TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
Takaharu Tezuka: Tadika terbaik yang anda pernah lihat
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Di sebuah sekolah di Tokyo, kanak-kanak berusia lima tahun menyebabkan kesesakan lalu lintas dan tingkap adalah tempat Santa masuk. Saksikan: tadika tercomel di dunia, direka bentuk oleh seorang arkitek bernama Takaharu Tezuka. Di dalam persembahan yang menarik ini, beliau membawa kita melalui proses reka bentuk yang menyokong konsep kanak-kanak sepatutnya menjadi kanak-kanak.
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Kami mereka bentuk tadika ini
pada tahun 2007.
pada tahun 2007.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
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00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
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Kami bangunkan tadika ini
dalam bentuk bulat.
dalam bentuk bulat.
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
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Ia seperti pusingan tanpa henti
di atas bumbung.
di atas bumbung.
00:29
If you are a parent,
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Jika anda ibu bapa,
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
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anda tahu bahawa kanak-kanak
amat suka bergerak dalam bulatan.
amat suka bergerak dalam bulatan.
Ini rupa bentuk atap bangunan itu.
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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Kenapa kami pilih reka bentuk sebegini?
00:39
And why did we design this?
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00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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Pengetua tadika ini berkata,
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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"Tidak, saya tidak mahu pagar keselamatan."
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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Saya katakan. "Mustahil."
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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Namun dia memberi pendapat "Bagaimana
jikalau diletakkan jaring di penjuru bumbung?
jikalau diletakkan jaring di penjuru bumbung?
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
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Jadi, ia akan menghalang pelajar
dari jatuh ke tanah?"
dari jatuh ke tanah?"
00:57
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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Saya katakan, "Itu mustahil."
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
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Dan sudah pasti,
pihak berkuasa akan berkata,
pihak berkuasa akan berkata,
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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"Sudah semestinya kamu mesti
mewujudkan tempat pemegang."
mewujudkan tempat pemegang."
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
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Tetapi kita masih lagi boleh
menggunakan idea itu di keliling pokok.
menggunakan idea itu di keliling pokok.
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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Terdapat tiga pokok menembusi atap ini.
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
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Dan kami dibenarkan memanggil
jaringan tali ini sebagai tempat pemegang,
jaringan tali ini sebagai tempat pemegang,
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
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Tetapi sudah pasti, tali ini tidak akan
mengapa-apakan mereka.
mengapa-apakan mereka.
01:26
They fall into the net.
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Mereka jatuh ke dalam jaringan tali.
01:29
And you get more,
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Ramai bermain di situ,
01:32
and more,
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dan lebih ramai,
01:35
more.
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dan semakin ramai.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
Ada kalanya 40 orang kanak-kanak
bermain disekitar pokok.
bermain disekitar pokok.
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
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Budak lelaki di dahan pokok,
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
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dia sayangkan pokok tersebut,
jadi dia makan pokok itu.
jadi dia makan pokok itu.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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Jika ada acara,
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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mereka duduk di pinggir.
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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Sangat menarik jika dilihat dari bawah.
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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Monyet di zoo.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
02:04
Feeding time.
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Masa untuk makan.
02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
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(Ketawa)
(Tepukan)
(Tepukan)
Dan kami bina atap tersebut
serendah mungkin,
serendah mungkin,
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
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kerana kami ingin melihat
kanak-kanak yang berada di atas atap,
kanak-kanak yang berada di atas atap,
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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bukan sahaja yang berada di bawah atap.
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
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Dan jika atap terlalu tinggi,
anda hanya akan melihat siling.
anda hanya akan melihat siling.
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
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Dan tempat membasuh kaki --
terdapat banyak tempat yang ada pili air.
terdapat banyak tempat yang ada pili air.
Ia pili jenis boleh lentur,
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
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dan jika mereka ingin sembur air
pada rakan mereka,
pada rakan mereka,
02:37
and the shower,
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dan semburan tersebut,
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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dan yang paling hadapan agak normal.
