TED@BCG London
Sandrine Thuret: You can grow new brain cells. Here's how
Sandrine Thuret: Možete uzgojiti nove neurone. Evo kako
Filmed:
Readability: 4.8
7,962,651 views
Možemo li mi, odrasli, uzgojiti nove neurone? Neuroznanstvenica Sandrine Thuret kaže da možemo, i nudi istraživanja i praktične savjete kako da naš mozak otpočne neurogenezu – unaprjeđujući raspoloženje, pojačavajući stvaranje memorije i sprječavanje gubitaka koji dolaze s godinama.
Sandrine Thuret - Neural stem cell researcher
Sandrine Thuret studies the way adult brains create new nerve cells in the hippocampus -- a brain area involved in memory and mood. Full bio
Sandrine Thuret studies the way adult brains create new nerve cells in the hippocampus -- a brain area involved in memory and mood. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Can we, as adults, grow new nerve cells?
0
1936
4381
Možemo li mi, odrasli, uzgojiti
nove neurone?
nove neurone?
00:19
There's still some confusion
about that question,
about that question,
1
7150
3087
Još uvijek postoje nejasnoće
oko tog pitanja
oko tog pitanja
00:22
as this is a fairly new field of research.
2
10261
2610
jer to je novo područje istraživanja.
00:25
For example, I was talking
to one of my colleagues, Robert,
to one of my colleagues, Robert,
3
13569
3359
Na primjer, razgovarala sam
s jednim svojim kolegom, Robertom,
s jednim svojim kolegom, Robertom,
00:28
who is an oncologist,
4
16952
1308
koji je onkolog,
00:30
and he was telling me,
5
18284
1301
i rekao mi je,
00:32
"Sandrine, this is puzzling.
6
20014
1755
„Sandrine, ovo je zbunjujuće.
00:33
Some of my patients that have been told
they are cured of their cancer
they are cured of their cancer
7
21793
4314
Neki od mojih pacijenata kojima je rečeno
da su izliječeni od raka,
da su izliječeni od raka,
00:38
still develop symptoms of depression."
8
26131
2397
još uvijek imaju simptome depresije.“
00:41
And I responded to him,
9
29520
1295
Odgovorila sam mu
00:42
"Well, from my point of view
that makes sense.
that makes sense.
10
30839
2340
„Pa, kako ja to vidim
ima smisla.
ima smisla.
00:45
The drug you give to your patients
that stops the cancer cells multiplying
that stops the cancer cells multiplying
11
33203
4538
Lijekovi koje dajete vašim pacijentima koje
zaustavljaju množenje tumorskih stanica
zaustavljaju množenje tumorskih stanica
00:49
also stops the newborn neurons
being generated in their brain."
being generated in their brain."
12
37765
5103
također zaustavljaju stvaranje
novih neurona u njihovom mozgu.“
novih neurona u njihovom mozgu.“
00:55
And then Robert looked at me
like I was crazy and said,
like I was crazy and said,
13
43820
2786
I onda me Robert pogledao
kao da sam luda i rekao
kao da sam luda i rekao
00:58
"But Sandrine, these are adult patients --
14
46630
2182
„Ali Sandrine, ovo su odrasli pacijenti --
01:00
adults do not grow new nerve cells."
15
48836
2572
odraslima ne rastu novi neuroni.“
01:04
And much to his surprise, I said,
"Well actually, we do."
"Well actually, we do."
16
52543
3666
I na njegovo iznenađenje rekla sam
„Zapravo rastu.“
„Zapravo rastu.“
01:09
And this is a phenomenon
that we call neurogenesis.
that we call neurogenesis.
17
57098
4826
I to je fenomen
koji zovemo neurogeneza
koji zovemo neurogeneza
01:13
[Neurogenesis]
18
61948
1190
[Neurogeneza]
01:15
Now Robert is not a neuroscientist,
19
63162
3770
Robert nije neuroznanstvenik
01:18
and when he went to medical school
he was not taught what we know now --
he was not taught what we know now --
20
66956
4625
i kada je pohađao medicinski fakultet
nije učio ono što znamo sada --
nije učio ono što znamo sada --
01:23
that the adult brain
can generate new nerve cells.
can generate new nerve cells.
21
71605
3739
da mozak odrasle osobe
stvara nove neurone.
stvara nove neurone.
