TEDxDubai
Patricia Ryan: Don't insist on English!
Patricia Ryan: Ne vztrajajte z angleščino!
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Na dogodku TEDx v Dubaju je izkušena profesorica angleščine, Patricia Ryan, zastavila provokativno vprašanje: »Ali osredotočanje sveta na angleščino preprečuje širitev velikih idej v drugih jezikih?« (Kaj če bi Einstein moral opraviti preizkus TOEFL, na primer?) Angleščina je trdna obramba pred prevajanjem in širitvijo idej.
Patricia Ryan - Language teacher
Patricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change. Full bio
Patricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I know what you're thinking.
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Vem, kaj razmišljate.
00:18
You think I've lost my way,
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Da sem se izgubila in da bo
v kratkem nekdo prišel na oder
v kratkem nekdo prišel na oder
00:20
and somebody's going to come on the stage in a minute
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in me nežno pospremil
nazaj do mojega sedeža.
nazaj do mojega sedeža.
00:22
and guide me gently back to my seat.
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00:24
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
00:30
I get that all the time in Dubai.
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To se mi stalno dogaja v Dubaju.
00:33
"Here on holiday are you, dear?"
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»Ste tukaj na počitnicah, gospa?«
00:35
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:37
"Come to visit the children?
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»Ste prišli obiskat otroke?«
00:40
How long are you staying?"
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»Kako dolgo boste ostali?«
00:42
Well actually, I hope for a while longer yet.
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Pravzaprav upam, da še nekaj časa.
00:45
I have been living and teaching in the Gulf
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V Zalivu živim in poučujem
že več kot 30 let.
že več kot 30 let.
00:48
for over 30 years.
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00:50
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
00:54
And in that time, I have seen a lot of changes.
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In v tem času sem videla veliko sprememb.
00:58
Now that statistic
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Ta statistika je precej pretresljiva.
01:00
is quite shocking.
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01:02
And I want to talk to you today
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In danes bi rada govorila z vami
o izumiranju jezikov
o izumiranju jezikov
01:04
about language loss
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01:06
and the globalization of English.
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in globalizaciji angleščine.
01:09
I want to tell you about my friend
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Rada bi vam povedala o prijateljici,
01:11
who was teaching English to adults in Abu Dhabi.
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ki je poučevala angleščino
za odrasle v Abu Dabiju.
za odrasle v Abu Dabiju.
01:14
And one fine day,
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Nekega lepega dne
pa se je odločila, da jih odpelje na vrt,
01:16
she decided to take them into the garden
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01:18
to teach them some nature vocabulary.
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da bi se naučili
nekaj besedišča o naravi.
nekaj besedišča o naravi.
01:20
But it was she who ended up learning
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Ampak na koncu se je ona naučila
vseh arabskih besed o lokalnih rastlinah
vseh arabskih besed o lokalnih rastlinah
01:22
all the Arabic words for the local plants,
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01:24
as well as their uses --
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in spoznala njihovo rabo ―
01:26
medicinal uses, cosmetics,
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za medicinske namene, kozmetiko,
01:29
cooking, herbal.
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kuhanje, zelišča.
01:32
How did those students get all that knowledge?
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Kako so oni pridobili vse to znanje?
01:34
Of course, from their grandparents
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Od svojih starih staršev, seveda.
01:36
and even their great-grandparents.
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In celo od prastaršev.
Ni potrebno razlagati, kako pomembna
je zmožnost komunikacije med generacijami.
je zmožnost komunikacije med generacijami.
01:39
It's not necessary to tell you how important it is
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01:42
to be able to communicate
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01:44
across generations.
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01:46
But sadly, today,
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Ampak na žalost, dandanes
01:48
languages are dying
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jeziki izumirajo tako hitro,
kot še nikoli do zdaj.
kot še nikoli do zdaj.
01:50
at an unprecedented rate.
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01:52
A language dies every 14 days.
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En jezik izumre vsakih 14 dni.
01:56
Now, at the same time,
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Istočasno pa je angleščina
nesporno postala svetovni jezik.
nesporno postala svetovni jezik.
01:58
English is the undisputed global language.
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02:00
Could there be a connection?
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Bi lahko bila tukaj povezava?
02:02
Well I don't know.
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No, tega ne vem.
02:04
But I do know that I've seen a lot of changes.