02:41
But if you look at this,
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Tapi jika anda lihat yang ini,
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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kanak-kanak tersebut
bukannya membasuh kasut but,
bukannya membasuh kasut but,
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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tetapi memasukkan air
ke dalam kasutnya.
ke dalam kasutnya.
02:46
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
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Tadika ini dibuka sepenuhnya,
sepanjang tahun.
sepanjang tahun.
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
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Dan disini tiada batasan
antara dalam dan luar.
antara dalam dan luar.
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
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Jadi maksud pada asasnya
seni bina ini sebenarnya atap.
seni bina ini sebenarnya atap.
Dan juga tiada halangan
antara kelas.
antara kelas.
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
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03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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Jadi tiada halangan bunyi langsung.
Apabila anda letakkan ramai kanak-kanak
di dalam kotak yang senyap,
di dalam kotak yang senyap,
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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ada antara mereka akan gusar.
Tetapi di tadika ini,
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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tiada alasan untuk rasa gusar.
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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Kerana tiada halangan,
Pengetua berkata,
03:33
And the principal says
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03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
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jika ada kanak-kanak di penjuru
tidak mahu berada di kelas,
tidak mahu berada di kelas,
03:39
we let him go.
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kami lepaskan dia pergi.
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
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Dia akan kembali tanpa disedari, kerana
ia bulat, pasti kembali.
ia bulat, pasti kembali.
03:44
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
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Tetapi tujuannya adalah,
di dalam keadaan sebegitu,
di dalam keadaan sebegitu,
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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kebiasannya kanak-kanak akan
menyorok di mana-mana.
menyorok di mana-mana.
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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Tetapi disini, dia pergi
dan kembali semula.
dan kembali semula.
03:58
It's a natural process.
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Ia berlaku secara alami.
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
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Keduanya, kami mengambil berat
terhadap pentingnya kebisingan.
terhadap pentingnya kebisingan.
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
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Anda tahu kanak-kanak
akan lebih nyenyak di dalam kebisingan.
akan lebih nyenyak di dalam kebisingan.
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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Mereka tidak tidur di tempat yang sunyi.
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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Di tadika ini,
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
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kanak-kanak ini menunjukkan
tumpuan yang bagus di dalam kelas.
tumpuan yang bagus di dalam kelas.
Anda tahu, kita dibesarkan
di dalam hutan yang bising.
di dalam hutan yang bising.
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
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04:33
They need noise.
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Mereka perlukan kebisingan.
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
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Dan kamu tahu, anda boleh berbual
dengan rakan anda di dalam bar yang bising.
dengan rakan anda di dalam bar yang bising.
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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Anda tak sepatutnya berdiam diri.
04:43
And you know, these days
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Masa kini
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
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kita cuba pastikan
semuanya terkawal.
semuanya terkawal.
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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Anda tahu, ia sepenuhnya terbuka.
04:54
And you should know that
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Anda patut tahu
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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kita boleh main ski pada suhu -20 selsius
waktu musim sejuk.
waktu musim sejuk.
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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Musim panas anda berenang.
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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Suhu pasir 50 darjah.
Kita tahan.
Kita tahan.
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
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Anda juga patut tahu
anda kalis air.
anda kalis air.
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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Anda tidak akan cair di dalam hujan.
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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Jadi pelajar sepatutnya berada di luar.
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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Jadi itu yang sepatutnya kita lakukan.
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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Ini cara mereka membahagikan kelas.
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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Mereka sepatutnya membantu guru.
05:27
They don't.
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Tapi tidak.
(Ketawa)
05:29
(Laughter)
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Saya tak letak dia di dalam.
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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Sebuah kelas.
05:39
A classroom.
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Sinki.
05:42
And a washbasin.
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05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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Mereka berbual sesama mereka
keliling sinki.
keliling sinki.
Akan ada pokok di dalam kelas.
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
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05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
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Seekor monyet cuba untuk menarik perhatian
monyet yang lain dari atas.
monyet yang lain dari atas.
