TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
Takaharu Tezuka: Najlepšia škôlka, akú ste kedy videli
Filmed:
Readability: 2.4
5,156,281 views
V tejto škôlke v Tokiu päťročné deti vytvárajú dopravné zápchy a okná slúžia na to, aby cez ne mohol vojsť dnu Santa Claus. Navštívte najmilšiu škôlku na svete, ktorú navrhol architekt Takaharu Tezuka. V tejto príjemnej prezentácii nás prevedie svojím tvorivým procesom, v ktorom deti zostávajú naozaj deťmi.
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
0
6042
3698
Toto je škôlka,
ktorú sme navrhli v roku 2007.
ktorú sme navrhli v roku 2007.
00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
1
10111
3925
Postavili sme ju do kruhu.
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
2
14036
3142
Ide o takú nekonečnú
okrúhlu dráhu na streche.
okrúhlu dráhu na streche.
00:29
If you are a parent,
3
17179
2520
Ak máte deti,
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
4
19699
3964
viete, že tie radi behajú do kruhu.
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
5
24793
2807
Takto vyzerá strecha.
00:39
And why did we design this?
6
27600
2258
Prečo sme ju navrhli takýmto spôsobom?
00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
7
29858
2817
Riaditeľ tejto škôlky mi povedal:
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
8
32675
2579
„Nechcem žiadne zábradlie.“
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
9
35254
2229
A ja na to: „To je vylúčené.“
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
10
37483
6294
Ale on si trval na svojom:
„Čo keby z okraja strechy visela sieť,
„Čo keby z okraja strechy visela sieť,
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
11
43777
2209
ktorá zachytí deti, čo spadnú?“
00:57
(Laughter)
12
45986
1447
(smiech)
Povedal som mu: „To nie je možné.“
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
13
47433
2076
Štátny kontrolór tiež prehlásil:
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
14
49970
2919
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
15
52889
3265
„Samozrejme, že tam musíte mať zábradlie.“
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
16
58324
3519
Tento nápad sme však mohli
použiť okolo stromov.
použiť okolo stromov.
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
17
61843
3277
V areáli škôlky rastú tri stromy,
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
18
65120
5625
a toto lano sme mohli nazvať zábradlím.
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
19
70745
3272
Lano deti aj tak vôbec nezaujíma,
01:26
They fall into the net.
20
74017
2486
padajú rovno do siete.
A je ich stále viac
01:29
And you get more,
21
77304
3051
01:32
and more,
22
80355
2937
a viac
01:35
more.
23
83292
1210
a viac.
01:36
(Laughter)
24
84502
1151
(smiech)
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
25
85653
3550
Niekedy ich je okolo stromu aj štyridsať.
Ten chlapec na konári
01:43
The boy on the branch,
26
91733
1248
01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
27
92981
2483
má ten strom tak rád, že by ho až zjedol.
01:47
(Laughter)
28
95464
2500
(smiech)
01:50
And at the time of an event,
29
98984
1801
Keď majú v škôlke nejaké podujatie,
01:52
they sit on the edge.
30
100785
2266
vysedávajú po okraji.
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
31
104191
2372
Zdola to vyzerá tak krásne.
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
32
106563
2089
Úplne ako opičky v zoo.
02:00
(Laughter)
33
108652
3900
(smiech)
02:04
Feeding time.
34
112552
1766
Kŕmenie.
02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
35
114318
4631
(smiech) (potlesk)
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
36
120784
2529
Strechu sme postavili
čo najnižšie, ako sa dalo,
čo najnižšie, ako sa dalo,
02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
37
123313
4444
chceli sme deti vidieť aj na nej,
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
38
127757
2681
nielen pod ňou.
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
39
130438
3861
Ak je strecha príliš vysoká,
vidíme len strop.
vidíme len strop.
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
40
135699
4516
V priestore na oplachovanie nôh
sú rôzne kohútiky.
sú rôzne kohútiky.
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
41
140656
1778
S tými ohybnými máte chuť
02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
42
142434
2895
ostriekať kamarátov,
02:37
and the shower,
43
145329
1715
je tam aj sprcha.
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
44
147044
2497
Tento kohútik vpredu
vyzerá úplne normálne,
vyzerá úplne normálne,
02:41
But if you look at this,
45
149541
1546
ale lepšie sa pozrite.
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
46
151087
1830
Chlapec si gumáky neumýva,
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
47
152917
1674
nalieva si do nich vodu.
