TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
Julian Treasure: 5 načina da bolje slušate
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U našem sve glasnijem svetu, stručnjak za zvuk, Džulian Trežr, kaže, "Gubimo sposobnost slušanja“. U ovom kratkom, fascinantnom govoru, Trežr otkriva 5 načina da ponovo podesite svoje uši za svesno slušanje - ljudi i sveta oko vas.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
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Gubimo sposobnost slušanja.
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
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Približno 60 posto vremena u komunikaciji provodimo slušajući.
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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Ali to nam ne ide baš dobro.
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
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Pamtimo samo 25 posto onoga što čujemo.
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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Ne vi, ne ovaj govor,
00:28
but that is generally true.
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ali to je uglavnom tačno.
00:30
Let's define listening
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Hajde da definišemo slušanje
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
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kao davanje smisla zvuku.
00:34
It's a mental process,
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To je mentalni proses,
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
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i to proces izvlačenja.
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
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Da bismo to uradili, koristimo neke prilično zanimljive metode.
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
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Jedna od njih je prepoznavanje šablona.
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
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(Bučna masa ljudi) Recimo, ako na zabavi poput ove
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
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ja kažem: „Dejvide, Saro, obratite pažnju“,
00:47
some of you just sat up.
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neki od vas će jednostavno ustati.
00:49
We recognize patterns
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Šablone prepoznajemo
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
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da bismo razlikovali zvuk od signala,
00:53
and especially our name.
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naročito naša imena.
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
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Drugi metod je razlikovanje.
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
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Ako bi se ovaj šum čuo duže od nekoliko minuta,
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
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bukvalno ga više ne biste čuli.
01:02
We listen to differences,
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Mi slušamo razlike,
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
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a odbacujemo zvuke koji se ne menjaju.
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
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A postoji i mnogo različitih filtera.
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
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Ovi filteri nam pomažu da od svega što čujemo
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
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obratimo pažnju na samo nešto.
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
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Većina ljudi je potpuno nesvesna
01:17
of these filters.
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postojanja ovih filtera.
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
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Ali oni, na neki način, oblikuju našu stvarnost
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
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jer nas upućuju na ono na šta trenutno obraćamo pažnju.
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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Daću vam jedan primer:
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
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u zvuku, u slušanju, namera je jako bitna.
01:30
When I married my wife,
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Kada sam se oženio,
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
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obećao sam svojoj ženi da ću je slušati svakog dana
01:34
as if for the first time.
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kao da je prvi put.
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
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E, sad, to ne ispunjavam baš svaki dan.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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Ali bi bilo super imati takav odnos u vezi.
01:44
But that's not all.
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Ali, to nije sve.
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
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Zvuk nas smešta u prostor i vreme.
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
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Ako biste sada zatvorili oči, dok ste u ovoj prostoriji,
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
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bili biste svesni njene veličine
01:54
from the reverberation
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zahvaljujući odjeku
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
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i odbijanju zvuka o površine.
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
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I bili biste svesni koliko vas ljudi okružuje
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
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zahvaljujući mikro zvuku koji postoji.
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
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Zvuk nas smešta i u vreme,
02:06
because sound always has
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jer zvuk uvek
02:08
time embedded in it.
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uključuje i vreme.
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
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U stvari, ja smatram da je slušanje glavni način
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
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na koji stičemo svest o protoku vremena
02:14
from past to future.
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od prošlosti ka budućnosti.
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
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Zato je, „Zvučnost je vreme i značenje“ sjajna izreka.
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
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Na početku sam rekao da gubimo sposobnost slušanja.
02:21
Why did I say that?
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Zašto sam to rekao?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
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Pa, postoji mnogo razloga.
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
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Prvo, izumeli smo načine snimanja:
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
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prvo pisanje, zatim zvučno snimanje,
02:29
and now video recording as well.
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a sad postoji i video snimanje.
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
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Nagrada za precizno i pažljivo slušanje
02:34
has simply disappeared.
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jednostavno je nestala.
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
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Drugo, svet je sada toliko bučan,
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
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(buka) kakofonija ne prestaje,
02:41
visually and auditorily,
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vizuelna i zvučna,
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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pa je slušanje jako teško
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
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i zamorno.
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
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Mnogi utočište pronalaze u slušalicama,
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
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ali oni javna mesta poput ovog pretvaraju u
02:53
shared soundscapes,
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podeljena zvučna utočišta,
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
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u bezbroj majušnih, ličnih zvučnih mehura.
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
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Tu niko nikog ne sluša.
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
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Postajemo nestrpljivi.
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
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Više ne želimo retorike,
03:06
we want sound bites.
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nego zvučne porcije.
03:08
And the art of conversation
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A umetnost razgovaranja,
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
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bojim se, biva zamenjena
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
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ličnim emitovanjem.
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
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Ne znam koliko slušanja postoji u ovom razgovoru,
03:17
which is sadly very common,
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što je, nažalost, veoma česta pojava,
03:19
especially in the U.K.
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naročito u U.K.
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
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Postajemo neosetljivi.
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
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Mediji naslovima moraju da vrište na nas
03:26
in order to get our attention.
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da bi nam privukli pažnju.
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
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A to znači da je nama teže da obratimo pažnju
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
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na tiho, suptilno,
03:32
the understated.
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neizrečeno.
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
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Gubljenje sposobnosti slušanja ozbiljan je problem.
03:38
This is not trivial.
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I nije nebitno.
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
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Jer je slušanje naš pristup razumevanju.
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
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Svesno slušanje uvek dovodi do razumevanja.