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Vem pa, da sem opazila ogromno sprememb.
02:07
When I first came out to the Gulf, I came to Kuwait
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Ko sem prvič prišla v Zaliv,
sem prišla v Kuvajt
sem prišla v Kuvajt
02:10
in the days when it was still a hardship post.
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v časih, ko je bila to
še težka destinacija.
še težka destinacija.
02:13
Actually, not that long ago.
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V bistvu ne tako dolgo od tega.
02:15
That is a little bit too early.
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To je malce prezgodaj.
02:18
But nevertheless,
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Pa vendar, zaposlil me je Britanski svet
skupaj s približno 25 učitelji.
skupaj s približno 25 učitelji.
02:20
I was recruited by the British Council,
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02:22
along with about 25 other teachers.
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02:24
And we were the first non-Muslims
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Bili smo prvi nemuslimani,
02:26
to teach in the state schools there in Kuwait.
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ki so kdajkoli poučevali
v državnih šolah v Kuvajtu.
v državnih šolah v Kuvajtu.
02:29
We were brought to teach English
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Pripeljali so nas, da bi učili angleščino,
ker je vlada želela modernizirati državo
ker je vlada želela modernizirati državo
02:31
because the government wanted to modernize the country
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02:35
and to empower the citizens through education.
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in okrepiti državljane z izobraževanjem.
02:38
And of course, the U.K. benefited
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Seveda pa je Združeno kraljestvo pridobilo
02:40
from some of that lovely oil wealth.
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nekaj tega čudovitega naftnega bogastva.
02:43
Okay.
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Dobro.
02:45
Now this is the major change that I've seen --
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Glavna sprememba, ki sem jo opazila:
02:48
how teaching English
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kako se je poučevanje angleščine prelevilo
02:50
has morphed
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02:52
from being a mutually beneficial practice
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iz obojestransko koristne prakse
02:56
to becoming a massive international business that it is today.
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v tako velik mednarodni posel,
kot je danes.
kot je danes.
02:59
No longer just a foreign language on the school curriculum,
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Angleščina ni več samo tuji jezik
v šolskem učnem načrtu
v šolskem učnem načrtu
03:03
and no longer the sole domain
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in ne več izključna domena matere Anglije,
03:05
of mother England,
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postala je trend
03:07
it has become a bandwagon
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za vse angleško govoreče
narode na svetu.
narode na svetu.
03:09
for every English-speaking nation on earth.
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03:12
And why not?
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Zakaj pa ne?
03:14
After all, the best education --
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Konec koncev najboljšo izobrazbo,
03:17
according to the latest World University Rankings --
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glede na najnovejšo Svetovno letvico,
03:20
is to be found in the universities
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pridobimo na univerzah v ZK in ZDA.
03:22
of the U.K. and the U.S.
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03:26
So everybody wants to have an English education, naturally.
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Zato si vsi želijo
angleške izobrazbe, razumljivo.
angleške izobrazbe, razumljivo.
03:30
But if you're not a native speaker,
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Ampak če nisi rojeni govorec,
03:32
you have to pass a test.
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moraš opraviti preizkus.
03:34
Now can it be right
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Ali bi bilo prav zavrniti študenta samo
na osnovi njegove jezikovne sposobnosti?
na osnovi njegove jezikovne sposobnosti?
03:36
to reject a student
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03:38
on linguistic ability alone?
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03:40
Perhaps you have a computer scientist
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Lahko imaš računalniškega znanstvenika,
ki je genij.
ki je genij.
03:42
who's a genius.
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03:44
Would he need the same language as a lawyer, for example?
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Ali bi on potreboval enako besedišče
kot odvetnik, na primer?
kot odvetnik, na primer?
03:47
Well, I don't think so.
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No, mislim, da ne.
03:51
We English teachers reject them all the time.
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Mi, učitelji angleščine,
pa jih zavračamo ves čas.
pa jih zavračamo ves čas.
03:54
We put a stop sign,
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Postavimo stop znak
in jih zaustavimo na njihovi poti.
in jih zaustavimo na njihovi poti.
03:56
and we stop them in their tracks.
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03:58
They can't pursue their dream any longer,
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Ne morejo več slediti svojim sanjam,
04:00
'til they get English.
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dokler ne obvladajo angleščine.
