Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Salman Khan: Uczmy opanowania materiału, nie zdobywania ocen
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the two ideas that,
my observations at Khan Academy,
or the key leverage points for learning.
czy też kluczowe zasady uczenia się.
working with my cousins.
na początku pracy z kuzynami.
with math at first,
accumulated in their learning.
they got to an algebra class
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
they didn't have the math gene.
"matematycznego genu".
shaky on the algebra.
z powodu braków w algebrze.
some of those videos on YouTube,
who were not my cousins were watching.
moi kuzyni to oglądają.
were just simple thank-yous.
sprowadzały się do podziękowań.
you all spend on YouTube.
nie brzmi "Dziękuję".
got a little more intense,
bardziej intensywne,
that they had grown up not liking math.
że dorastając nie lubili matematyki.
into more advanced math topics.
było im coraz trudniej,
they couldn't engage with it.
opanować nowego materiału.
have the math gene.
and decided to engage.
and master those concepts,
opanowali zagadnienia,
że nastawienie da się zmienić
that it wasn't fixed;
of learning mathematics.
you would master a lot of things in life.
w życiu wielu rzeczy.
learn a martial art.
practice the white belt skills
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
academic model is structured,
akademicki model nauczania.
that most of us grew up in.
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
pre-algebra class,
a lecture on exponents,
odrabiamy pracę domową.
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
dostajemy pracę domową.
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
the five percent they didn't know?
nie znał 5% materiału, prawda?
move on to the next subject,
do następnych zagadnień,
i opartych na tych zaległościach.
that's going to build on those gaps.
or negative exponents.
lub wykładniki ujemne.
and you immediately start to realize
i zaczynasz zdawać sobie sprawę,
of the more foundational thing,
zagadnień podstawowych,
to the more advanced thing.
all the way until at some point,
miesiącami, latami.
or trigonometry class
is fundamentally difficult
jest zasadniczo trudna,
and they're dealing with exponents
równania z wykładnikami
that I didn't know is showing up.
których się nie nauczyłem.
in our life that way.
organizowane w ten sposób.
two weeks to build a foundation.
na zbudowanie fundamentów.
the inspector comes, looks around,
przyjeżdża inspektor i mówi:
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
przyjeżdża inspektor i daje 75%.
while you're building the third floor,
you typically have in education,
jak zwykle się to dzieje w edukacji
że mieliśmy złego budowlańca,
we had a bad contractor,
or more frequent inspection.
lepsze i częstsze inspekcje.
was the process.
how long we had to something,
w jakim trzeba coś wykonać,
niejednorodne rezultaty.
and identifying those gaps,
i zidentyfikować braki,
is to do the exact opposite.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
na opanowanie materiału,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
to faktyczne opanowanie materiału.
learn their exponents better,
nie tylko lepiej nauczy się wykładników,
the right mindset muscles.
20 percent wrong on something,
że jeśli nie nauczyli się 20% materiału
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
keep working on it.
you should have perseverance;
well, hey, this is all great,
że filozoficznie to wszystko ładnie,
of mastery-based learning
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
tylko wydaje się niepraktyczne.
would be on their own track.
indywidualny tok studiów,
and worksheets for every student.
korepetytora, osobne zestawy zadań.
przeprowadzono eksperyment.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
and saw great results,
że logistycznie jest to trudne.
because it was logistically difficult.
worksheets to every student,
tłumaczenia w swoim tempie?
at their own time and pace?
Potrzeba informacji zwrotnej?
readily available for students.
rezultatem są różne wspaniałe rzeczy.
all sorts of neat things happen.
master the concepts,
their growth mindset,
can start to happen
on the lecture,
opanowują materiał.
over the material.
Socratic dialogue.
of a thought experiment.
into the past to Western Europe,
do zachodniej Europy,
literate parts of the planet,
z bardziej wykształconych regionów,
of the population knew how to read.
ludzi potrafi czytać.
who did know how to read,
kto umie czytać,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
mógłby nauczyć się czytać?",
with a great education system,
"Przy świetnej edukacji
would have been wildly pessimistic,
of the population is capable of reading.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
jest w stanie dogłębnie opanować
to cancer research?"
w badaniach nad rakiem?".
with a great education system,
"Przy świetnej edukacji
in a non-mastery framework,
z systemem niedouczania,
or observing your peers,
lub doświadczeniach rówieśników,
at this set pace through classes,
w narzuconym tempie,
you get to an advanced class,
not meant to be a mathematician."
in a mastery framework,
opanowania materiału,
take agency over your learning,
as a moment of learning --
that could really master calculus
całek i rachunku różniczkowego,
the industrial age
this information revolution.
things are happening.
społeczeństwo było piramidą.
society was a pyramid.
you needed human labor.
wielu pracowników fizycznych,
you had an information processing,
you had your owners of capital
automation, is going to take over.
pojawiła się automatyzacja.
information processing,
because of this technology,
dobrodziejstw technologicznych
of the pyramid, in which case,
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
is all based on the idea
na wykorzystanie własnego potencjału
tap into their potential
over their learning,
as just a citizen of the world,
the type of equity we can we have,
could even progress.
bardzo optymistycznie.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
będzie bardzo ekscytująca.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com