01:29
So Robert, you know,
being the good doctor that he is,
being the good doctor that he is,
22
77217
4370
Stoga je Robert, znate,
jer je dobar doktor,
jer je dobar doktor,
01:33
wanted to come to my lab
23
81611
1699
htio doći u moj laboratorij
01:35
to understand the topic
a little bit better.
a little bit better.
24
83334
2824
kako bi razumio
malo bolje.
malo bolje.
01:38
And I took him for a tour
25
86881
2255
I povela sam ga u obilazak
01:41
of one of the most exciting
parts of the brain
parts of the brain
26
89160
2913
jednog od zanimljivijih
dijelova mozga
dijelova mozga
01:44
when it comes to neurogenesis --
27
92097
2173
kada se radi o neurogenezi --
01:46
and this is the hippocampus.
28
94294
2088
a to je hipokampus.
01:49
So this is this gray structure
in the center of the brain.
in the center of the brain.
29
97080
3852
To je ova siva struktura
u središtu mozga.
u središtu mozga.
01:53
And what we've known already
for very long,
for very long,
30
101613
2422
I ono što znamo
već dosta dugo
već dosta dugo
01:56
is that this is important for learning,
memory, mood and emotion.
memory, mood and emotion.
31
104059
4765
je da je on važan za učenje,
memoriju, raspoloženje i emocije.
memoriju, raspoloženje i emocije.
02:01
However, what we
have learned more recently
have learned more recently
32
109343
3047
Međutim, ono što smo
nedavno naučili
nedavno naučili
02:04
is that this is one of the unique
structures of the adult brain
structures of the adult brain
33
112414
4658
je da je ovo jedinstveno
mjesto u odraslom mozgu
mjesto u odraslom mozgu
02:09
where new neurons can be generated.
34
117096
2650
gdje se novi neuroni mogu stvarati.
02:12
And if we slice through the hippocampus
35
120405
2311
I ako presječemo hipokampus
02:14
and zoom in,
36
122740
1268
i zumiramo,
02:16
what you actually see here in blue
37
124032
2801
ono što ovdje vidite plavo
02:18
is a newborn neuron
in an adult mouse brain.
in an adult mouse brain.
38
126857
4573
je novonastali neuron
u mozgu odralog miša.
u mozgu odralog miša.
02:24
So when it comes to the human brain --
39
132769
3055
Kada se radi o ljudskom mozgu --
02:27
my colleague Jonas Frisén
from the Karolinska Institutet,
from the Karolinska Institutet,
40
135848
3532
moj kolega Jonas Frisén
s Karolinska instituta,
s Karolinska instituta,
02:31
has estimated that we produce
700 new neurons per day
700 new neurons per day
41
139404
5740
je procijenio da stvaramo
700 novih neurona po danu
700 novih neurona po danu
02:37
in the hippocampus.
42
145168
1198
u hipokampusu.
02:39
You might think this is not much,
43
147183
1675
Možete misliti da to nije puno,
02:40
compared to the billions
of neurons we have.
of neurons we have.
44
148882
2389
u usporedbi sa milijardama
neurona koje imamo.
neurona koje imamo.
02:43
But by the time we turn 50,
45
151644
3071
Međutim, do vremena kada budemo
napunili 50 godina,
napunili 50 godina,
02:46
we will have all exchanged the neurons
we were born with in that structure
we were born with in that structure
46
154739
4676
svi ćemo zamijeniti neurone s kojima
smo se rodili u toj strukturi
smo se rodili u toj strukturi
02:51
with adult-born neurons.
47
159439
2215
s novim neuronima rođenim
u odrasloj dobi.
u odrasloj dobi.
02:55
So why are these new neurons important
and what are their functions?
and what are their functions?
48
163248
5036
Zašto su ovi novi neuroni važni
i koja je njihova funkcija?
i koja je njihova funkcija?
03:01
First, we know that they're important
for learning and memory.
for learning and memory.
49
169324
3698
Prvo, znamo da su bitni za
učenje i memoriju.
učenje i memoriju.
03:05
And in the lab we have shown
50
173046
1517
U laboratoriju smo dokazali
03:06
that if we block the ability
of the adult brain
of the adult brain
51
174587
3236
da ako blokiramo sposobnost
odraslog mozga
odraslog mozga
03:09
to produce new neurons in the hippocampus,
52
177847
2560
da stvara nove neurone u hipokampusu,
03:12
then we block certain memory abilities.