04:04
Now let me put it this way:
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Naj povem drugače:
04:07
if I met a monolingual Dutch speaker
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če bi spoznala enojezičnega
govorca nizozemščine,
govorca nizozemščine,
04:11
who had the cure for cancer,
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ki bi poznal zdravilo za raka,
04:13
would I stop him from entering my British University?
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ali bi mu preprečila vstop
na svojo britansko univerzo?
na svojo britansko univerzo?
04:16
I don't think so.
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Verjetno ne.
Ampak to je točno to, kar počnemo.
04:18
But indeed, that is exactly what we do.
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04:21
We English teachers are the gatekeepers.
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Mi, profesorji angleščine, smo vratarji.
04:24
And you have to satisfy us first
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In najprej moraš prepričati nas,
04:27
that your English is good enough.
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da je tvoja angleščina dovolj dobra.
04:31
Now it can be dangerous
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Mogoče je nevarno, če ozek segment družbe
pridobi preveč moči.
pridobi preveč moči.
04:33
to give too much power
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04:36
to a narrow segment of society.
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04:38
Maybe the barrier would be too universal.
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Mogoče bi bila prepreka preveč univerzalna.
04:41
Okay.
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Dobro.
04:43
"But," I hear you say,
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»Ampak,« vas slišim reči,
04:46
"what about the research?
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»Kaj pa raziskave?«
»Vse so v angleščini.«
04:48
It's all in English."
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04:50
So the books are in English,
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Vse knjige so v angleščini,
04:52
the journals are done in English,
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časopisi so napisani v angleščini,
04:54
but that is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
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ampak to je samouresničujoča prerokba.
04:57
It feeds the English requirement.
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To hrani zahteve po angleščini.
04:59
And so it goes on.
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In tako se vse nadaljuje.
05:01
I ask you, what happened to translation?
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Naj vas vprašam:
»Kaj se je zgodilo s prevajanjem?«
»Kaj se je zgodilo s prevajanjem?«
05:04
If you think about the Islamic Golden Age,
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Če pomislite na zlato dobo islama,
05:08
there was lots of translation then.
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so takrat ogromno prevajali.
05:11
They translated from Latin and Greek
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Prevajali so iz latinščine in grščine
05:14
into Arabic, into Persian,
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v arabščino, perzijščino
05:16
and then it was translated on
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in nato so prevajali dalje
05:18
into the Germanic languages of Europe
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v germanske jezike Evrope
05:20
and the Romance languages.
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in tudi romanske jezike.
05:22
And so light shone upon the Dark Ages of Europe.
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In tako je svetloba posijala
na evropsko temno dobo.
na evropsko temno dobo.
05:27
Now don't get me wrong;
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Ne razumite me narobe;
ne nasprotujem učenju angleščine,
ne nasprotujem učenju angleščine,
05:29
I am not against teaching English,
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05:31
all you English teachers out there.
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vsi vi učitelji angleščine.
05:33
I love it that we have a global language.
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Všeč mi je, da imamo svetovni jezik.
05:35
We need one today more than ever.
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Danes ga potrebujemo bolj kot kdajkoli.
05:38
But I am against using it
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Nasprotujem pa temu,
da ga uporabljamo kot prepreko.
da ga uporabljamo kot prepreko.
05:40
as a barrier.
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05:42
Do we really want to end up with 600 languages
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Res želimo imeti na koncu 600 jezikov
05:45
and the main one being English, or Chinese?
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in angleščino ali kitajščino kot glavnega?
05:48
We need more than that. Where do we draw the line?
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Potrebujemo več kot to.
Kje potegnemo črto?
Kje potegnemo črto?
05:51
This system
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Sistem enači inteligenco
05:53
equates intelligence
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05:56
with a knowledge of English,
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z znanjem angleščine,
05:59
which is quite arbitrary.
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kar je precej arbitrarno.
06:01
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
06:07
And I want to remind you
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Želim vas opomniti,
06:09
that the giants upon whose shoulders
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da gigantom na čigar ramenih
stoji današnji sloj inteligence,
stoji današnji sloj inteligence,
06:12
today's intelligentsia stand
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06:14
did not have to have English,
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ni bilo treba opraviti preizkusa
iz angleškega jezika.
iz angleškega jezika.
06:16
they didn't have to pass an English test.
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06:18
Case in point, Einstein.
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Tipičen primer: Einstein.
