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Sandrine Thuret: You can grow new brain cells. Here's how
Sandrine Thuret: Pódenche medrar novas neuronas. Aquí tes como.
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É posible que nos adultos medren novas neuronas? A neurocientífica Sandrine Thuret afirma que é posible, e presenta datos de investigación e consellos prácticos sobre como podemos axudar ao noso cerebro na neuroxénese, mellorar o estado de ánimo, aumentar a formación de memorias e previr o declive asociado coa idade.
Sandrine Thuret - Neural stem cell researcher
Sandrine Thuret studies the way adult brains create new nerve cells in the hippocampus -- a brain area involved in memory and mood. Full bio
Sandrine Thuret studies the way adult brains create new nerve cells in the hippocampus -- a brain area involved in memory and mood. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
É posible que os adultos fagamos
que nos medren novas neuronas?
que nos medren novas neuronas?
00:13
Can we, as adults, grow new nerve cells?
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00:19
There's still some confusion
about that question,
about that question,
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Aínda hai certa incertidume
sobre este asunto,
sobre este asunto,
00:22
as this is a fairly new field of research.
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en tanto que é unha área de
investigación moi novidosa.
investigación moi novidosa.
00:25
For example, I was talking
to one of my colleagues, Robert,
to one of my colleagues, Robert,
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Por exemplo, falando cun
colega meu, Robert,
colega meu, Robert,
00:28
who is an oncologist,
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un oncólogo,
00:30
and he was telling me,
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comentábame,
00:32
"Sandrine, this is puzzling.
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"Sandrine, isto é desconcertante.
00:33
Some of my patients that have been told
they are cured of their cancer
they are cured of their cancer
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Algúns pacientes meus, logo de saber
que están curados dun cancro
que están curados dun cancro
00:38
still develop symptoms of depression."
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aínda desenvolven síntomas de depresión".
00:41
And I responded to him,
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E eu respondinlle,
00:42
"Well, from my point of view
that makes sense.
that makes sense.
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"Ben, na miña opinión iso ten lóxica.
00:45
The drug you give to your patients
that stops the cancer cells multiplying
that stops the cancer cells multiplying
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A droga que lle dás, que frea a
proliferación das células cancerosas
proliferación das células cancerosas
00:49
also stops the newborn neurons
being generated in their brain."
being generated in their brain."
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tamén frea o nacemento
de neuronas no cerebro.
de neuronas no cerebro.
00:55
And then Robert looked at me
like I was crazy and said,
like I was crazy and said,
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E Robert quedou a mirar para min
como se eu tolease e dixo,
como se eu tolease e dixo,
00:58
"But Sandrine, these are adult patients --
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"Pero Sandrine, son pacientes adultos,
01:00
adults do not grow new nerve cells."
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aos adultos non nos medran
neuronas novas."
neuronas novas."
01:04
And much to his surprise, I said,
"Well actually, we do."
"Well actually, we do."
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E, para as súa sorpresa, díxenlle,
"Medránnos, si".
"Medránnos, si".
01:09
And this is a phenomenon
that we call neurogenesis.
that we call neurogenesis.
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E isto é o que chamamos
neuroxénese.
neuroxénese.
01:13
[Neurogenesis]
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[Neuroxénese]
01:15
Now Robert is not a neuroscientist,
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Pero Robert non é neurocientífico;
01:18
and when he went to medical school
he was not taught what we know now --
he was not taught what we know now --
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e cando el estudaba Medicina
non se ensinaba o que sabemos agora:
non se ensinaba o que sabemos agora:
01:23
that the adult brain
can generate new nerve cells.
can generate new nerve cells.
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que o cerebro adulto pode xerar
novas células nerviosas.
novas células nerviosas.
01:29
So Robert, you know,
being the good doctor that he is,
being the good doctor that he is,
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Así que Robert, como bo
científico que é
científico que é
01:33
wanted to come to my lab
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quixo vir ao meu laboratorio
01:35
to understand the topic
a little bit better.
a little bit better.
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para entender isto un pouco mellor.
01:38
And I took him for a tour
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E leveino nunha visita guiada
01:41
of one of the most exciting
parts of the brain
parts of the brain
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a unha das partes máis
excitantes do cerebro
excitantes do cerebro
01:44
when it comes to neurogenesis --
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no que a neuroxénese se refire:
01:46
and this is the hippocampus.
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ao hipocampo.