53
180431
2516
blokiramo određene mogućnosti memorije.
03:15
And this is especially new and true
for spatial recognition --
for spatial recognition --
54
183721
6912
I to pogotovo utječe na
snalaženje u prostoru --
snalaženje u prostoru --
03:22
so like, how you navigate
your way in the city.
your way in the city.
55
190657
2798
poput, kako se snalazite
prolazeći kroz grad.
prolazeći kroz grad.
03:26
We are still learning a lot,
56
194181
1478
Još puno toga otkrivamo,
03:27
and neurons are not only important
for memory capacity,
for memory capacity,
57
195683
3063
i neuroni nisu zaslužni samo
za kapacitet memorije
za kapacitet memorije
03:30
but also for the quality of the memory.
58
198770
2903
već i za kvalitetu memorije.
03:33
And they will have been helpful
to add time to our memory
to add time to our memory
59
201697
4045
Oni nam pomažu oko
vremena našeg sjećanja
vremena našeg sjećanja
03:37
and they will help differentiate
very similar memories, like:
very similar memories, like:
60
205766
4682
i kako razlikovati
dvije slične memorije poput
dvije slične memorije poput
03:42
how do you find your bike
61
210472
2080
kako pronaći vaš bicikl
03:44
that you park at the station
every day in the same area,
every day in the same area,
62
212576
3516
koji parkirate na stanici
svaki dan na istom području,
svaki dan na istom području,
03:48
but in a slightly different position?
63
216116
2142
ali na malo drugom mjestu?
03:52
And more interesting
to my colleague Robert
to my colleague Robert
64
220068
2484
A još zanimljivije
mom kolegi Robertu
mom kolegi Robertu
03:54
is the research we have been doing
on neurogenesis and depression.
on neurogenesis and depression.
65
222576
4862
je istraživanje koje smo radili
o neurogenezi i depresiji.
o neurogenezi i depresiji.
04:00
So in an animal model of depression,
66
228010
1938
U životinjskom modelu depresije
04:01
we have seen that we have
a lower level of neurogenesis.
a lower level of neurogenesis.
67
229972
4004
vidjeli smo da imamo
manju razinu neurogeneze.
manju razinu neurogeneze.
04:06
And if we give antidepressants,
68
234500
2243
I ako damo antidepresive,
04:08
then we increase the production
of these newborn neurons,
of these newborn neurons,
69
236767
3454
stvaranje novih neurona
se povećava,
se povećava,
04:12
and we decrease
the symptoms of depression,
the symptoms of depression,
70
240245
3143
i smanjuju se
simptomi depresije,
simptomi depresije,
04:15
establishing a clear link
between neurogenesis and depression.
between neurogenesis and depression.
71
243412
5460
vidljivo povezujući
neurogenezu i depresiju.
neurogenezu i depresiju.
04:21
But moreover, if you
just block neurogenesis,
just block neurogenesis,
72
249191
4309
Štoviše, ako blokirate
neurogenezu,
neurogenezu,
04:25
then you block the efficacy
of the antidepressant.
of the antidepressant.
73
253524
2833
blokirate učinkovitost
antidepresiva.
antidepresiva.
04:29
So by then, Robert had understood
74
257714
1763
Tada je Robert razumio
04:31
that very likely his patients
were suffering from depression
were suffering from depression
75
259501
3698
da će njegovi pacijenti
bolovati od depresije
bolovati od depresije
04:35
even after being cured of their cancer,
76
263223
2595
čak i nakon što su izliječeni od tumora,
04:37
because the cancer drug had stopped
newborn neurons from being generated.
newborn neurons from being generated.
77
265842
4381
jer su lijekovi protiv tumora
zaustavili stvaranje novih neurona.
zaustavili stvaranje novih neurona.
04:42
And it will take time
to generate new neurons
to generate new neurons
78
270247
3628
I trebat će vremena
da se stvore novi neuroni
da se stvore novi neuroni
04:45
that reach normal functions.
79
273899
2206
potrebni za normalnu funkciju.
