TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
जुलियन ट्रेजर: राम्रो सुन्ने ५ तरिकाहरु
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अहिलेको हाम्रो कोलाहलमय संसारको परिप्रेक्ष्यमा, ध्वनिविद् जुलियन ट्रेजर भन्छन्, "हामीहरु सुन्ने क्षमता गुमाईरहेका छौँ।यो छोटो, आकर्षक प्रवचनमा, ट्रेजरले पाँच उपाय सुझाउँछन दक्ष सुनाईका -- अरु मानिसहरु र तपाईँ वरिपरिको संसारलाई सुन्ने।
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
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हामी सुन्ने क्षमता गुमाउदैँ छौँ।
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
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हामी अन्दाजी ६० प्रतिशत समय सुनेर गर्ने सन्चारमा खर्च गर्छौँ।
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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तर हामी यसमा त्यति पोख्त चाँहि छैनौँ।
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
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हामीले सुनेको २५ प्रतिशत मात्र लिन्छौँ।
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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अहिले तपाईँहरु, यो प्रवचनलाई भनेको होइन है,
00:28
but that is generally true.
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तर साधारणतया यस्तै हुन्छ।
00:30
Let's define listening
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ल हामी सुनाईलाई परिभाषित गरौँ
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
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ध्वनिको अर्थ बुझ्ने कामको रुपमा।
00:34
It's a mental process,
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यो एउटा दिमागी प्रक्रिया हो,
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
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र यो एउटा निचोडात्मक प्रक्रिया हो।
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
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यसको लागि हामीले केही चाखलाग्दा तरिकाहरु प्रयोग गर्छौँ।
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
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यी मध्ये एउटा ढाँचा पहिचान हो,
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
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(भीडको हल्ला) यस्तो ककटेल पार्टीमा,
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
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यदि मैले, "डेभिड, सारा, यता सुन त,"
00:47
some of you just sat up.
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भन्दा केहि चुपचाप बस्नुहुन्छ।
00:49
We recognize patterns
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हामीले ढाँचालाई चिनेर
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
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हल्लाबाट चाहिएको सङ्केतलाई छुट्टयाउँछौँ,
00:53
and especially our name.
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विशेषगरि आफ्नो नाम।
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
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फरक छुट्टयाउने अर्को तरिका हो।
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
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मैले यो ध्वनि केही मिनेटसम्म बजाइरहे भनेँ,
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
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तपाईँहरुले सुन्ने चेष्टा गर्नुहुन्न।
01:02
We listen to differences,
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हामी फरकलाई सुन्छौँ,
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
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अनि नफेरिने ध्वनिलाई छोड्दिन्छौँ।
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
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अनि धेरै प्रकारका फिल्टरहरु अाउँछन।
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
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यस्ता फिल्टरहरुले हामीलाई ठ्याक्कै
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
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त्यहाँ पुर्याउछन जुन कुरा हामी सुन्न खोजिरहेका हुन्छौँ।
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
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धेरै जनालाई यस्ता फिल्टरबारे
01:17
of these filters.
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थाहा नै हुदैँन।
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
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तर खासमा तिनीहरुले नै वास्तविकता देखाउँछन,
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
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किनभने यस्ता फिल्टरहरुले नै हामी कुन कुरामा ध्यान दिदैँ छौँ भन्ने बताउँछन्।
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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म एउटा उदाहरण दिन्छु:
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
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सुन्नको लागि नियत पनि महत्वपुर्ण कुरा हो।
01:30
When I married my wife,
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जब मैले बिहे गरेँ,
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
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मैले वाचा गरेको थिएँ उनका कुरा सधैँ सुन्नेछु
01:34
as if for the first time.
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जिन्दगीमा पहिलो पटक।
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
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र अहिले म सधैँ यो कुरा पुरा गर्न सकेको छैन।
01:39
(Laughter)
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(हाँसो)
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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तर यस्तो अभिप्राय राख्नु सम्बन्धमा राम्रो हुन्छ।
01:44
But that's not all.