01:49
So this is this gray structure
in the center of the brain.
in the center of the brain.
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Esta estrutura gris no centro do cerebro.
01:53
And what we've known already
for very long,
for very long,
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E da que sabemos hai tempo
01:56
is that this is important for learning,
memory, mood and emotion.
memory, mood and emotion.
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que é importante para a aprendizaxe,
a memoria, o estado de ánimo e a emoción.
a memoria, o estado de ánimo e a emoción.
02:01
However, what we
have learned more recently
have learned more recently
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Sen embargo, o que sabemos
só desde hai pouco
só desde hai pouco
02:04
is that this is one of the unique
structures of the adult brain
structures of the adult brain
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é que é unha das únicas estruturas
do cerebro adulto
do cerebro adulto
02:09
where new neurons can be generated.
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onde se poden xerar novas neuronas.
02:12
And if we slice through the hippocampus
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Se seccionamos o hipocampo
02:14
and zoom in,
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e miramos nel con aumento,
02:16
what you actually see here in blue
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o que poden ver aqui en azul
02:18
is a newborn neuron
in an adult mouse brain.
in an adult mouse brain.
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é unha neurona recén nacida
nun cerebro de rato adulto.
nun cerebro de rato adulto.
02:24
So when it comes to the human brain --
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No caso do cerebro humano,
02:27
my colleague Jonas Frisén
from the Karolinska Institutet,
from the Karolinska Institutet,
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o meu colega Jonas Frisén
do Instituto Karolinska,
do Instituto Karolinska,
02:31
has estimated that we produce
700 new neurons per day
700 new neurons per day
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ten estimado que producimos
700 neuronas novas ao día
700 neuronas novas ao día
02:37
in the hippocampus.
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no hipocampo.
02:39
You might think this is not much,
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Poden pensar que non son moitas,
02:40
compared to the billions
of neurons we have.
of neurons we have.
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comparadas cos miles de millóns
de neuronas que temos.
de neuronas que temos.
02:43
But by the time we turn 50,
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Pero aos cincuenta anos,
02:46
we will have all exchanged the neurons
we were born with in that structure
we were born with in that structure
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teremos renovado todas as neuronas
desta estrutura coas que nacimos
desta estrutura coas que nacimos
02:51
with adult-born neurons.
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con neuronas nacidas sendo adultos.
02:55
So why are these new neurons important
and what are their functions?
and what are their functions?
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Entón, por que son importantes estas
novas neuronas e que funcións cumpren?
novas neuronas e que funcións cumpren?
03:01
First, we know that they're important
for learning and memory.
for learning and memory.
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Primeiro, sabemos que son importantes
para a aprendizaxe e a memoria.
para a aprendizaxe e a memoria.
03:05
And in the lab we have shown
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E no laboratorio temos amosado
03:06
that if we block the ability
of the adult brain
of the adult brain
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que se bloqueamos a capacidade
do cerebro adulto
do cerebro adulto
03:09
to produce new neurons in the hippocampus,
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para producir novas neuronas no hipocampo,
03:12
then we block certain memory abilities.
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bloquéanse certas capacidades de memoria.
03:15
And this is especially new and true
for spatial recognition --
for spatial recognition --
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E isto é especialmente novidoso e certo
no caso do recoñecemento espacial,
no caso do recoñecemento espacial,
03:22
so like, how you navigate
your way in the city.
your way in the city.
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ou sexa, como recorremos
o noso camiño pola cidade.
o noso camiño pola cidade.
03:26
We are still learning a lot,
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Aínda estamos a aprender moito,
e as neuronas son importantes
non só para a capacidade de memoria,
non só para a capacidade de memoria,
03:27
and neurons are not only important
for memory capacity,
for memory capacity,
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03:30
but also for the quality of the memory.
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senón tamén para a súa calidade.
03:33
And they will have been helpful
to add time to our memory
to add time to our memory
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E son de axuda para engadir
tempo á nosa memoria
tempo á nosa memoria
03:37
and they will help differentiate
very similar memories, like:
very similar memories, like:
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e tamén para diferenciar entre
memorias moi parecidas, a saber:
memorias moi parecidas, a saber:
03:42
how do you find your bike
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como atopas a túa bicicleta
03:44
that you park at the station
every day in the same area,
every day in the same area,
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que aparcas na estación
todos os días na mesma zona,
todos os días na mesma zona,
03:48
but in a slightly different position?