04:49
So, collectively, now we think
we have enough evidence
we have enough evidence
80
277780
4409
Mislimo da imamo
dovoljno dokaza
dovoljno dokaza
04:54
to say that neurogenesis
is a target of choice
is a target of choice
81
282213
3715
da kažemo da je neurogeneza
željeni cilj
željeni cilj
04:57
if we want to improve
memory formation or mood,
memory formation or mood,
82
285952
3614
ako želimo poboljšati
stvaranje memorije ili raspoloženje,
stvaranje memorije ili raspoloženje,
05:01
or even prevent the decline
associated with aging,
associated with aging,
83
289590
3563
ili zaustaviti promjene
koje dolaze sa starenjem,
koje dolaze sa starenjem,
05:05
or associated with stress.
84
293177
2134
ili su povezane sa stresom.
05:08
So the next question is:
85
296288
1731
Sljedeće pitanje je:
05:10
can we control neurogenesis?
86
298043
2174
možemo li kontrolirati neurogenezu?
05:13
The answer is yes.
87
301066
1191
Odgovor je da.
05:14
And we are now going to do a little quiz.
88
302860
2563
I sad ćemo napraviti mali kviz.
05:18
I'm going to give you a set
of behaviors and activities,
of behaviors and activities,
89
306201
3181
Dobit ćete skupinu
ponašanja i aktivnosti,
ponašanja i aktivnosti,
05:21
and you tell me if you think
they will increase neurogenesis
they will increase neurogenesis
90
309406
4684
i reći ćete mi mislite li
da povećavaju neurogenezu
da povećavaju neurogenezu
05:26
or if they will decrease neurogenesis.
91
314114
2166
ili smanjuju neurogenezu.
05:28
Are we ready?
92
316804
1159
Jeste spremni?
05:30
OK, let's go.
93
318550
1159
Idemo.
05:32
So what about learning?
94
320034
1587
Što je s učenjem?
05:34
Increasing?
95
322521
1180
Povećava?
05:35
Yes.
96
323725
1159
Da.
05:36
Learning will increase the production
of these new neurons.
of these new neurons.
97
324908
3786
Učenje povećava nastajanje
novih neurona.
novih neurona.
05:40
How about stress?
98
328718
1316
A stres?
05:43
Yes, stress will decrease the production
of new neurons in the hippocampus.
of new neurons in the hippocampus.
99
331431
4737
Da, stres će smanjiti stvaranje
novih neurona u hipokampusu
novih neurona u hipokampusu
05:48
How about sleep deprivation?
100
336192
1612
A manjak sna?
05:51
Indeed, it will decrease neurogenesis.
101
339375
2699
Da, smanjit će neurogenezu.
05:54
How about sex?
102
342098
1221
A seks?
05:56
Oh, wow!
103
344414
1152
O, vau!
05:57
(Laughter)
104
345590
1267
(Smijeh)
05:58
Yes, you are right, it will increase
the production of new neurons.
the production of new neurons.
105
346881
3753
Da, u pravu ste, to će povećati
proizvodnju novih neurona.
proizvodnju novih neurona.
06:02
However, it's all about balance here.
106
350658
2152
Iako, ovdje je potrebna ravnoteža.
06:04
We don't want to fall in a situation --
107
352834
2213
Ne želimo doći u situaciju --
06:07
(Laughter)
108
355071
1928
(Smijeh)
06:09
about too much sex
leading to sleep deprivation.
leading to sleep deprivation.
109
357023
2834
gdje previše seksa
dovodi do nedostatka sna.
dovodi do nedostatka sna.
06:11
(Laughter)
110
359881
2229
(Smijeh)
06:14
How about getting older?
111
362753
2191
A što je sa starenjem?
06:19
So the neurogenesis rate
will decrease as we get older,
will decrease as we get older,
112
367645
3683
Razina neurogeneze
opada kako postajemo stariji,
opada kako postajemo stariji,
06:23
but it is still occurring.
113
371352
1746
ali se i dalje događa.
06:26
And then finally, how about running?
114
374042
2191
I na kraju, što je s trčanjem?
06:29
I will let you judge that one by yourself.
115
377912
2809
Ostavit ću vam to da sami prosudite.
06:33
So this is one of the first studies
116
381563
1796
Ovo je jedna od prvih studija
06:35
that was carried out by one of my mentors,
Rusty Gage from the Salk Institute,
Rusty Gage from the Salk Institute,
117
383383
4403
koju je proveo jedan od mojih mentora,
Rusty Gage iz Salk instituta,
Rusty Gage iz Salk instituta,
06:39
showing that the environment
can have an impact
can have an impact
118
387810
2274
pokazujući da okolina
ima utjecaja na
ima utjecaja na
06:42
on the production of new neurons.
