra class
הם נכנסו לשיעור אלגברה
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
they didn't have the math gene.
shaky on the algebra.
some of those videos on YouTube,
who were not my cousins were watching.
צופים בהם.
were just simple thank-yous.
you all spend on YouTube.
אתם מבלים ביו-טיוב.
got a little more intense,
that they had grown up not liking math.
שמגיל צעיר הם לא אהבו מתמטיקה.
into more advanced math topics.
לנושאים מתקדמים יותר במתמטיקה.
they couldn't engage with it.
שהם לא יכלו להתמודד עם זה.
have the math gene.
and decided to engage.
and master those concepts,
ולהפגין שליטה בחומר,
that it wasn't fixed;
שיכולת מתמטית אינה נתון מקובע,
of learning mathematics.
you would master a lot of things in life.
בנושאים רבים נוספים בחיים.
learn a martial art.
practice the white belt skills
של חגורה לבנה,
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
academic model is structured,
על פיה בנוי מודל אקדמי,
that most of us grew up in.
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
pre-algebra class,
a lecture on exponents,
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
the five percent they didn't know?
מה היו 5% שהיא לא ידעה?
move on to the next subject,
that's going to build on those gaps.
המבוסס על הפערים הללו,
or negative exponents.
and you immediately start to realize
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
all the way until at some point,
עד שבנקודה מסויימת,
or trigonometry class
is fundamentally difficult
and they're dealing with exponents
that I didn't know is showing up.
in our life that way.
דברים אחרים בחיינו.
two weeks to build a foundation.
the inspector comes, looks around,
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
בוא נבנה את הקומה הראשונה."
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
המפקח מגיע, זה 75%.
while you're building the third floor,
you typically have in education,
של אנשים רבים במערכת החינוך,
we had a bad contractor,
or more frequent inspection.
פיקוח טוב יותר או תדיר יותר".
was the process.
how long we had to something,
את הזמן העומד לרשותנו,
and identifying those gaps,
is to do the exact opposite.
הוא לעשות את ההפך הגמור.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
למצב של שליטה בחומר.
learn their exponents better,
נושא החזקות אצל התלמיד,
the right mindset muscles.
20 percent wrong on something,
שאם לא עניתם נכונה על 20% מהחומר,
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
מוטמע בדנ"א שלכם.
keep working on it.
you should have perseverance;
well, hey, this is all great,
כל זה טוב ויפה,
of mastery-based learning
של למידה לשם שליטה בחומר,
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
would be on their own track.
יצטרך להיות במסלול משלו.
and worksheets for every student.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
לפני 100 שנה,
and saw great results,
וראו תוצאות מצויינות,
because it was logistically difficult.
כי זה קשה מבחינה לוגיסטית.
worksheets to every student,
at their own time and pace?
readily available for students.
all sorts of neat things happen.
master the concepts,
their growth mindset,
can start to happen
יכולים להתחיל לקרות בכיתה.
on the lecture,
יהיה על ההרצאה,
over the material.
טובה יותר בחומר.
Socratic dialogue.
עם פוטנציאל מבוזבז,
of a thought experiment.
into the past to Western Europe,
literate parts of the planet,
הכי אורייניים בעולם,
of the population knew how to read.
who did know how to read,
אדם שאינו יודע לקרוא,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
מסוגל ללמוד לקרוא"?
with a great education system,
"ובכן, עם מערכת חינוך מצויינת,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
הוא מאוד פסימי,
of the population is capable of reading.
מסוגלים ללמוד לקרוא.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
to cancer research?"
with a great education system,
"ובכן, עם מערכת חינוך מצויינת,
in a non-mastery framework,
בה לא לומדים לשם שליטה בחומר,
or observing your peers,
או צפייה באחרים,
at this set pace through classes,
you get to an advanced class,
אתם מגיעים לשיעור מתקדם,
not meant to be a mathematician."
לא נועדתי להיות מתמטיקאי".
in a mastery framework,
לפעול במסגרת של למידה לשם שליטה בחומר,
take agency over your learning,
לקחת אחריות על הלמידה שלכם,
as a moment of learning --
רואים בה רגע של למידה,
that could really master calculus
שיכולים באמת לשלוט בחדו"א,
the industrial age
העידן התעשייתי,
this information revolution.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
you needed human labor.
you had an information processing,
you had your owners of capital
automation, is going to take over.
information processing,
עיבוד המידע,
because of this technology,
את הפרדוקטיביות החדשה הזו,
of the pyramid, in which case,
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
is all based on the idea
tap into their potential
over their learning,
as just a citizen of the world,
the type of equity we can we have,
could even progress.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com