Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Salman Khan: Lär elever bemästra ämnet – inte klara provet
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
de två idéer som,
the two ideas that,
mina observationer på Khan Academy,
my observations at Khan Academy,
or the key leverage points for learning.
working with my cousins.
när jag arbetade med mina kusiner.
with math at first,
med matte i början,
accumulated in their learning.
they got to an algebra class
vid någon tidpunkt en algebraklass
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
på den förberedande algebran,
they didn't have the math gene.
att de inte hade mattegenen.
shaky on the algebra.
some of those videos on YouTube,
några av videorna på YouTube,
who were not my cousins were watching.
mina kusiner kollade på det.
were just simple thank-yous.
var de kommentarerna enkla tack.
var en ganska stor grej.
ni lägger på YouTube.
you all spend on YouTube.
got a little more intense,
lite mer intensiva,
that they had grown up not liking math.
växt upp med att inte gilla matte.
into more advanced math topics.
mer avancerade matematikämnen.
att de inte kunde delta i det.
they couldn't engage with it.
have the math gene.
blev de mer aktiva
and decided to engage.
och bemästra begreppen,
and master those concepts,
om att det inte var förutbestämt;
that it wasn't fixed;
of learning mathematics.
att lära sig matte.
you would master a lot of things in life.
hur man bemästrar många saker i livet.
learn a martial art.
lära dig en kampsport.
practice the white belt skills
färdigheterna för det vita bältet
ett musikinstrument:
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
om och om igen,
academic model is structured,
akademisk modell är strukturerad,
that most of us grew up in.
de flesta av oss växte upp i.
usually by age,
vanligen efter ålder,
together at the same pace.
tillsammans i samma takt.
förberedande algebra i mellanstadiet,
pre-algebra class,
a lecture on exponents,
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
lektion, läxor.
two or three weeks,
i två eller tre veckor,
kanske 75 procent rätt,
gaps in our knowledge,
luckor i vår kunskap,
vilka fem procent kände hen inte till?
the five percent they didn't know?
move on to the next subject,
sedan gå vidare till nästa ämne,
that's going to build on those gaps.
som kommer bygga på de luckorna.
or negative exponents.
eller negativa exponenter.
and you immediately start to realize
och man börjar genast att inse
of the more foundational thing,
av den mer fundamentala saken,
to the more advanced thing.
till den mer avancerade saken.
all the way until at some point,
hela vägen fram till någon punkt,
or trigonometry class
eller trigonometri
is fundamentally difficult
fundamentalt är svårt
and they're dealing with exponents
och de håller på med exponenter
that I didn't know is showing up.
som jag inte kunde visar sig nu.
in our life that way.
i vårt liv på det sättet.
två veckor på oss att bygga en grund.
two weeks to build a foundation.
the inspector comes, looks around,
kommer inspektören, ser sig om,
is still wet right over there,
är fortfarande blöt därborta,
till föreskrifterna ...
Vi bygger den första våningen."
Let's build the first floor."
inspektören kommer, det blir 75 procent.
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
kollapsar hela strukturen.
while you're building the third floor,
som man vanligtvis har inom utbildning,
you typically have in education,
vi hade en dålig entreprenör,
we had a bad contractor,
eller fler inspektioner.
or more frequent inspection.
was the process.
var processen.
how long we had to something,
hur länge vi behövde göra något,
ett varierade utfall,
and identifying those gaps,
och identifiera dessa luckor,
är att göra raka motsatsen.
is to do the exact opposite.
constraining, fixing
begränsa och slå fast
that variable outcome,
det variabela resultatet,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
att de faktiskt bemästrar materialet.
learn their exponents better,
lära sig mer om exponenter,
the right mindset muscles.
det rätta tankesättet.
20 percent wrong on something,
20 procent fel på något,
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
märkt i ditt DNA på något sätt.
borde fortsätta att arbeta med det.
keep working on it.
you should have perseverance;
jovisst, det är ju bra,
well, hey, this is all great,
om att bemästra det man lär in
of mastery-based learning
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
men det verkar opraktiskt.
would be on their own track.
ska varje elev vara på sin egen bana.
and worksheets for every student.
och arbetsblad för varje student.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
i Winnetka, Illinois för 100 år sedan,
och man såg bra resultat,
and saw great results,
because it was logistically difficult.
eftersom det var logistiskt svårt.
worksheets to every student,
arbetsblad till varje elev,
at their own time and pace?
i sin egen takt?
readily available for students.
lätt tillgängliga för elever.
all sorts of neat things happen.
händer alla sorters fiffiga saker.
master the concepts,
bemästra begreppen,
sin tro på att kunna utvecklas,
their growth mindset,
can start to happen
kan börja hända,
on the lecture,
fokuserar på lektionen
over the material.
Sokratisk dialog.
Socratic dialogue.
av potential här,
of a thought experiment.
ett litet tankeexperiment.
into the past to Western Europe,
400 år i Västeuropa,
literate parts of the planet,
av de mer bildade delarna av planeten,
of the population knew how to read.
av populationen kunde läsa.
who did know how to read,
om du frågade någon som kunde läsa,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
tror du ens är kapabla att läsa?"
with a great education system,
"Tja, med ett bra utbildningssystem,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
skulle varit väldigt pessimistisk,
of the population is capable of reading.
är kapabel att läsa.
a similar question:
en liknande fråga:
do you think is capable
tror du är kapabel
to cancer research?"
till cancerforskning?"
with a great education system,
"Ja, med ett bra utbildningssystem,
in a non-mastery framework,
or observing your peers,
eller av att observera kamrater,
at this set pace through classes,
genom lektioner,
you get to an advanced class,
du kommer till en avancerad klass,
"Jag skulle nog inte bli cancerforskare,
not meant to be a mathematician."
in a mastery framework,
att bemästra kunskap
take agency over your learning,
ta makten över din inlärning,
as a moment of learning --
som ett ögonblick av lärande.
skulle kunna bemästra kalkylering
that could really master calculus
något som är "bra att ha".
en social nödvändighet.
the industrial age
den industriella eran
this information revolution.
i en informationsrevolution.
things are happening.
var samhället en pyramid.
society was a pyramid.
you needed human labor.
behöver man mänsklig arbetskraft.
you had an information processing,
hade man informationsbehandling,
you had your owners of capital
fanns ägarna av kapital
automation, is going to take over.
automation, kommer att ta över.
information processing,
informationsbearbetning,
because of this technology,
på grund av teknik,
of the pyramid, in which case,
av pyramiden, och i så fall
som är mer ambitiöst?
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
att invertera pyramiden,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
kan delta som entreprenör,
är baserat på idén
is all based on the idea
tap into their potential
utnyttja sin potential
over their learning,
över sitt lärande,
as just a citizen of the world,
som världsmedborgare,
the type of equity we can we have,
den jämställdhet vi kan få,
could even progress.
civilisationen ens kan framskrida.
ganska optimistisk om det.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
en ganska spännande tid att leva.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com