Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Салман Хан: Знания ради знаний, а не ради оценок
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the two ideas that,
my observations at Khan Academy,
в «Академии Хана»,
or the key leverage points for learning.
основой для обучения:
working with my cousins.
обучая двоюродных братьев и сестёр.
with math at first,
были трудности с математикой
accumulated in their learning.
they got to an algebra class
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
в базовых математических понятиях
they didn't have the math gene.
способностью к математике.
shaky on the algebra.
алгебраических задач.
some of those videos on YouTube,
who were not my cousins were watching.
не только мои родственники.
were just simple thank-yous.
сводились к простому «спасибо».
you all spend on YouTube.
вы проводите на YouTube.
got a little more intense,
стали более подробными.
that they had grown up not liking math.
что с детства не любили математику.
into more advanced math topics.
как усложнялась программа.
they couldn't engage with it.
в знаниях их интерес к предмету пропал.
have the math gene.
что не склонны к математике,
and decided to engage.
and master those concepts,
и освоили все принципы.
that it wasn't fixed;
что у них гибкий склад ума
of learning mathematics.
выучить математику.
you would master a lot of things in life.
большинство жизненных навыков.
learn a martial art.
боевому искусству.
practice the white belt skills
вы бы отрабатывали элементы,
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
простое произведение,
academic model is structured,
к которой мы с вами привыкли со школы,
that most of us grew up in.
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
pre-algebra class,
на уроке математики
a lecture on exponents,
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
two or three weeks,
я отвечу правильно на 75% вопросов,
gaps in our knowledge,
the five percent they didn't know?
5% изученного материала.
move on to the next subject,
that's going to build on those gaps.
базироваться на этих пробелах.
or negative exponents.
с отрицательным показателем.
and you immediately start to realize
и вы начинаете понимать,
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
более сложные.
all the way until at some point,
or trigonometry class
уроке алгебры или тригонометрии
is fundamentally difficult
что алгебра невероятно трудна
and they're dealing with exponents
уравнение со степенями,
that I didn't know is showing up.
которые я не усвоил.
всю абсурдность этого, представьте,
in our life that way.
и другие вещи таким же образом.
two weeks to build a foundation.
на закладку фундамента.
the inspector comes, looks around,
пришёл бы, посмотрел и сказал:
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
Строим первый этаж».
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
инспектор оценивает ваши знания на 75%.
while you're building the third floor,
you typically have in education,
так же, как система образования,
we had a bad contractor,
or more frequent inspection.
или чтобы он чаще приходил».
was the process.
how long we had to something,
на выполнение работы,
and identifying those gaps,
чтобы выявить все пробелы,
прямо противоположное.
is to do the exact opposite.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
что они овладевают материалом.
learn their exponents better,
ученику выучить степени лучше,
the right mindset muscles.
правильного типа мышления.
20 percent wrong on something,
что если он не знает 20% материала,
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
иметь тройку по этому предмету.
keep working on it.
продолжать обучение.
you should have perseverance;
твёрдостью характера, упорством,
процесс обучения.
well, hey, this is all great,
что в теории это звучит неплохо —
of mastery-based learning
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
но идея кажется непрактичной.
would be on their own track.
and worksheets for every student.
для каждого ученика.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
в штате Иллинойс,
and saw great results,
обучая по этому принципу,
because it was logistically difficult.
из-за логистических трудностей.
worksheets to every student,
разные задания каждому ученику,
at their own time and pace?
в удобном для них темпе?
readily available for students.
адаптированные упражнения.
all sorts of neat things happen.
master the concepts,
овладевать понятиями,
their growth mindset,
can start to happen
on the lecture,
over the material.
Socratic dialogue.
о чём мы с вами говорим
of a thought experiment.
небольшой эксперимент.
into the past to Western Europe,
в прошлое, в Восточную Европу,
literate parts of the planet,
высокой грамотностью населения,
of the population knew how to read.
около 15% её жителей умели читать.
who did know how to read,
спросили кого-нибудь, кто умел читать,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
способен научиться читать?»,
with a great education system,
«При хорошей системе образования
would have been wildly pessimistic,
of the population is capable of reading.
100% населения умеют читать.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
to cancer research?"
лекарства против рака?»,
with a great education system,
«При хорошей системе образования,
in a non-mastery framework,
обучения в системе,
or observing your peers,
at this set pace through classes,
в определённом темпе,
you get to an advanced class,
вы переходите в старший класс,
not meant to be a mathematician."
не суждено стать математиком».
in a mastery framework,
по принципу освоения,
take agency over your learning,
процессом обучения,
as a moment of learning --
относились как к полезному уроку,
that could really master calculus
полностью освоить математику
это не просто занятная идея,
the industrial age
на переходном этапе цивилизаций:
this information revolution.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
you needed human labor.
которой находился рабочий класс.
you had an information processing,
обработка информации,
you had your owners of capital
владельцы капитала,
automation, is going to take over.
information processing,
because of this technology,
увеличивается производительность,
of the pyramid, in which case,
вершину пирамиды, то в таком случае
that's more aspirational?
что-то более впечатляющее
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
стать предпринимателем,
is all based on the idea
tap into their potential
over their learning,
на свой процесс обучения,
as just a citizen of the world,
эта идея может показаться
the type of equity we can we have,
которое могло бы установиться,
could even progress.
могла бы развиваться.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
жить в такую эпоху.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com