Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
سلمان کان: برای استادی و تسلط یافتن آموزش دهیم -- نه برای نمره
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
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the two ideas that,
my observations at Khan Academy,
در اکادمی کان،
or the key leverage points for learning.
برای یادگیری هستند.
working with my cousins.
کارکردن با عموزادههایم دیدم.
with math at first,
ریاضی مشکل داشتند،
accumulated in their learning.
جمع شده در یادگیریشان داشتند.
they got to an algebra class
به کلاس جبر شدند
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
پیش نیاز های جبر بودند،
they didn't have the math gene.
میکردند انها ژن ریاضی ندارند
shaky on the algebra.
some of those videos on YouTube,
در یوتیوپ اپلود میکردم،
who were not my cousins were watching.
نبودند داشتند تماشا میکردند.
were just simple thank-yous.
you all spend on YouTube.
got a little more intense,
that they had grown up not liking math.
بزرگ شدیم که از ریاضی بدمان بیاید.
رسیده بودند، برای آنها سختتر شده بود.
into more advanced math topics.
they couldn't engage with it.
بود که نمیتوانستند با ان درگیر شوند.
have the math gene.
and decided to engage.
تصمیم گرفتند که درگیر شوند.
اکادمی را پیدا کردند
and master those concepts,
و بر آن موضوعات تسلط پیدا کنند
that it wasn't fixed;
که درست نشده بود
of learning mathematics.
یادگیری ریاضیات هستند
you would master a lot of things in life.
بسیاری چیزها در زندگی میباشد
learn a martial art.
ورزشهای رزمی یاد بگیرید.
practice the white belt skills
های کمربند سفید را تمرین میکنید
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
academic model is structured,
سنتی ساخته شده اند
that most of us grew up in.
با ان بزرگ شده ایم
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
چوپانی میکنیم!
pre-algebra class,
راهنمایی هستیدکلاس پیش نیاز جبر
a lecture on exponents,
تکلیف انجام میدهیم
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
یادگیری مارا نشان داد
the five percent they didn't know?
که نمیدانستند چه بوده؟
move on to the next subject,
میکنند به موضوع بعدی
that's going to build on those gaps.
روی ان شکاف ها بنا میشود
or negative exponents.
and you immediately start to realize
و سریعا متوجه میشوید
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
موضوع پیشرفتهتر
all the way until at some point,
پیدا میکند تا
or trigonometry class
is fundamentally difficult
جبر اساسا سخت است
and they're dealing with exponents
تساوی میبینم که به توان ربط دارد
that I didn't know is showing up.
دارد نمود پیدا میکند
in our life that way.
زندگیمان اینگونه انجام بدهیم
two weeks to build a foundation.
پی بسازی
the inspector comes, looks around,
و اطراف رو میبینه،
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
بیاید طبقه اول رو بسازیم.»
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
میاد.به کار ۷۵درصد میده
while you're building the third floor,
طبقه سوم رو میسازید،
you typically have in education,
عکس العمل معمول شما در تحصیل باشد،
we had a bad contractor,
or more frequent inspection.
was the process.
how long we had to something,
که برای کاری چقدر زمان داریم.
and identifying those gaps,
شکاف ها را میکشیدیم،
is to do the exact opposite.
constraining, fixing
تثبیت کردن
that variable outcome,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
که باید بر موضوع تسلط یابد
learn their exponents better,
مبحث توان برای دانش آموز میشود.
the right mindset muscles.
مغزیشان را هم تقویت میکند.
20 percent wrong on something,
درصد از موضوعی را غلط فهمیدید.
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
شما یک C وجود دارد.
keep working on it.
روی ان کار کنید.
you should have perseverance;
well, hey, this is all great,
خب اینها همه عالی هستند،
of mastery-based learning
با تسلط
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
would be on their own track.
تا یادبگیرد.
and worksheets for every student.
و متن درسی مخصوص هر دانش آموز داشته باشیم.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
۱۰۰ سال پیش
and saw great results,
و نتایج عالیای دیدند،
because it was logistically difficult.
چون منطقا سخت بود.
worksheets to every student,
هر دانش آموز بدهد
at their own time and pace?
سرعتشان میبینند؟
readily available for students.
all sorts of neat things happen.
تمام طبقات مرتب اتفاق میفتد.
master the concepts,
their growth mindset,
را هم میسازند.
can start to happen
on the lecture,
over the material.
Socratic dialogue.
of a thought experiment.
ازمایشی را درمیان بگذارم.
into the past to Western Europe,
غربی به عقب برویم،
literate parts of the planet,
نقاط زمین بود،
of the population knew how to read.
who did know how to read,
چه کسی خواندن میداند،
do you think is even capable of reading?"
قابلیت خواندن دارند؟»
with a great education system,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
بسیار بدبینانه است.
of the population is capable of reading.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
to cancer research?"
with a great education system,
یک سیستم اموزشی عالی
in a non-mastery framework,
چهارچوب یادگیری غیرتسلطی هست؟
or observing your peers,
at this set pace through classes,
خاصی را در کلاس داشته باشید،
you get to an advanced class,
تا به کلاس پیشرفته برسید
not meant to be a mathematician."
نمیتونم یک ریاضیدان بشوم؛»
in a mastery framework,
در سیستم استادی یا تسلطی کار کنید،
take agency over your learning,
یادگیری کمک بگیرید،
as a moment of learning --
یک لحظه برای یادگیری ببینید---
that could really master calculus
که واقعا میشه انتگرال رو تسلط یافت
the industrial age
صنعتی نامید خارج میشیم
this information revolution.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
جامعه هرم بود.
you needed human labor.
you had an information processing,
you had your owners of capital
automation, is going to take over.
information processing,
پردازش اطلاعات
because of this technology,
با تکنولوژی اتفاق میافتد،
of the pyramid, in which case,
that's more aspirational?
را انجام میدهیم؟
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
کارآفرین داشته باشند،
is all based on the idea
برپایه ایده ای است که
tap into their potential
توان بالقوهشان
over their learning,
به آن ضربه بزنند،
as just a citizen of the world,
عنوان شهروند جهانی
the type of equity we can we have,
could even progress.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
زنده ماندن خواهد بود.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com