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pero en lugares lixeiramente distintos?
03:52
And more interesting
to my colleague Robert
to my colleague Robert
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E o que é máis interesante
para o meu colega Robert
para o meu colega Robert
03:54
is the research we have been doing
on neurogenesis and depression.
on neurogenesis and depression.
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é a investigación que estamos a facer
sobre neuroxénese e depresión.
sobre neuroxénese e depresión.
04:00
So in an animal model of depression,
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Así, nun modelo animal da depresión,
04:01
we have seen that we have
a lower level of neurogenesis.
a lower level of neurogenesis.
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temos atopado que se dá un
baixo nivel de neuroxénese.
baixo nivel de neuroxénese.
04:06
And if we give antidepressants,
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E cando administramos antidepresivos,
04:08
then we increase the production
of these newborn neurons,
of these newborn neurons,
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auméntase a produción
destas novas neuronas,
destas novas neuronas,
04:12
and we decrease
the symptoms of depression,
the symptoms of depression,
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e diminúen os síntomas
de depresión
de depresión
04:15
establishing a clear link
between neurogenesis and depression.
between neurogenesis and depression.
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o que establece unha relación clara
entre neuroxénese e depresión.
entre neuroxénese e depresión.
04:21
But moreover, if you
just block neurogenesis,
just block neurogenesis,
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Pero ademais, bloqueando só
a neuroxénese,
a neuroxénese,
04:25
then you block the efficacy
of the antidepressant.
of the antidepressant.
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bloquéase a eficacia
do antidepresivo.
do antidepresivo.
04:29
So by then, Robert had understood
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Así que para entón, Robert entendera
04:31
that very likely his patients
were suffering from depression
were suffering from depression
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que probablemente os seus
pacientes sufrían de depresión
pacientes sufrían de depresión
04:35
even after being cured of their cancer,
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despois de curarse do cancro,
04:37
because the cancer drug had stopped
newborn neurons from being generated.
newborn neurons from being generated.
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porque o anticanceríxeno detivera
a xeneración de novas neuronas.
a xeneración de novas neuronas.
04:42
And it will take time
to generate new neurons
to generate new neurons
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E precísase un tempo
para xerar novas neuronas
para xerar novas neuronas
04:45
that reach normal functions.
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que acaden as súas funcións normais.
04:49
So, collectively, now we think
we have enough evidence
we have enough evidence
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Así, en conxunto, pensamos
que temos evidencia de abondo
que temos evidencia de abondo
04:54
to say that neurogenesis
is a target of choice
is a target of choice
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para afirmar que a neuroxénese
é unha clara alternativa
é unha clara alternativa
04:57
if we want to improve
memory formation or mood,
memory formation or mood,
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se queremos mellorar a formación
de memorias e o estado anímico,
de memorias e o estado anímico,
05:01
or even prevent the decline
associated with aging,
associated with aging,
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ou mesmo previr o declive
asociado ao avellentamento,
asociado ao avellentamento,
05:05
or associated with stress.
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ou asociado ao estrés.
05:08
So the next question is:
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Xa que logo, a seguinte pregunta é:
05:10
can we control neurogenesis?
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podemos controlar a neuroxénese?
05:13
The answer is yes.
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A resposta é si.
05:14
And we are now going to do a little quiz.
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E agora imos facer unha pequena proba.
05:18
I'm going to give you a set
of behaviors and activities,
of behaviors and activities,
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Voulles indicar unha serie
de condutas e actividades,
de condutas e actividades,
05:21
and you tell me if you think
they will increase neurogenesis
they will increase neurogenesis
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e vanme dicir se pensan
que aumentan a neuroxénese
que aumentan a neuroxénese
05:26
or if they will decrease neurogenesis.
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ou que a diminúen.
05:28
Are we ready?
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Listos?
05:30
OK, let's go.
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OK, imos aló.
05:32
So what about learning?
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Que opinan da aprendizaxe?
05:34
Increasing?
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Auméntaa?
05:35
Yes.
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Si.
05:36
Learning will increase the production
of these new neurons.
of these new neurons.
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Aprender aumentará a produción
destas novas neuronas.
destas novas neuronas.
05:40
How about stress?
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E o estrés?
05:43
Yes, stress will decrease the production
of new neurons in the hippocampus.
of new neurons in the hippocampus.