119
390108
1889
stvaranje novih neurona.
06:44
And here you see a section
of the hippocampus of a mouse
of the hippocampus of a mouse
120
392021
4254
I ovdje možete vidjeti presjek
hipokampusa miša
hipokampusa miša
06:48
that had no running wheel in its cage.
121
396299
2245
Koji nije trčao u točku u svom kavezu.
06:50
And the little black dots you see
are actually newborn neurons-to-be.
are actually newborn neurons-to-be.
122
398568
4035
Ove male crne točke koje vidite
su zapravo neuroni u nastanku.
su zapravo neuroni u nastanku.
06:55
And now, you see a section
of the hippocampus of a mouse
of the hippocampus of a mouse
123
403246
5138
A sad, vidite presjek
hipokampusa miša
hipokampusa miša
07:00
that had a running wheel in its cage.
124
408408
2596
koji je trčao u svom kavezu.
07:03
So you see the massive increase
125
411028
1523
Vidite veliko povećanje
07:04
of the black dots representing
the new neurons-to-be.
the new neurons-to-be.
126
412575
2813
Ovih crnih točaka koje
prikazuju neurone u nastanku.
prikazuju neurone u nastanku.
07:08
So activity impacts neurogenesis,
but that's not all.
but that's not all.
127
416819
3793
Aktivnost utječe na neurogenezu,
ali to nije sve.
ali to nije sve.
07:13
What you eat will have an effect
128
421639
2647
Ono što jedete će imati utjecaj
07:16
on the production of new neurons
in the hippocampus.
in the hippocampus.
129
424310
2914
na stvaranje novih neurona
u hipokampusu.
u hipokampusu.
07:19
So here we have a sample of diet --
130
427248
2960
Imamo primjer dijete
07:22
of nutrients that have been shown
to have efficacy.
to have efficacy.
131
430232
3277
nutrijentima koji su pokazali
da imaju učinak
da imaju učinak
07:25
And I'm just going
to point a few out to you:
to point a few out to you:
132
433973
2595
I samo ću vam
ukazati na par njih:
ukazati na par njih:
07:28
Calorie restriction of 20 to 30 percent
will increase neurogenesis.
will increase neurogenesis.
133
436592
5094
Ograničenje kalorija od 20 do 30 posto
će povećati neurogenezu.
će povećati neurogenezu.
07:34
Intermittent fasting --
spacing the time between your meals --
spacing the time between your meals --
134
442128
3482
Povremeni post –
produljenje vremena između obroka --
produljenje vremena između obroka --
07:37
will increase neurogenesis.
135
445634
2139
će povećati neurogenezu.
07:39
Intake of flavonoids,
136
447797
1323
Unos flavonoida,
07:41
which are contained
in dark chocolate or blueberries,
in dark chocolate or blueberries,
137
449144
3003
koji se nalaze
u tamnoj čokoladi ili borovnicama,
u tamnoj čokoladi ili borovnicama,
07:44
will increase neurogenesis.
138
452171
1823
će povećati neurogenezu.
07:46
Omega-3 fatty acids,
139
454355
1506
Omega-3 masne kiseline,
07:47
present in fatty fish, like salmon,
140
455885
2211
koje se nalaze u ribljim mastima,
07:50
will increase the production
of these new neurons.
of these new neurons.
141
458120
2438
povećat će stvaranje
novih neurona.
novih neurona.
07:53
Conversely, a diet rich
in high saturated fat
in high saturated fat
142
461502
4101
Suprotno, dijeta s puno
visoko zasićenih masti
visoko zasićenih masti
07:57
will have a negative impact
on neurogenesis.
on neurogenesis.
143
465627
2740
imat će negativan učinak
na neurogenezu
na neurogenezu
08:01
Ethanol -- intake of alcohol --
will decrease neurogenesis.
will decrease neurogenesis.
144
469232
4182
Etanol – unos alkohola –
će smanjiti neurogenezu.
će smanjiti neurogenezu.
08:05
However, not everything is lost;
145
473981
2722
Iako, nije sve izgubljeno;
08:08
resveratrol, which is
contained in red wine,
contained in red wine,
146
476727
3052
resveratrol, koji se
nalazi u crvenome vinu,
nalazi u crvenome vinu,
08:11
has been shown to promote
the survival of these new neurons.
the survival of these new neurons.
