Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Salman Khan: Enseignons pour la maîtrise et pas les résultats aux examens
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the two ideas that,
pour parler de deux idées qui,
my observations at Khan Academy,
or the key leverage points for learning.
de l'apprentissage.
working with my cousins.
de mon travail avec mes cousins.
with math at first,
avaient des difficultés en maths
accumulated in their learning.
de leur apprentissage s'accumulaient.
they got to an algebra class
en cours d'algèbre
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
sur la pré-algèbre,
they didn't have the math gene.
ne pas avoir le gène des maths.
shaky on the algebra.
sur l'algèbre.
some of those videos on YouTube,
certaines de ces vidéos sur YouTube
who were not my cousins were watching.
autres que mes cousins regardaient.
were just simple thank-yous.
étaient de simples mercis.
you all spend on YouTube.
got a little more intense,
that they had grown up not liking math.
avoir grandi en n'aimant pas les maths.
into more advanced math topics.
plus ça devenait difficile.
they couldn't engage with it.
et ne retenaient rien.
have the math gene.
le gène des maths.
and decided to engage.
and master those concepts,
et maîtriser ces concepts,
that it wasn't fixed;
of learning mathematics.
les mathématiques.
you would master a lot of things in life.
que vous maîtrisez plein de sujets.
learn a martial art.
un art martial.
practice the white belt skills
les compétences de la ceinture blanche
a musical instrument:
un instrument :
over and over again,
academic model is structured,
n'est pas structuré ainsi,
that most of us grew up in.
a suivit en grandissant.
usually by age,
souvent par âge,
together at the same pace.
suivre le même rythme.
pre-algebra class,
a lecture on exponents,
sur les exposants,
feront des exercices.
we'll review the homework,
ils reverront leurs exercices,
lecture, homework.
cours, devoirs.
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
dans nos connaissances,
the five percent they didn't know?
quels étaient les 5% qu'il ignorait ?
move on to the next subject,
au sujet suivant,
that's going to build on those gaps.
qui va augmenter ces lacunes.
or negative exponents.
ou les exposants négatifs.
and you immediately start to realize
et vous commencez à réaliser
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
vers du plus avancé.
all the way until at some point,
jusqu'à ce qu'à un moment,
or trigonometry class
ou de trigonométrie,
is fundamentally difficult
est fondamentalement difficile
un étudiant brillant.
and they're dealing with exponents
où il y a des exposants
that I didn't know is showing up.
in our life that way.
dans d'autres domaines :
et lui disons :
two weeks to build a foundation.
pour les fondations.
the inspector comes, looks around,
l'inspecteur vient, jette un œil,
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
Attaquons l'étage. »
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
pour faire ce que vous pouvez,
while you're building the third floor,
le troisième étage,
you typically have in education,
qui est habituelle pour l'éducation
we had a bad contractor,
or more frequent inspection.
ou pas assez d'inspections.
was the process.
how long we had to something,
le temps pour chaque tâche,
and identifying those gaps,
et d'identifier les lacunes
is to do the exact opposite.
est l'exact opposé.
constraining, fixing
fixer artificiellement
that variable outcome,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
maîtriser le cours.
learn their exponents better,
l'étudiant apprendra mieux les exposants
the right mindset muscles.
les bons muscles de son esprit.
20 percent wrong on something,
20% de faux à quelque chose
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
est marqué par cette note.
keep working on it.
continuer à travailler le sujet.
you should have perseverance;
de son apprentissage.
well, hey, this is all great,
que cela est génial,
of mastery-based learning
d'apprentissage pour la maîtrise
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
would be on their own track.
que chaque étudiant est indépendant.
and worksheets for every student.
du travail pour chaque étudiant.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
il y a 100 ans,
and saw great results,
a eu d'excellents résultats
because it was logistically difficult.
inapplicable à grande échelle.
worksheets to every student,
du travail à chaque élève,
at their own time and pace?
à leur rythme ?
de commentaires ?
readily available for students.
déjà disponibles pour les étudiants.
all sorts of neat things happen.
se produisent.
master the concepts,
peuvent maîtriser les concepts
their growth mindset,
de leur apprentissage.
can start to happen
on the lecture,
over the material.
leur maîtrise du sujet,
Socratic dialogue.
tenir des dialogues socratiques.
of a thought experiment.
de réflexion.
into the past to Western Europe,
en Europe occidentale,
literate parts of the planet,
of the population knew how to read.
15% de la population savait lire.
who did know how to read,
à quelqu'un sachant lire,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
de la population est capable de lire ? »
with a great education system,
« Avec un bon système éducatif,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
of the population is capable of reading.
est capable de lire.
a similar question:
une question similaire :
do you think is capable
de la population est capable
to cancer research?"
à la recherche contre le cancer ? »
with a great education system,
« Avec un bon système éducatif,
in a non-mastery framework,
d'un cadre de non maîtrise,
or observing your peers,
ou l'observation des autres,
at this set pace through classes,
à travers les classes,
you get to an advanced class,
vous avancez dans les classes,
contre le cancer,
not meant to be a mathematician."
in a mastery framework,
dans un cadre de maîtrise,
take agency over your learning,
de votre apprentissage
as a moment of learning --
comme un apprentissage,
that could really master calculus
capables de maîtriser le calcul
the industrial age
this information revolution.
la révolution technologique.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
la société était une pyramide
you needed human labor.
you had an information processing,
le traitement de l'information,
you had your owners of capital
par les propriétaire du capital,
automation, is going to take over.
du bas de la pyramide.
le traitement de l'information,
information processing,
because of this technology,
vient de la technologie,
of the pyramid, in which case,
au sommet de la pyramide,
that's more aspirational?
plus ambitieuse ?
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
peut participer en tant qu'entrepreneur,
is all based on the idea
sur cette idée :
tap into their potential
atteindre leur potentiel
over their learning,
de leur apprentissage,
as just a citizen of the world,
en tant que citoyen du monde,
the type of equity we can we have,
que nous pourrions atteindre,
could even progress.
la civilisation pourrait progresser.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
un période excitante à vivre.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com