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Si, o estrés diminúe a produción
de novas neuronas no hipocampo.
de novas neuronas no hipocampo.
05:48
How about sleep deprivation?
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Que hai da privación de sono?
05:51
Indeed, it will decrease neurogenesis.
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Efectivamente, diminúe a neuroxénese.
05:54
How about sex?
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E o sexo?
05:56
Oh, wow!
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Oh, vaia!
05:57
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:58
Yes, you are right, it will increase
the production of new neurons.
the production of new neurons.
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Si, acertaron, aumenta
a produción de novas neuronas.
a produción de novas neuronas.
Non obstante, aquí hai que
buscar o equilibrio.
buscar o equilibrio.
06:02
However, it's all about balance here.
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06:04
We don't want to fall in a situation --
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Non queremos chegar a unha situación,
06:07
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:09
about too much sex
leading to sleep deprivation.
leading to sleep deprivation.
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na que demasiado sexo
leve á privaciónd de sono.
leve á privaciónd de sono.
06:11
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:14
How about getting older?
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E que din de facerse vello?
06:19
So the neurogenesis rate
will decrease as we get older,
will decrease as we get older,
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A taxa de neuroxénese diminúe
ao facerse vello,
ao facerse vello,
06:23
but it is still occurring.
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pero aínda ocorre.
06:26
And then finally, how about running?
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E xa para rematar, que din de correr?
06:29
I will let you judge that one by yourself.
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Vou deixar que xulguen por si mesmos.
06:33
So this is one of the first studies
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Este é un dos primeiros estudos
06:35
that was carried out by one of my mentors,
Rusty Gage from the Salk Institute,
Rusty Gage from the Salk Institute,
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levados a cabo polo un dos meus mentores,
Rusty Gage, do Instituto Salk,
Rusty Gage, do Instituto Salk,
06:39
showing that the environment
can have an impact
can have an impact
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que amosa que o ambiente
pode ter un impacto
pode ter un impacto
06:42
on the production of new neurons.
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na produción de novas neuronas.
06:44
And here you see a section
of the hippocampus of a mouse
of the hippocampus of a mouse
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Aquí poden ver unha sección
do hipocampo dun rato
do hipocampo dun rato
06:48
that had no running wheel in its cage.
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que non tiña roda de exercicio
na súa gaiola.
na súa gaiola.
06:50
And the little black dots you see
are actually newborn neurons-to-be.
are actually newborn neurons-to-be.
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Os pequenos puntos negros que ven
son novas neuronas formándose.
son novas neuronas formándose.
06:55
And now, you see a section
of the hippocampus of a mouse
of the hippocampus of a mouse
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E agora, poden ver a sección
do hipocampo dun rato
do hipocampo dun rato
07:00
that had a running wheel in its cage.
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con roda de exercicio na gaiola.
07:03
So you see the massive increase
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Poden ver o incremento masivo
07:04
of the black dots representing
the new neurons-to-be.
the new neurons-to-be.
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de puntos negros que representan
novas neuronas en formación.
novas neuronas en formación.
07:08
So activity impacts neurogenesis,
but that's not all.
but that's not all.
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Así que a actividade inflúe na neuroxénese
pero isto non é todo.
pero isto non é todo.
07:13
What you eat will have an effect
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O que comemos tamén ten efecto
07:16
on the production of new neurons
in the hippocampus.
in the hippocampus.
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na produción de novas neuronas
no hipocampo.
no hipocampo.
07:19
So here we have a sample of diet --
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Aquí temos a mostra dunha dieta,
07:22
of nutrients that have been shown
to have efficacy.
to have efficacy.
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de nutrintes que se teñen
demostrado eficaces.
demostrado eficaces.
07:25
And I'm just going
to point a few out to you:
to point a few out to you:
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E voulles sinalar algúns:
07:28
Calorie restriction of 20 to 30 percent
will increase neurogenesis.
will increase neurogenesis.
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Unha restrición calórica do 20 ao 30
por cento aumenta a neuroxénese.
por cento aumenta a neuroxénese.
07:34
Intermittent fasting --
spacing the time between your meals --
spacing the time between your meals --
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O xaxún intermitente --
espaciar o tempo entre comidas --
espaciar o tempo entre comidas --
07:37
will increase neurogenesis.
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aumenta a neuroxénese.