147
479803
3491
potiče preživljenje
novih neurona
novih neurona
08:15
So next time you are at a dinner party,
148
483708
1866
Sljedeći put kad ste pozvani na večeru,
08:17
you might want to reach for this possibly
"neurogenesis-neutral" drink.
"neurogenesis-neutral" drink.
149
485598
4004
možete uzeti u obzir ovo
„neutralno za neurogenezu“ piće.
„neutralno za neurogenezu“ piće.
08:21
(Laughter)
150
489909
2133
(Smijeh)
08:24
And then finally,
let me point out the last one --
let me point out the last one --
151
492066
2501
I na kraju,
htjela bih naglasiti zadnji --
htjela bih naglasiti zadnji --
08:26
a quirky one.
152
494591
1158
jedan čudan.
08:27
So Japanese groups are fascinated
with food textures,
with food textures,
153
495773
3895
Skupine Japanaca su fascinirani
s teksturom hrane,
s teksturom hrane,
08:31
and they have shown that actually
soft diet impairs neurogenesis,
soft diet impairs neurogenesis,
154
499692
5303
i pokazalo se da zapravo
meka dijeta ometa neurogenezu,
meka dijeta ometa neurogenezu,
08:37
as opposed to food that requires
mastication -- chewing -- or crunchy food.
mastication -- chewing -- or crunchy food.
155
505019
4721
Suprotno hrani koja zahtjeva
mastikaciju – žvakanje – ili hrskavu hranu.
mastikaciju – žvakanje – ili hrskavu hranu.
08:42
So all of this data,
156
510827
1793
Svi ovi podatci
08:44
where we need to look
at the cellular level,
at the cellular level,
157
512644
2581
gdje trebamo gledati
na staničnoj razini,
na staničnoj razini,
08:47
has been generated using animal models.
158
515249
2507
prikupljeni su koristeći
životinjske modele.
životinjske modele.
08:50
But this diet has also been given
to human participants,
to human participants,
159
518470
4381
Ali ova dijeta je također dana
ljudskim učesnicima,
ljudskim učesnicima,
08:54
and what we could see is that
the diet modulates memory and mood
the diet modulates memory and mood
160
522875
6158
i ono što smo vidjeli je da je dijeta
promijenila pamćenje i raspoloženje
promijenila pamćenje i raspoloženje
09:01
in the same direction
as it modulates neurogenesis,
as it modulates neurogenesis,
161
529057
3484
isto kako mijenja
i neurogenezu,
i neurogenezu,
09:04
such as: calorie restriction
will improve memory capacity,
will improve memory capacity,
162
532565
4757
poput: smanjenje kalorija
će poboljšati memoriju,
će poboljšati memoriju,
09:09
whereas a high-fat diet will exacerbate
symptoms of depression --
symptoms of depression --
163
537346
5099
a dijete s puno masti će pogoršati
simptome depresije --
simptome depresije --
09:14
as opposed to omega-3 fatty acids,
which increase neurogenesis,
which increase neurogenesis,
164
542469
3864
nasuprot omega-3 masnim kiselinama
koje potiču neurogenezu,
koje potiču neurogenezu,
09:18
and also help to decrease
the symptoms of depression.
the symptoms of depression.
165
546357
4183
i pomažu u ublažavanju
simptoma depresije.
simptoma depresije.
09:23
So we think that the effect of diet
166
551643
4817
Mislimo da učinak dijete
09:28
on mental health, on memory and mood,
167
556484
3595
na mentalno zdravlje, pamćenje
i raspoloženje,
i raspoloženje,
09:32
is actually mediated by the production
of the new neurons in the hippocampus.
of the new neurons in the hippocampus.
168
560103
4472
je učinak stvaranja
novih neurona u hipokampusu.
novih neurona u hipokampusu.
09:36
And it's not only what you eat,
169
564994
1920
I ne radi se samo o tome što jedete,
09:38
but it's also the texture
of the food, when you eat it
of the food, when you eat it
170
566938
3065
već i o teksturi
hrane kada ju jedete
hrane kada ju jedete
09:42
and how much of it you eat.
171
570027
1824
koliko je jedete.