06:22
He, by the way, was considered remedial at school
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Njega so šteli za učenca
z učnimi težavami,
z učnimi težavami,
06:25
because he was, in fact, dyslexic.
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saj je bil disleksik.
06:27
But fortunately for the world,
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Ampak, na srečo celega sveta,
06:29
he did not have to pass an English test.
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mu ni bilo treba
opravljati izpita iz angleščine,
opravljati izpita iz angleščine,
06:32
Because they didn't start until 1964
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kajti niso se začeli pred letom 1964,
06:35
with TOEFL,
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ko se je uveljavil TOEFL,
ameriški test angleškega jezika.
ameriški test angleškega jezika.
06:37
the American test of English.
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06:39
Now it's exploded.
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Zdaj pa so eksplodirali.
06:41
There are lots and lots of tests of English.
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Ogromno je testov iz angleščine.
06:44
And millions and millions of students
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In na milijone študentov
06:46
take these tests every year.
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opravlja te teste vsako leto.
06:48
Now you might think, you and me,
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Lahko si mislite, vi in jaz,
da te šolnine niso tako visoke, so v redu.
da te šolnine niso tako visoke, so v redu.
06:50
"Those fees aren't bad, they're okay,"
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06:52
but they are prohibitive
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Vendar so nedostopne
milijonom revnim ljudem.
milijonom revnim ljudem.
06:54
to so many millions of poor people.
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06:56
So immediately, we're rejecting them.
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In tako jih sproti zavrnemo.
06:58
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
07:01
It brings to mind a headline I saw recently:
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To me spomni na naslovnico,
ki sem jo videla pred kratkim:
ki sem jo videla pred kratkim:
07:04
"Education: The Great Divide."
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»Izobrazba: velika ločnica.«
07:06
Now I get it,
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Jasno mi je,
razumem, zakaj se želijo ljudje
osredotočiti na angleščino.
osredotočiti na angleščino.
07:08
I understand why people would want to focus on English.
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07:11
They want to give their children the best chance in life.
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Svojim otrokom želijo nuditi
najboljše možnosti v življenju.
najboljše možnosti v življenju.
07:15
And to do that, they need a Western education.
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In da bi jim to uspelo,
potrebujejo zahodnjaško izobrazbo.
potrebujejo zahodnjaško izobrazbo.
07:18
Because, of course, the best jobs
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Saj najboljša delovna mesta gredo tistim,
07:20
go to people out of the Western Universities,
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ki prihajajo iz zahodnjaških univerz,
ki sem jih omenila prej.
ki sem jih omenila prej.
07:23
that I put on earlier.
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07:25
It's a circular thing.
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To je začarani krog.
07:27
Okay.
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07:29
Let me tell you a story about two scientists,
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Naj vam povem zgodbo o dveh znanstvenikih,
angleških znanstvenikih.
angleških znanstvenikih.
07:31
two English scientists.
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07:33
They were doing an experiment
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Izvajala sta eksperiment,
ki ima opravka z genetiko,
ki ima opravka z genetiko,
07:35
to do with genetics
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07:37
and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals.
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sprednjimi in zadnjimi udi pri živalih.
07:40
But they couldn't get the results they wanted.
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Ampak nista dobila želenih rezultatov.
07:42
They really didn't know what to do,
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Nista več vedela, kaj bi naredila,
07:44
until along came a German scientist
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dokler nista naletela
na nemškega znanstvenika,
na nemškega znanstvenika,
07:47
who realized that they were using two words
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ki je spoznal, da sta uporabljala
dve različni besedi
dve različni besedi
07:50
for forelimb and hind limb,
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za sprednji in zadnji ud,
07:52
whereas genetics does not differentiate
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medtem ko genetika tega ne razlikuje
07:56
and neither does German.
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in prav tako ne nemški jezik.
07:58
So bingo,
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Zadetek v polno,
08:00
problem solved.
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problem rešen.
08:02
If you can't think a thought,
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Če se ne moreš nečesa domisliti,
08:04
you are stuck.
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si obstal.
Če pa se lahko drug jezik domisli tega,
08:07
But if another language can think that thought,
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08:09
then, by cooperating,
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potem lahko, s sodelovanjem,
dosežemo in se naučimo veliko več.
dosežemo in se naučimo veliko več.
08:11
we can achieve and learn so much more.