02:46
(Laughter)
48
154591
1940
(smiech)
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
49
161423
5076
Táto škôlka je takmer celý rok
úplne otvorená
úplne otvorená
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
50
167699
3640
a medzi vnútrom a vonkajškom
nie sú žiadne hranice.
nie sú žiadne hranice.
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
51
171339
4639
V architektúre to znamená,
že je to v podstate iba strecha.
že je to v podstate iba strecha.
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
52
175978
3289
Triedy tiež nie sú od seba oddelené,
03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
53
179267
3594
tým pádom ani akusticky.
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
54
183590
5825
Keď strčíte veľa detí do tichej klietky,
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
55
189415
3318
niektoré z nich znervóznejú.
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
56
192733
2252
V tejto škôlke však
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
57
194985
3430
na to nemajú dôvod,
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
58
198415
2810
lebo tu nie sú žiadne hranice.
03:33
And the principal says
59
201225
2197
Riaditeľ hovorí:
03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
60
203422
4003
„Ak chlapec, ktorý je v kúte,
nechce zostať v triede,
nechce zostať v triede,
03:39
we let him go.
61
207425
1695
necháme ho odísť.
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
62
209120
3159
On sa zase vráti.
Je to kruh, vždy sa vráti.“
Je to kruh, vždy sa vráti.“
03:44
(Laughter)
63
212279
1962
(smiech)
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
64
216561
2995
Dôležité je, že v týchto prípadoch
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
65
219556
2851
sa väčšinou deti snažia niekde skryť.
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
66
222407
4579
Tu však nie, iba odídu a zase sa vrátia.
03:58
It's a natural process.
67
226986
1850
Je to prirodzený proces.
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
68
228836
5023
Okrem toho si myslíme,
že hluk je veľmi dôležitý.
že hluk je veľmi dôležitý.
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
69
235711
6431
Viete o tom, že deťom sa v ňom spí lepšie.
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
70
242142
3844
Oni nespia v tichom prostredí.
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
71
245986
2250
A deti v tejto škôlke
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
72
248236
5247
preukazujú na vyučovaní
úžasnú sústredenosť.
úžasnú sústredenosť.
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
73
255193
6467
Viete, naši predkovia
vyrastali v džungli so zvukmi.
vyrastali v džungli so zvukmi.
04:33
They need noise.
74
261660
2003
Potrebujeme hluk.
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
75
263663
4304
Aj v hlučnom bare sa môžete
s priateľmi rozprávať.
s priateľmi rozprávať.
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
76
267967
3961
Nie sme stvorení na život v tichu.
04:43
And you know, these days
77
271928
2167
Viete, v súčasnosti
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
78
274095
4474
sa snažíme mať všetko pod kontrolou,
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
79
280219
1802
ale tu je všetko úplne otvorené.
04:54
And you should know that
80
282021
3012
Mali by ste vedieť,
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
81
285033
5785
že sa v zime môžeme lyžovať,
aj keď je vonku -20 °C.
aj keď je vonku -20 °C.
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
82
290818
3104
V lete sa ideme kúpať
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
83
293922
1844
a piesok má 50 °C.
To sme my, ľudia.
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
84
296636
3393
A takisto by ste mali vedieť,
že sme vodovzdorní,
že sme vodovzdorní,
05:12
You never melt in rain.
85
300029
3152
v daždi sa neroztopíme.
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
86
303181
3869
Takže deti majú byť vonku,
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
87
307050
3201
a tak by sme sa k nim mali správať.
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
88
310251
2672
Takto si rozdeľujú triedy.
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
89
312923
2503
Mali by pomáhať učiteľom,
05:27
They don't.
90
315426
2305
ale nepomáhajú.
05:29
(Laughter)
91
317731
1615
(smiech)
05:35
I didn't put him in.
92
323226
2156
Ja som ho tam nevopchal.
05:39
A classroom.
93
327522
2184
Trieda
05:42
And a washbasin.
94
330196
1909
a umývadlo.
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
95
332655
3277
Spolu si pri studni poklebetia.
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
96
337082
3737
V každej triede je nejaký strom.
05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
97
343969
3408
Opička sa snaží zhora
uloviť ďalšiu opičku.
uloviť ďalšiu opičku.
05:59
(Laughter)
98
347377
1848
(smiech)
06:01
Monkeys.
99
349225
1604
Opičky.
06:02
(Laughter)
100
350829
1454
(smiech)
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
101
352283
4415
Každá trieda má aspoň jedno strešné okno.