07:39
Intake of flavonoids,
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A inxesta de flavonoides,
07:41
which are contained
in dark chocolate or blueberries,
in dark chocolate or blueberries,
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que se atopan no chocolate
negro ou nas arandeiras,
negro ou nas arandeiras,
07:44
will increase neurogenesis.
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aumenta a neuroxénese.
07:46
Omega-3 fatty acids,
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Os ácidos graxos Omega-3,
07:47
present in fatty fish, like salmon,
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presentes en peixes graxos, como o salmón,
07:50
will increase the production
of these new neurons.
of these new neurons.
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aumentan a produción desas novas neuronas.
07:53
Conversely, a diet rich
in high saturated fat
in high saturated fat
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Pola contra, unha dieta rica
en graxas saturadas
en graxas saturadas
07:57
will have a negative impact
on neurogenesis.
on neurogenesis.
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ten un impacto negativo na neuroxénese.
08:01
Ethanol -- intake of alcohol --
will decrease neurogenesis.
will decrease neurogenesis.
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O etanol -- a inxesta de alcohol --
diminúe a neuroxénese.
diminúe a neuroxénese.
08:05
However, not everything is lost;
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Sen embargo, non todo está perdido;
08:08
resveratrol, which is
contained in red wine,
contained in red wine,
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o resveratrol, que se atopa no viño,
08:11
has been shown to promote
the survival of these new neurons.
the survival of these new neurons.
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tense demostrado que promove
a supervivencia destas novas neuronas.
a supervivencia destas novas neuronas.
08:15
So next time you are at a dinner party,
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Así que a próxima vez que vaian de cea,
08:17
you might want to reach for this possibly
"neurogenesis-neutral" drink.
"neurogenesis-neutral" drink.
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poden procurar acadar ese punto
de bebida 'neutral' para a neuroxénese.
de bebida 'neutral' para a neuroxénese.
08:21
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
E, para rematar, deixen que apunte
unha última cousa,
unha última cousa,
08:24
And then finally,
let me point out the last one --
let me point out the last one --
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08:26
a quirky one.
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unha un tanto curiosa.
08:27
So Japanese groups are fascinated
with food textures,
with food textures,
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Aos xaponeses fascínalle
as texturas das comidas,
as texturas das comidas,
08:31
and they have shown that actually
soft diet impairs neurogenesis,
soft diet impairs neurogenesis,
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e tense demostrado que as dietas
blandas prexudican á neuroxénese,
blandas prexudican á neuroxénese,
08:37
as opposed to food that requires
mastication -- chewing -- or crunchy food.
mastication -- chewing -- or crunchy food.
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a diferenza da comida que require
masticar, ou os alimentos crocantes.
masticar, ou os alimentos crocantes.
08:42
So all of this data,
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Todos estes datos,
08:44
where we need to look
at the cellular level,
at the cellular level,
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para os que temos que
mirar a nivel celular,
mirar a nivel celular,
08:47
has been generated using animal models.
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conseguíronse usando modelos animais.
08:50
But this diet has also been given
to human participants,
to human participants,
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Pero esta dieta tamén se ten
administrado a humanos,
administrado a humanos,
08:54
and what we could see is that
the diet modulates memory and mood
the diet modulates memory and mood
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e o que puidemos ver é que a dieta
modula a memoria e o estado de ánimo
modula a memoria e o estado de ánimo
09:01
in the same direction
as it modulates neurogenesis,
as it modulates neurogenesis,
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na mesma dirección que
modula a neuroxénese,
modula a neuroxénese,
09:04
such as: calorie restriction
will improve memory capacity,
will improve memory capacity,
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isto é: a restrición calórica
mellora a capacidade de memoria,
mellora a capacidade de memoria,
09:09
whereas a high-fat diet will exacerbate
symptoms of depression --
symptoms of depression --
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mentres que unha dieta alta en graxas
exacerba os síntomas da depresión,
exacerba os síntomas da depresión,
09:14
as opposed to omega-3 fatty acids,
which increase neurogenesis,
which increase neurogenesis,
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ao contrario que os ácidos graxos Omega-3,
que incrementan a neuroxénese,
que incrementan a neuroxénese,
09:18
and also help to decrease
the symptoms of depression.
the symptoms of depression.
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e tamén axudan a diminuír
os síntomas depresivos.
os síntomas depresivos.