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तर यो पनि सबै होइन।
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
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ध्वनिले नै हामीलाई स्पेस(स्थान) र समयमा स्थापित गराउँछ।
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
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यदि तपाईले अहिले यो कोठामा आँखा बन्द गर्नुभयो भने पनि
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
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तपाईँले यो कोठाको साइज अनुमान लगाउन सक्नुहुन्छ
01:54
from the reverberation
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प्रतिध्वनिबाट
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
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र भित्ताहरुबाट फर्केको आवाज सुनेर।
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
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र यहाँ कति मान्छे छन भन्ने पनि अनुमान लगाउन सकिन्छ
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
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किनभन्दा सानासाना आवाजहरु तपाईँहरु सुनिरहनुभएको छ।
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
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अनि ध्वनिले हामीलाई समयमा राख्छ,
02:06
because sound always has
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किनभन्दा ध्वनिमा सधैँ
02:08
time embedded in it.
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समय पनि समाहित हुन्छ।
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
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खासमा, म के भन्न रुचाउँछु भने सुनाई नै प्रमुख कुरा हो
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
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जसबाट हामी समयलाई अनुभव गर्छौँ
02:14
from past to future.
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विगतदेखि भविष्यसम्म।
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
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त्यसैले "ध्वन्यात्मकता नै समय र अर्थ हो(Sonority is time and meaningJean-Luc Nancy)" -- एउटा राम्रो उद्गार।
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
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मैले सुरुमा नै भनेको थिएँ, हामीहरु सुन्ने क्षमता गुमाउँदै छौँ।
02:21
Why did I say that?
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मैले किन त्यस्तो भनेँ त?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
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त्यसको पछाडि धेरै कारणहरु छन्।
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
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पहिलो, हामीले रेकर्डिङ प्रविधि पत्ता लगायौँ--
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
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पहिले लेखाई, त्यसपछि ध्वनि रेकर्डिङ
02:29
and now video recording as well.
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अनि अहिले भिडियो रेकर्डिङ।
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
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जुन ध्यान र शुध्द सुन्ने प्रयास गरिन्थ्यो
02:34
has simply disappeared.
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त्यो सजिलो हराएर गयो।
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
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दोस्रो, संसार धेरै कोलाहलमय छ,
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
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(हल्ला) यस्ता कर्कश हल्लाहरु भइरहेछन,
02:41
visually and auditorily,
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श्रव्य र दृश्य दुवैमा,
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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अनि सुन्न गार्हो हुदै छ,
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
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अनि सुन्दैमा थाकिने भइसक्यो।
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
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धेरै मानिसहरुले हेडफोन प्रयोग गर्छन,
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
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तर त्यसले पनि ठुला, सार्वजनिक स्थल,
02:53
shared soundscapes,
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जस्तै यहाँ, यी साझा ध्वनिहरु,
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
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लाखौँ, साना, मसिना व्यक्तिगत ध्वनिवृत्तमा परिवर्तन हुन्छन्।
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
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यस्तो परिदृश्यमा, कसैले कसैलाई सुनेको हुदैँन।
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
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हामीहरु अधैर्य बन्दै छौँ।
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
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हामीलाई वक्तृत्व मन पर्दैन,
03:06
we want sound bites.
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चाखलाग्दो बयान मन पर्छ।
03:08
And the art of conversation
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साथै कुराकानीको कला
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
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प्रतिस्थापित हुदैँ छ-- खतरनाक रुपमा, मेरो विचारमा--
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
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व्यक्त्तिगत सन्चारले।
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
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म भन्न सक्दिन यो प्रवचनमा कतिको सुनिएको छ,
03:17
which is sadly very common,
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दुखद कुरा यो सर्वत्र छ,
03:19
especially in the U.K.
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खासगरि संयुक्त अधिराज्यमा।
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
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हामीहरु कम संवेदनशील हुदैँ छौँ।
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
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हाम्रा मिडियाहरु कराउनै पर्छ हेडलाइनहरु तिर
03:26
in order to get our attention.
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हाम्रो ध्यान तान्न।
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
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र यसले के बताउँछ भने हाम्रो ध्यान पुग्दैन
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
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साना, मसिना,
03:32
the understated.
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अनि कम चर्चा गरिएकामा।
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
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यो गम्भिर समस्या हो कि हामी सुन्ने क्षमता गुमाउदैँ छौँ।
03:38
This is not trivial.