05:59
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
06:01
Monkeys.
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Monyet.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
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Setiap kelas akan ada satu
atap tembus cahaya.
atap tembus cahaya.
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
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Di sini tempat Santa Claus
turun apabila Krismas tiba.
turun apabila Krismas tiba.
Ini adalah bangunan annex.
06:19
This is the annex building,
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di sebelah kanannya
tadika berbentuk bujur.
tadika berbentuk bujur.
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
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06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
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Bangunan ini hanya
setinggi lima meter dengan tujuh tingkat.
setinggi lima meter dengan tujuh tingkat.
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
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Dan sudah pasti,
ketinggian siling sangat rendah.
ketinggian siling sangat rendah.
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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Jadi keselamatan perlu dititikberatkan.
Jadi, kami letakkan anak kami,
lelaki dan perempuan.
lelaki dan perempuan.
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
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06:43
They tried to go in.
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Mereka berusaha untuk masuk.
06:47
He hit his head.
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Kepalanya terhantuk.
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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Dia okey.
Tengkoraknya agak kuat.
Tengkoraknya agak kuat.
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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Dia mampu pulih. Dia anak lelaki saya.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
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Dia mengagak:
adakah selamat untuk melompat?
adakah selamat untuk melompat?
07:05
And then we put other children.
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Kemudian kami letakkan kanak-kanak lain.
Kesesakan sangat teruk
di Tokyo, seperti anda tahu.
di Tokyo, seperti anda tahu.
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
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07:15
(Laughter)
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[Ketawa]
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
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Pemandunya di hadapan,
dia perlu belajar untuk memandu.
dia perlu belajar untuk memandu.
07:21
Now these days,
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Masa kini,
kanak-kanak perlukan
sedikit perasaan bahaya.
sedikit perasaan bahaya.
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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Dan dalam keadaan ini,
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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mereka akan belajar untuk
membantu satu sama lain.
membantu satu sama lain.
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
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Inilah masyarakat. Inilah peluang
yang kita hilang masa kini.
yang kita hilang masa kini.
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
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Sekarang, lukisan menunjukkan
pergerakan seorang budak lelaki.
pergerakan seorang budak lelaki.
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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antara pukul 9.10 dan 9.30 pagi.
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
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Ukurlilit bangunan ini ialah 183 meter.
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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Jadi ia tidaklah kecil.
Dan kanak-kanak lelaki ini berlari
6,000 meter pada sebelah pagi.
6,000 meter pada sebelah pagi.
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
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08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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Tetapi perkara yang mengejutkan
belum diberitahu.
belum diberitahu.
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
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Kanak-kanak di tadika ini
secara puratanya bergerak 4,000 meter.
secara puratanya bergerak 4,000 meter.
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
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Mereka mempunyai tahap
kecergasan yang tinggi
kecergasan yang tinggi
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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dibandingkan dengan tadika yang lain.
08:43
The principal says,
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"Pengetua berkata,
08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
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"Saya tidak melatih mereka.
Kami tinggalkan mereka di atas atap.
Kami tinggalkan mereka di atas atap.
08:51
Just like sheep."
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Seperti berbiri."
08:52
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
08:54
They keep running.
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Mereka tak berhenti berlari.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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Saranan saya, jangan mengawal mereka,
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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jangan terlampau melindungi mereka,
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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dan ada kalanya mereka tersembam.
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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Mereka perlukan sedikit kecederaan.
09:14
And that makes them learn
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Dan ini akan mendidik mereka
09:17
how to live in this world.
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cara untuk hidup di dunia ini.
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
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Saya merasakan senibina mampu
mengubah dunia,
mengubah dunia,
dan kehidupan manusia.
09:31
and people's lives.
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09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
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Ini salah satu cubaan untuk
merubah kehidupan kanak-kanak.
merubah kehidupan kanak-kanak.
09:40
Thank you very much.
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Terima kasih.
09:42
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
More profile about the speakerTakaharu Tezuka | Speaker | TED.com