09:23
So we think that the effect of diet
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Así que nós pensamos que o efecto da dieta
09:28
on mental health, on memory and mood,
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na saúde mental, a memoria
e o estado de ánimo,
e o estado de ánimo,
09:32
is actually mediated by the production
of the new neurons in the hippocampus.
of the new neurons in the hippocampus.
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está realmente mediado pola produción
de novas neuronas no hipocampo.
de novas neuronas no hipocampo.
09:36
And it's not only what you eat,
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E non é só o que comemos,
09:38
but it's also the texture
of the food, when you eat it
of the food, when you eat it
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tamén é a textura dos alimentos,
cándo os comes
cándo os comes
09:42
and how much of it you eat.
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e a cantidade deles que inxires.
09:45
On our side -- neuroscientists
interested in neurogenesis --
interested in neurogenesis --
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Pola nosa banda -- os neurocientíficos
interesados na neuroxénese --
interesados na neuroxénese --
09:49
we need to understand better
the function of these new neurons,
the function of these new neurons,
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precisamos entender mellor
a función destas novas neuronas,
a función destas novas neuronas,
09:53
and how we can control their survival
and their production.
and their production.
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e como poder controlar a súa
supervivencia e a súa produción.
supervivencia e a súa produción.
09:57
We also need to find a way to protect
the neurogenesis of Robert's patients.
the neurogenesis of Robert's patients.
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Tamén temos que atopar a forma de protexer
a neuroxénese dos pacientes de Robert.
a neuroxénese dos pacientes de Robert.
10:03
And on your side --
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E pola súa banda,
10:04
I leave you in charge
of your neurogenesis.
of your neurogenesis.
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déixoos a cargo da súa propia neuroxénese.
10:07
Thank you.
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Grazas.
10:08
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Margaret Heffernan:
Estupenda investigación, Sandrine.
Estupenda investigación, Sandrine.
10:14
Margaret Heffernan:
Fantastic research, Sandrine.
Fantastic research, Sandrine.
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10:17
Now, I told you you changed my life --
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Teño que dicirche que vés
de cambiame a vida.
de cambiame a vida.
10:19
I now eat a lot of blueberries.
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Vou comer un montón de arandeiras.
10:21
Sandrine Thuret: Very good.
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Sandrine Thuret: Moi ben.
10:23
MH: I'm really interested
in the running thing.
in the running thing.
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MH: Interésame moito o de correr.
10:26
Do I have to run?
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Teño que correr?
10:29
Or is it really just
about aerobic exercise,
about aerobic exercise,
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Ou vale calquera exercicio aeróbico,
10:32
getting oxygen to the brain?
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que leve osíxeno ao cerebro?
10:33
Could it be any kind of vigorous exercise?
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Sirve calquera clase de exercicio intenso?
10:36
ST: So for the moment,
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ST: Polo de agora,
10:37
we can't really say
if it's just the running itself,
if it's just the running itself,
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non podemos dicir con seguridade
se é correr en sí,
se é correr en sí,
10:41
but we think that anything that indeed
will increase the production --
will increase the production --
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pero penso que calquera cousa
que aumente a produción
que aumente a produción
10:46
or moving the blood flow to the brain,
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ou o fluxo de sangue ao cerebro,
10:49
should be beneficial.
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debería ser beneficiosa.
MH: Entón non teño que ter
unha roda de exercicio na oficina?
unha roda de exercicio na oficina?
10:51
MH: So I don't have to get
a running wheel in my office?
a running wheel in my office?
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10:54
ST: No, you don't!
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ST: Non, non fai falla!
10:55
MH: Oh, what a relief! That's wonderful.
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MH: Uf, que alivio! É marabilloso.
10:57
Sandrine Thuret, thank you so much.
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Sandrine Thuret, moitas grazas.
10:59
ST: Thank you, Margaret.
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ST: Grazas a ti, Margaret.
11:00
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sandrine Thuret - Neural stem cell researcherSandrine Thuret studies the way adult brains create new nerve cells in the hippocampus -- a brain area involved in memory and mood.
Why you should listen
In her lab at King's College London, Sandrine Thuret studies adult neurogenesis -- the process by which adult brains create new nerve cells. (Until the 1990s, we didn't even know they did this!)
Thuret's work focuses on the hippocampus, the area of the brain that is related to memory, and her work asks two big questions: How can we help our healthy brains create new nerve cells throughout our lives, through diet and behavior changes? And how can we study the effects of diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's on our brains' ability to grow?
Sandrine Thuret | Speaker | TED.com