TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
手塚貴晴: 前所未見的最好的幼兒園
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在東京的這所學校，五歲大的小孩引發交通阻塞，還有為聖誕老人而設的天窗。來看看：世界上最可愛的幼兒園，設計師為手塚貴晴。在這別開生面的演講中，他將我們帶入讓孩子享受童真的設計之旅。
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
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2007年我們設計了這一個幼兒園
00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
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我們將幼兒園設計成環帶狀
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
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樓頂環狀循環，沒有盡頭
00:29
If you are a parent,
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要是你有孩子
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
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你就知道，小孩子喜歡兜圈
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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這就是樓頂外觀。
00:39
And why did we design this?
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為什麼我們這樣設計？
00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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幼兒園園長說：
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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「我不想要欄杆」
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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我說：這不可能啊
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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但他堅持說：
「要不在樓頂兩邊安裝一張網？」
「要不在樓頂兩邊安裝一張網？」
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
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「這樣就可以接住掉下來的孩子」
00:57
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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我說：這不可能
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
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當然政府官員說：
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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「欄杆是必須要有的。」
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
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但我們可以將網用在樹邊
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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這裡突出來三棵樹
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
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而且我們可以把把邊上的繩子叫欄杆
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
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但當然绳子本身與欄杆無關
01:26
They fall into the net.
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小孩掉進網裡
01:29
And you get more,
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然後又有更多的小孩去
01:32
and more,
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還有更多
01:35
more.
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更多
01:36
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
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有時樹邊會有40個小孩
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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樹幹上的那個男孩
01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
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他很喜歡那棵樹
所以他在吃那棵樹
所以他在吃那棵樹
01:47
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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要是有活動
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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孩子們會坐在樓頂邊上
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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從下往上看真不錯
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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動物園的猴子
02:00
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
02:04
Feeding time.
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餵食時間
02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
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「笑聲」
「掌聲」
「掌聲」
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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我們盡量把樓頂設計得低一點
02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
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因為我們希望看到樓頂的孩子
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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孩子不會祗留在樓底
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
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樓頂太高的話，就祗能看到天花板
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
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這是洗腳的地方
這裡有很多水龍頭
這裡有很多水龍頭
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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大家看見那些活動水管
02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
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要是你想要往朋友身上灑水
02:37
and the shower,
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還有沐浴噴頭
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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相片中的水龍頭很普通
02:41
But if you look at this,
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但要是大家仔細看
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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這小男孩不是在洗靴子
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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他在將水灌進靴子裡
02:46
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
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一年裡，這個幼兒園大部分時間都是完全開放的
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
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戶內和戶外沒有限界
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
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簡單來說，這個建築物就祗是一個屋頂
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
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課室和課室之間也沒有限界
03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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所以這裡也沒有聲音的限界
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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把那麼多孩子
放在一個安靜的箱子裡
放在一個安靜的箱子裡
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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有些孩子會覺得很緊張
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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但是在這所幼兒園裡
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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孩子們不會覺得緊張
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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因為這裡沒有限界
03:33
And the principal says
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幼兒園園長說：
03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
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要是邊上的男孩不想呆在室內
03:39
we let him go.
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我們就讓他出去
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
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他會回來的
這裡就一個圓圈，總會繞回來
這裡就一個圓圈，總會繞回來
03:44
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
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重點是：在類似的情況下
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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孩子一般會試著躲起來
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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但在這裡他們跑開了又會回來
03:58
It's a natural process.
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非常自然的過程
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
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第二，我們認為噪音很重要
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
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大家知道，小孩在噪音中睡得更香
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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他們在安靜的環境下睡不著
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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在這個幼兒園
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
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這些小孩在課堂裡表現出驚人的集中力
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
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大家知道，我們的祖先是在森林噪音中成長的
04:33
They need noise.
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孩子們需要噪音
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
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大家可以在嘈雜的酒吧裡與朋友聊天
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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大家不應該停留在無聲狀態
04:43
And you know, these days
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大家也知道，現在
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
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大家都在不斷嘗試控制所有事物
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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這裡是完全開放的
04:54
And you should know that
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大家也應該知道
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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冬天零下20度我們出去滑冰
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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夏天就去游泳
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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沙子溫度有50度
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
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大家也應該知道：我們是防水的
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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你不會在雨中溶掉
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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所以孩子們是應該留在戶外的
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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我們就應該這樣對待孩子
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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這就是孩子們隔分課室的方式
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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他們本應該幫助老師的
05:27
They don't.
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他們…不幫
05:29
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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不是我把他放進去的
05:39
A classroom.
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課室
05:42
And a washbasin.
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還有洗手盆
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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他們在洗手盆邊聊天
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
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課室裡總會有些樹
05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
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一隻猴子試著把另一隻猴子釣上去
05:59
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
06:01
Monkeys.
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猴子
06:02
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
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每個課室至少有一個天窗
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
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聖誕節裡聖誕老人就是從這裡下來的
06:19
This is the annex building,
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這是附樓
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
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就在橢圓形幼兒園旁邊
06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
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這座建築衹有5米高，共七層
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
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當然天花高度很低
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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所以你必須考慮安全問題
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
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我們放入我們的孩子
一個男孩，一個女孩
一個男孩，一個女孩
06:43
They tried to go in.
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他們試著跑進去
06:47
He hit his head.
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他撞到頭了
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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他沒事，頭顱很結實
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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他復原能力很強，我的兒子
06:58
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
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他在看跳下去安不安全
07:05
And then we put other children.
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然後我們放入其他小孩
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
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大家知道，東京交通阻塞相當嚴重
07:15
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
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前方司機，她需要學習如何駕駛
07:21
Now these days,
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現今
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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小孩子需要嘗試一些輕微危險的滋味
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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在這種情況下
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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他們學會互相幫助
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
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這就是小社會。
而我們現今的社會正缺少這樣的（教育）機會
而我們現今的社會正缺少這樣的（教育）機會
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
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這幅圖顯示一個小男孩的活動範圍
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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時間段是9：10至9：30
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
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這座建築圓周為183米
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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所以一點也不小
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
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這個男孩在早上跑了6000米
08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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更讓人驚奇的還在後面
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
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這個幼兒園的孩子平均跑4000米
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
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這些小孩跟其他許多幼兒園的小孩相比
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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有最高的運動能力
08:43
The principal says,
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幼兒園園長說：
08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
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「我不去訓練他們。
我們把他們放在樓頂。」
我們把他們放在樓頂。」
08:51
Just like sheep."
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「就像羊群一樣」
08:52
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
08:54
They keep running.
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他們一直跑
08:56
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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我的觀點是：不要去控制他們
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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不要過分保護他們
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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他們有時需要跌倒
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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也需要受一點傷
09:14
And that makes them learn
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那樣會讓他們學習
09:17
how to live in this world.
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如果在這個世界生存
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
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我認為建築是能夠改變這個世界的
09:31
and people's lives.
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建築能改變人們的生活
09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
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這也是改變孩子們生活的一種嘗試
09:40
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝
09:42
(Applause)
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「掌聲」
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
More profile about the speakerTakaharu Tezuka | Speaker | TED.com