09:45
On our side -- neuroscientists
interested in neurogenesis --
interested in neurogenesis --
172
573841
4033
S naše strane – neuroznanstvenici
koje zanima neurogeneza –
koje zanima neurogeneza –
09:49
we need to understand better
the function of these new neurons,
the function of these new neurons,
173
577898
3665
moramo razumjeti bolje
funkciju tih novih neurona,
funkciju tih novih neurona,
09:53
and how we can control their survival
and their production.
and their production.
174
581587
3984
i kako da kontroliramo
njihovo preživljenje i proizvodnju.
njihovo preživljenje i proizvodnju.
09:57
We also need to find a way to protect
the neurogenesis of Robert's patients.
the neurogenesis of Robert's patients.
175
585896
4539
Trebamo pronaći način da zaštitimo
neurogenezu kod Robertovih pacijenata
neurogenezu kod Robertovih pacijenata
10:03
And on your side --
176
591271
1377
A što se vas tiče –
10:04
I leave you in charge
of your neurogenesis.
of your neurogenesis.
177
592672
2430
ostavljam vas odgovornima
za vašu neurogenezu.
za vašu neurogenezu.
10:07
Thank you.
178
595691
1158
Hvala vam.
10:08
(Applause)
179
596873
5959
(Pljesak)
10:14
Margaret Heffernan:
Fantastic research, Sandrine.
Fantastic research, Sandrine.
180
602856
2332
Margaret Heffernan:
Odlično istraživanje, Sandrine
Odlično istraživanje, Sandrine
10:17
Now, I told you you changed my life --
181
605212
2245
Rekla sam ti da sam promjenila
svoj život –
svoj život –
10:19
I now eat a lot of blueberries.
182
607481
1778
sad jedem puno borovnica.
10:21
Sandrine Thuret: Very good.
183
609283
1547
Sandrine Thuret: Vrlo dobro.
10:23
MH: I'm really interested
in the running thing.
in the running thing.
184
611528
2444
MH: I zanima me
ovo s trčanjem.
ovo s trčanjem.
10:26
Do I have to run?
185
614869
1651
Moram li trčati?
10:29
Or is it really just
about aerobic exercise,
about aerobic exercise,
186
617368
2642
Ili se radi samo o
aerobnim vježbama,
aerobnim vježbama,
10:32
getting oxygen to the brain?
187
620034
1605
dovođenje kisika do mozga?
10:33
Could it be any kind of vigorous exercise?
188
621663
2135
Može li biti bilo koja od napornih vježbi?
10:36
ST: So for the moment,
189
624101
1737
ST: Zasad,
10:37
we can't really say
if it's just the running itself,
if it's just the running itself,
190
625862
3240
ne možemo reći
radi li se samo o trčanju,
radi li se samo o trčanju,
10:41
but we think that anything that indeed
will increase the production --
will increase the production --
191
629126
5037
ali mislimo da bi bilo što zapravo
potaknulo stvaranje –
potaknulo stvaranje –
10:46
or moving the blood flow to the brain,
192
634187
3080
ili protjecanje krvi kroz mozak,
10:49
should be beneficial.
193
637291
1602
bi bilo korisno.
10:51
MH: So I don't have to get
a running wheel in my office?
a running wheel in my office?
194
639353
2627
MH: Znači ne moram nabaviti
točak za trčanje u uredu?
točak za trčanje u uredu?
10:54
ST: No, you don't!
195
642004
1163
ST: Ne, ne moraš!
10:55
MH: Oh, what a relief! That's wonderful.
196
643191
2093
MH: OH, koje olakšanje! To je super.
10:57
Sandrine Thuret, thank you so much.
197
645308
1753
Sandrine Thuret, hvala ti puno.
10:59
ST: Thank you, Margaret.
198
647085
1199
ST: Hvala tebi, Margaret.
11:00
(Applause)
199
648308
2668
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sandrine Thuret - Neural stem cell researcherSandrine Thuret studies the way adult brains create new nerve cells in the hippocampus -- a brain area involved in memory and mood.
Why you should listen
In her lab at King's College London, Sandrine Thuret studies adult neurogenesis -- the process by which adult brains create new nerve cells. (Until the 1990s, we didn't even know they did this!)
Thuret's work focuses on the hippocampus, the area of the brain that is related to memory, and her work asks two big questions: How can we help our healthy brains create new nerve cells throughout our lives, through diet and behavior changes? And how can we study the effects of diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's on our brains' ability to grow?
Sandrine Thuret | Speaker | TED.com