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08:16
My daughter
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Moja hči je prišla v Anglijo iz Kuvajta.
08:18
came to England from Kuwait.
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08:21
She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic.
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Študirala je znanost
in matematiko v arabščini.
in matematiko v arabščini.
08:24
It's an Arabic medium school.
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Torej v arabski srednji šoli.
08:27
She had to translate it into English at her grammar school.
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V gimnaziji je morala
prevajati v angleščino.
prevajati v angleščino.
08:30
And she was the best in the class
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In pri teh predmetih
je bila najboljša v razredu.
je bila najboljša v razredu.
08:32
at those subjects.
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08:34
Which tells us
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Kar nam pove, da tujim študentom
08:36
that when students come to us from abroad,
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08:38
we may not be giving them enough credit
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morda ne priznavamo dovolj
vsega, kar znajo.
vsega, kar znajo.
08:40
for what they know,
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08:42
and they know it in their own language.
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in to znajo v svojem jeziku.
08:45
When a language dies,
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Ko umre jezik,
08:47
we don't know what we lose with that language.
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ne vemo, kaj vse izgubimo
hkrati s tem jezikom.
hkrati s tem jezikom.
08:50
This is -- I don't know if you saw it on CNN recently --
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Ne vem, če ste to videli pred kratkim;
08:54
they gave the Heroes Award
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CNN je podelil nagrado Heroes
mlademu kenijskemu pastirju,
mlademu kenijskemu pastirju,
08:56
to a young Kenyan shepherd boy
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08:59
who couldn't study at night in his village,
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ki se ponoči ni mogel učiti v svoji vasi,
kot vsi ostali vaški otroci,
kot vsi ostali vaški otroci,
09:02
like all the village children,
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09:04
because the kerosene lamp,
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ker je dim kerozinske svetilke
škodoval njegovim očem.
škodoval njegovim očem.
09:06
it had smoke and it damaged his eyes.
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09:08
And anyway, there was never enough kerosene,
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Tako in tako pa ni bilo
nikoli dovolj kerozina.
nikoli dovolj kerozina.
09:11
because what does a dollar a day buy for you?
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Kaj pa lahko kupiš za dolar na dan?
09:14
So he invented
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Tako je izumil brezplačno sončno svetilko.
09:16
a cost-free solar lamp.
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09:19
And now the children in his village
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In zdaj otroci v njegovi vasi
dobivajo enake ocene v šoli kot tisti,
dobivajo enake ocene v šoli kot tisti,
09:21
get the same grades at school
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09:23
as the children who have electricity at home.
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ki imajo elektriko doma.
09:27
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
09:33
When he received his award,
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Ko je prejel nagrado,
je izrekel te čudovite besede:
je izrekel te čudovite besede:
09:35
he said these lovely words:
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09:37
"The children can lead Africa from what it is today,
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»Otroci lahko povedejo Afriko
iz tega, kar je danes
iz tega, kar je danes
09:40
a dark continent,
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― temni kontinent,
09:42
to a light continent."
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v svetli kontinent.«
09:44
A simple idea,
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Preprosta ideja, ki lahko ima
daljnosežne posledice.
daljnosežne posledice.
09:46
but it could have such far-reaching consequences.
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09:50
People who have no light,
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Ljudje, ki nimajo svetlobe,
09:52
whether it's physical or metaphorical,
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pa naj bo ta fizična ali metaforična,
09:55
cannot pass our exams,
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ne morejo opraviti naših izpitov,
09:58
and we can never know what they know.
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mi pa ne moremo nikoli izvedeti,
kar vedo oni.
kar vedo oni.
10:01
Let us not keep them and ourselves
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Ne zadržujmo njih in sebe v temi.
10:04
in the dark.
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10:06
Let us celebrate diversity.
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Slavimo raznolikost.
10:09
Mind your language.
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Skrbite za svoj jezik.
10:12
Use it to spread great ideas.
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Uporabljajte ga za širitev velikih idej.
10:16
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
10:23
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
10:25
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patricia Ryan - Language teacherPatricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change.
Why you should listen
UK-born language teacher Patricia Ryan has spent most of the past 40 years teaching English in the countries of the Arabian Gulf.
She is currently teaching at Zayed University in Dubai, and studying for a second Masters degree in Law.
Patricia Ryan | Speaker | TED.com