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यो साधारण हुदैँ होइन।
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
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किनभने सुनाई हाम्रो बुझाईको ढोका हो।
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
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सचेत सुनाईले सधैँ बुझाईलाई सघाउँछ।
03:47
And only without conscious listening
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र सचेत सुनाई बिना
03:50
can these things happen --
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यस्ता कुरा हुन सक्छन--
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
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एउटा यस्तो संसार जहाँ एउटाले अर्कोलाई सुन्दैन,
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
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पक्कै पनि डरलाग्दो ठाउँ हुनेछ।
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
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त्यसैले म के कुरा बाँड्न चाहन्छु भने
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
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पाँच साधारण अभ्यासहरु, साधनहरु जुन तपाईँ सगैँ लिएर जहाँ पनि पुग्न सक्नुहुन्छ,
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
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आफ्नो सचेत सुनाईलाई सुधार्न।
04:05
Would you like that?
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के तपाईँहरु यो चाहनुहुन्छ?
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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(श्रोताहरु : हजुर) राम्रो।
04:09
The first one is silence.
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पहिलो हो शान्ति।
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
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दिनमा तीन मिनेट (शान्तिमा)मौन बस्नु
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
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एउटा राम्रो अभ्यास हो
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
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जसले तपाईँका कानलाई जाँचेर पहिलेकै अवस्थामा पुर्याउँछ
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
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अनि तपाईँले पहिले जस्तै सुन्न सक्नुहुन्छ।
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
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यदि पुर्ण शान्ति मिल्दैन भने
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
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चुपचाप भए पनि हुन्छ।
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
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दोस्रो, म यसलाई मिक्सर भन्छु।
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
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(हल्ला) यदि यस्तो कोलाहलमय वातावरणमा तपाईँ पर्नुभयो भने--
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
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र हामी सबैजसोले धेरैजसो समय यस्तै हल्लामा बस्छौँ --
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
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कफि बार सुनौँ
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
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कति च्यानलहरु मैले सुन्न सक्छु त?
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
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ती मध्ये कति च्यानललाई मैले खासमा सुनिरहेको हुन्छु?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
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तपाईँले यो सुन्दर ठाउँमा पनि गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ, जस्तै तालको छेउछाउमा।
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
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कति चराको आवाज म सुन्न सक्छु?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
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तिनीहरु कहाँ छन? अनि त्यो छाल नि?
04:47
It's a great exercise
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यो एउटा राम्रो अभ्यास हो
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
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सुन्ने क्षमताको गुणस्तर बढाउनको लागि।
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
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तेस्रो, यो अभ्यासलाई म रमाउनु भन्छु,
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
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र यो एउटा सुन्दर अभ्यास हो।
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
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यो साधारण आवाजहरुमा नै रमाउनुसित सम्बन्धित छ।
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
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ल, उदाहरणको लागि, मेरो सुकाउने मेसिनलाई लिउँ।
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
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(ड्रायरको आवाज) यो वाल्ट्ज सङ्गीत हो।
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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एक, दुइ, तीन।एक, दुइ, तीन।एक, दुइ, तीन।
05:06
I love it.
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मलाई यो मन पर्छ।
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
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अथवा यो पो विचार गर्ने कि?
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
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(कफि पिस्ने )
05:19
Wow!
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आहा!
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
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यस्ता साधारण ध्वनिहरु पनि रोचक हुन्छन ध्यान दिने हो भने।
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
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म यसलाई अदृश्य वाद्य भन्छु।
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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यस्ता ध्वनि सधैँ हाम्रो वरिपरि भेटिन्छन।
05:27
The next exercise
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अर्को अभ्यास
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
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जुन सबैभन्दा महत्वपुर्ण हुन पनि सक्छ,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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जब तपाईँले एउटा कुरा छोड्नुहुन्छ।
05:33
This is listening positions --
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त्यो सुन्ने अवस्था वा आसन हो --
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
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मुल कुरा के भने तपाईँले आफ्नो सुन्ने आसन वा अवस्था परिवर्तन गर्ने
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
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जबसम्म उचित सुन्ने अवस्थामा पुगिदैँन।
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
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यो पनि ती फिल्टरहरुसँग नै खेल्ने हो।
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
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तपाईँलाई याद छ नि, मैले सुरुमा तपाईहरुलाई फिल्टर दिएको थिएँ।
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
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अब यसको खेल सुरु भयो तिनिहरुलाई लिभर जस्तो गरेर
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
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तिनीहरुबारे सचेत हुने र फरकफरक ठाउँमा सारेर हेर्ने।
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
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यी केही सुन्ने अवस्था वा आसनहरु हुन,
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
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जुन तपाईँहरु प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।
05:54
There are many.