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
102
357468
3997
Tadiaľ chodí cez Vianoce Santa Claus.
06:19
This is the annex building,
103
367255
2427
Toto je vedľajšia budova,
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
104
369682
4469
nachádza sa hneď vedľa oválnej škôlky.
06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
105
374151
5659
Je vysoká iba 5 metrov a má až 7 poschodí.
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
106
379810
2161
Samozrejme, že aj strop je veľmi nízky,
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
107
381971
4065
takže si musíte dávať pozor.
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
108
386036
4381
Poslali sme tam naše deti, dcéru aj syna.
06:43
They tried to go in.
109
391707
2534
Chceli vliezť dovnútra.
06:47
He hit his head.
110
395731
2622
Chlapec si buchol hlavu.
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
111
399343
3969
Je v poriadku. Má tvrdú lebku.
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
112
403312
3088
Niečo vydrží. Je to môj syn.
06:58
(Laughter)
113
406400
1668
(smiech)
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
114
409038
2860
Snaží sa zistiť, či môže
bezpečne zoskočiť.
bezpečne zoskočiť.
07:05
And then we put other children.
115
413038
2667
A potom sme tam poslali ďalšie deti.
Viete o tom, že v Tokiu
bývajú hrozné zápchy.
bývajú hrozné zápchy.
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
116
420835
2541
07:15
(Laughter)
117
423376
1152
(smiech)
Tá vodička vpredu sa musí naučiť,
ako šoférovať.
ako šoférovať.
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
118
424528
4851
07:21
Now these days,
119
429379
2531
V súčasnosti
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
120
431910
4620
deti potrebujú malú dávku nebezpečenstva.
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
121
438970
2405
V týchto situáciách
07:33
they learn to help each other.
122
441375
3925
sa učia navzájom si pomáhať.
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
123
445300
4435
Toto je spoločnosť.
Toto je presne tá príležitosť,
o ktorú dnes prichádzame.
o ktorú dnes prichádzame.
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
124
456065
6911
Tento náčrt ukazuje pohyb jedného chlapca
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
125
462976
6324
v čase medzi 9:10 a 9:30.
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
126
469300
6201
Obvod tejto budovy má 183 metrov,
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
127
475501
3852
čo ani náhodou nie je málo.
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
128
479353
4606
Tento chlapec dnes ráno
nabehal 6 000 metrov.
nabehal 6 000 metrov.
08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
129
483959
3592
Prekvapenie ale ešte iba príde.
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
130
487551
6697
Deti v tejto škôlke prejdú
priemerne 4 kilometre.
priemerne 4 kilometre.
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
131
495455
6980
Tieto deti majú najlepšie
športové schopnosti
športové schopnosti
08:34
among many kindergartens.
132
502435
3155
spomedzi mnohých škôlok.
08:43
The principal says,
133
511390
1626
Riaditeľ hovorí:
08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
134
513016
5727
„My ich netrénujeme.
Iba ich nechávame na streche.“
Iba ich nechávame na streche.“
08:51
Just like sheep."
135
519353
1619
Presne ako ovce.
08:52
(Laughter)
136
520972
1429
(smiech)
08:54
They keep running.
137
522401
1829
Stále iba utekajú.
08:56
(Laughter)
138
524230
2029
(smiech)
08:58
My point is don't control them,
139
526779
5059
Chcem tým povedať,
aby ste ich nekontrolovali.
aby ste ich nekontrolovali.
09:03
don't protect them too much,
140
531838
3222
Príliš ich neochraňujte,
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
141
535060
3627
občas potrebujú spadnúť,
09:10
They need to get some injury.
142
538687
3786
trošku sa poraniť.
09:14
And that makes them learn
143
542473
3419
Vďaka tomu sa naučia,
09:17
how to live in this world.
144
545892
3136
ako žiť v tomto svete.
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
145
551848
7209
Myslím si, že architektúra
je schopná zmeniť svet
je schopná zmeniť svet
09:31
and people's lives.
146
559057
1842
a ľudské životy.
09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
147
561909
6082
A toto je jeden z pokusov,
ako zmeniť život deťom.
ako zmeniť život deťom.
09:40
Thank you very much.
148
568481
1652
Ďakujem veľmi pekne.
(potlesk)
09:42
(Applause)
149
570158
1994
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
More profile about the speakerTakaharu Tezuka | Speaker | TED.com