Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Salman Khan: Legyen a tanítás célja az alapos tudás, ne a magas vizsgapontszám
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the two ideas that,
tapasztalataim alapján
my observations at Khan Academy,
or the key leverage points for learning.
mikor az unokatesóimmal dolgoztam.
working with my cousins.
with math at first,
accumulated in their learning.
halmoztak föl tanulmányaik során.
they got to an algebra class
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
they didn't have the math gene.
hogy belőlük hiányzik a matekgén.
shaky on the algebra.
some of those videos on YouTube,
fel a YouTube-ra,
who were not my cousins were watching.
unokatesóim nézik őket.
were just simple thank-yous.
hozzászólások érkeztek.
you all spend on YouTube.
időt töltenek a YouTube-on.
got a little more intense,
that they had grown up not liking math.
hogy világéletében utálta a matekot.
into more advanced math topics.
ahogy a komolyabb témákhoz értek.
they couldn't engage with it.
hogy elveszítették a fonalat.
have the math gene.
and decided to engage.
újra nekilátnak.
and master those concepts,
bepótolni az alapfogalmakat,
that it wasn't fixed;
hogy ez nem törvényszerű,
of learning mathematics.
a matematikát.
you would master a lot of things in life.
sajátítunk el más dolgokat is.
learn a martial art.
practice the white belt skills
szoktuk gyakorolni,
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
academic model is structured,
that most of us grew up in.
usually by age,
csoportosítjuk a diákokat,
together at the same pace.
terelgetünk tovább.
pre-algebra class,
algebraelőkészítő órán,
a lecture on exponents,
és megcsinálja a házit.
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
hiányosságaimra,
the five percent they didn't know?
move on to the next subject,
a következő témakörre,
that's going to build on those gaps.
és ezekre a hiányosságokra épít.
or negative exponents.
and you immediately start to realize
és azonnal kezdünk rájönni,
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
a bonyolultabb anyagrészre,
all the way until at some point,
egészen addig,
or trigonometry class
is fundamentally difficult
eleve olyan bonyolult lenne,
and they're dealing with exponents
ami hatványokat is tartalmaz
that I didn't know is showing up.
in our life that way.
two weeks to build a foundation.
the inspector comes, looks around,
is still wet right over there,
az előírásoknak...
Let's build the first floor."
Jöhet az első emelet."
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
jön az ellenőr, 75%.
while you're building the third floor,
szoktunk a hasonló helyzetekre,
you typically have in education,
we had a bad contractor,
lett volna szükség.
or more frequent inspection.
was the process.
how long we had to something,
a kivitelezés határidejét,
lehet a végeredmény.
and identifying those gaps,
és megállapítottuk a hibákat,
is to do the exact opposite.
kellene csinálnunk.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
s meddig dolgozzon a diák
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
el is sajátítja az anyagot.
learn their exponents better,
tanulja meg a hatványozást,
the right mindset muscles.
20 percent wrong on something,
egy anyag 80 %-át,
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
a génjeiben a "négyességet",
keep working on it.
you should have perseverance;
well, hey, this is all great,
hogy elviekben ez mind szép és jó:
of mastery-based learning
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
de nem tűnik praktikusnak.
would be on their own track.
a saját útján haladna.
and worksheets for every student.
és mindenkinek külön feladatlapokra.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
az illinois-i Winnetkában.
and saw great results,
s kitűnő eredményeket kaptak,
mert bonyolult a logisztikája.
because it was logistically difficult.
kellett adnia mindenkinek,
worksheets to every student,
at their own time and pace?
nézhesse meg a magyarázatokat?
readily available for students.
kész feladatsorok.
all sorts of neat things happen.
master the concepts,
elsajátítják a fogalmakat,
their growth mindset,
can start to happen
lenne a hangsúly,
on the lecture,
over the material.
Socratic dialogue.
Szókratészi párbeszédek.
lehetőségek tragédiáját,
of a thought experiment.
into the past to Western Europe,
a nyugat-európai múltba,
literate parts of the planet,
egyik legműveltebb része volt,
of the population knew how to read.
kb. 15%-a tud olvasni.
who did know how to read,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
része tud majd olvasni?"
with a great education system,
hogy ha jó az oktatási rendszer,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
pesszimista becslés lett volna,
of the population is capable of reading.
100%-a tud olvasni.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
to cancer research?"
with a great education system,
hogy ha jó az oktatási rendszer,
in a non-mastery framework,
oktatási rendszerben
or observing your peers,
tapasztalatából szereztünk,
at this set pace through classes,
s eközben gyűltek a hiányosságaik.
you get to an advanced class,
eljutunk a nehéz részhez,
Nem lesz belőlem matematikus."
not meant to be a mathematician."
in a mastery framework,
take agency over your learning,
volna a tanulásunkért,
as a moment of learning --
megérteni az analízist
that could really master calculus
the industrial age
this information revolution.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
a társadalom piramisszerkezetű volt.
you needed human labor.
you had an information processing,
you had your owners of capital
az információs forradalomban.
automation, is going to take over.
az automatizálás.
information processing,
because of this technology,
fejlődés miatt javul,
of the pyramid, in which case,
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
is all based on the idea
a bennünk rejlő lehetőségeket,
tap into their potential
over their learning,
vállalnánk a tanulásunkért,
as just a citizen of the world,
the type of equity we can we have,
could even progress.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com