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यस्ता धेरै छन।
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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यसमा रमाउनुस। यो रोचक पनि छ।
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
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अनि अन्तिममा एउटा संक्षेप है।
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
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तपाईँले यसलाई सुनाईमा वा सन्चारमा प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
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यदि तपाईँ यस्तो रोलमा हुनुहुन्छ भने --
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
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र मलाई लाग्छ सबैजसो जो यो प्रवचन सुन्दै हुनहुन्छ --
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
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यो संक्षेप हो 'रस'।(RASA)
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
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जुन एउटा संस्कृत शब्द हो
06:13
for juice or essence.
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रस वा सारको लागि।
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
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अब 'रस' को पुरा रुप हुन्छ पाउनु (Receive)
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
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अर्थात स्रोत तिर ध्यान दिएर केहि पाउनु,
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
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सराहना गर्नु (Appreciate), सानो आवाज निकाल्नु
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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जस्तै अँ, ओहो, ठिक छ,
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
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सारांश निकाल्नु (Summarize), "त्यसैले" भन्ने शब्द सन्चारमा धेरै महत्वपुर्ण छ,
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
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अनि सोध्नु(Ask), पछि प्रश्न सोध्ने।
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
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अहिले आवाज नै मेरो लागि उत्साह हो, यो नै मेरो जिवन हो।
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
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मैले यसकै बारेमा किताब लेखिसकेँ। त्यसैले म सुन्नकै लागि बाँच्छु।
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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यो अति नै धेरै हुन सक्छ कति मानिसहरुको लागि।
06:37
But I believe that every human being
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तर म के मा विश्वास गर्छु भने मान्छेले
06:39
needs to listen consciously
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सचेत भएर सुन्नुपर्छ
06:41
in order to live fully --
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पुरा जिवन जिउनलाई--
06:43
connected in space and in time
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स्थान (space) र समयमा जोडिन
06:45
to the physical world around us,
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हाम्रो वरपरको भौतिक संसारसँग,
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
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एक अर्काको बुझाइलाई जोड्न,
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
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आध्यात्मिक संयोजनको कुरै नगरौँ,
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
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किनकि मैले थाहा पाएको आध्यात्मिक मार्गमा
06:53
has listening and contemplation
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सुनाइ र यसको मनन
06:55
at its heart.
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नै केन्द्रमा रहेको छ।
06:57
That's why
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त्यसैले
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
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हाम्रा स्कुलहरुमा सुन्न सिकाइनु पर्छ
07:01
as a skill.
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एउटा सीपको रुपमा।
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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यो किन गरिदैनँ? अनौठो छ।
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
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यदि हामीले सुनाइलाई स्कुलमा सिकाइयो भने,
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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हाम्रो सुनाइलाई भिरालो धरापबाट
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
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खतरनाक संसारमा ल्याउन सक्छौँ जसको बारेमा मैले कुरा गरेँ
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
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र त्यहाँ लैजान सक्छौँ जहाँ सबै सचेत भएर सुनिरहेका हुनेछन --
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
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अथवा कम्तिमा यसको लागि तयार हुनेछन।
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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अहिले त्यो कसरी होला भन्न सकिदैँन,
07:21
but this is TED,
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तर यो TED हो,
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
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र मलाई लाग्छ TED समुदाय जे गर्न पनि सक्षम छ।
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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त्यसैले म तपाईँलाई मसँग सम्पर्क गर्न निम्त्याउँछु, र सबैसँग सम्पर्कमा रहनको लागि,
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
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यो कार्यलाई सबैतिर पुर्याउनुहोस अनि स्कुलमा पनि सुनाइ सिकाइयोस,
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
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जसले संसारलाई यस्तो पुस्तामा रुपान्तरण गरोस जुन सचेत सुनाइ सहितको हुनेछ --
07:35
a world of connection,
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संचार सम्पर्कको संसार,
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
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बुझाइको अनि शान्तिको संसार।
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
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मलाई आज सुनिदिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद।
07:42
(Applause)
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(ताली)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com