03:47
And only without conscious listening
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A bez svesnog slušanja
03:50
can these things happen --
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može da se desi da
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
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svet u kome ljudi ne slušaju jedni druge
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
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postane zaista zastrašujuće mesto.
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
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Zato bih voleo da sa vama podelim
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
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pet jednostavnih vežbi koje treba zapamtiti
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
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kako biste poboljšali sposobnost svesnog slušanja.
04:05
Would you like that?
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Da li biste to želeli?
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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(Publika: Da.) Dobro.
04:09
The first one is silence.
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Prva je tišina.
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
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Samo tri minuta tišine dnevno
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
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divna je vežba
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
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da ponovo podesite svoje uši
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
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tako da možete ponovo da čujete tišinu.
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
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Ako nemate apsolutnu tišinu,
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
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potražite tiho mesto, i to je u redu.
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
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Drugu vežbu zovem mikser.
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
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(Buka) Jer čak i ako ste u bučnom okruženju poput ovog -
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
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a svi provodimo dosta vremena na ovakvim mestima -
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
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u kafiću slušajte
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
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koliko zvučnih kanala možete čuti.
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
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Koliko pojedinačnih kanala u toj mešavini slušam?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
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Pokušajte i na lepšim mestima, poput jezera.
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
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Koliko ptica čujem?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
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Gde su? Odakle se čuje žuborenje?
04:47
It's a great exercise
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Ova vežba je sjajna
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
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za poboljšavanje kvaliteta svoje sposobnosti slušanja.
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
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Treću vežbu zovem naslađivanjem,
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
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i divna je vežba.
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
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Radi se o uživanju u svakodnevnim zvucima.
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
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Recimo, ovo je zvuk moje mašine za sušenje veša.
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
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(sušenje) Ovo je valcer.
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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Je'n, dva, tri. Je'n, dva, tri. Je'n, dva, tri.
05:06
I love it.
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Obožavam je.
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
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Ili, zbog veličine, poslušajte ovo.
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
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(Mlin za kafu)
05:19
Wow!
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Opa!
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
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Tako da i svakodnevni zvuci mogu biti jako zanimljivi ako obratite pažnju.
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
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To zovem skrivenim horom.
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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Sve vreme je oko nas.
05:27
The next exercise
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Sledeća vežba je
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
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verovatno najvažnija od ovih pet,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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ako uklonite samo jedno.
05:33
This is listening positions --
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To su položaji za slušanje:
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
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možete da promenite položaj za slušanje
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
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u položaj koji više odgovara onome što slušate.
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
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To predstavlja igranje sa onim filterima.
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
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Setite se, pomenuo sam te filtere na početku.
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
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Ovo je igranje sa njima kao sa polugama
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
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da bismo ih postali svesni i da bismo otišli na drugo mesto.
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
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Ovo su samo neki od položaja,
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
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ili skale položaja za slušanje, koje možete koristiti.
05:54
There are many.
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Ima ih mnogo.
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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Zabavljajte se sa njima. Jako je zanimljivo.
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
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I konačno, akronim.
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
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Ovo možete koristiti prilikom slušanja i komunikacije.
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
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Ako ste u bilo kojoj od ovih uloga -
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
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a mislim da svi koji slušaju ovaj govor jesu -
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
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akronim je RASA,
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
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a to je reč iz sanskrita
06:13
for juice or essence.
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koja označava sok ili suštinu.
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
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RASA predstavlja Recepciju,
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
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što znači da obraćamo pažnju na osobu;
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
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Cenjenje, slanje malih signala,
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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poput aha, oh, dobro;
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
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Sumiranje, jer je reč „dakle“ jako važna u komunikaciji;
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
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i Zapitkivanje, postavljanje pitanja kasnije.
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
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E, sad, zvuk je moja strast, moj život.
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
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Napisao sam i knjigu o zvuku. Dakle, živim da bih slušao.
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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Bilo bi previše tražiti to od većine ljudi.
06:37
But I believe that every human being
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Ali verujem da je svim ljudima
06:39
needs to listen consciously
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potrebno da svesno slušaju
06:41
in order to live fully --
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da bi živeli u potpunosti -
06:43
connected in space and in time
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povezani u vremenu i prostoru
06:45
to the physical world around us,
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sa fizičkim svetom koji nas okružuje,
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
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povezani međusobnim razumevanjem,
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
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a da ne pominjem i duhovnu povezanost,
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
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jer svaki duhovni put za koji znam
06:53
has listening and contemplation
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ima slušanje i kontemplaciju
06:55
at its heart.
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u svojoj suštini.
06:57
That's why
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Zato
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
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je potrebno u školama učiti slušanje
07:01
as a skill.
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kao veštinu.
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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Zašto se slušanje ne uči? To je ludost.
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
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A ako bismo slušanje učili u školi,
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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slušanje bi od nesigurnog prešlo
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
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u onaj opasni, strašni svet o kome sam govorio
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
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i pretvorilo ga u svet u kome svi svesno slušaju sve vreme -
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
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ili su bar sposobni za to.
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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Ne znam kako to da uradimo,
07:21
but this is TED,
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ali ovo je TED,
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
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a mislim da je zajednica TED sposobna za sve.
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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Zato vas pozivam da se povežete sa mnom i jedni sa drugima,
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
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da se misija raširi i da se slušanje uči u školi,
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
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i da se kroz jednu generaciju svet pretvori u svesno slušanje -
07:35
a world of connection,
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u svet povezanosti,
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
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svet razumevanja i mira.
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
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Hvala vam što ste me danas slušali.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com