TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
朱利安·特雷热:5 种倾听的方法
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我们生活的世界正在变得越来越嘈杂， 声音专家Julian Trasure 说，”我们正在失去倾听的能力”这个简短但十分精彩的演讲中，特雷热分享了5 种方法来调节你的听觉习惯，从而更好的去倾听你身边的朋友和整个世界。
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
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我们正在丧失倾听的能力
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
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我们交流过程中60%的时间都是用来倾听
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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但其实我们并不擅长倾听
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
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我们只保留了25%所听到的内容
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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不是指在座各位和这个演讲
00:28
but that is generally true.
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这是一个普遍的事实
00:30
Let's define listening
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让我们来定义倾听
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
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就是使得声音有意义
00:34
It's a mental process,
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这是一个心理过程
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
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它也是一个提取的过程
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
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我们用一些很酷的技术完成这个过程
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
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其中之一是模式识别技术
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
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（人群噪音）在像这样的一个鸡尾酒会上
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
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如果我说 “大卫，莎拉，注意了”
00:47
some of you just sat up.
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你们中间就会有人坐直身子
00:49
We recognize patterns
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我们能识别出一些声音特点
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
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从而从信号中区分它们
00:53
and especially our name.
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特别是对于自己的名字
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
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区分是我们用的另外一个技术
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
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如果我让这种粉红噪声保持几分钟
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
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你就不会很认真的听它了
01:02
We listen to differences,
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我们只会听有变化声音
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
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我们不大专注于持续不变的声音
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
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这里有一系列的过滤功能
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
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它把我们从所有声音中抽离出来
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
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重点去听我们所关注的
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
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大多数人都完全没有察觉这些
01:17
of these filters.
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过滤器
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
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但是它们在某种程度上创造了现实生活
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
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因为它们告诉我们当下我们正在关注什么
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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举个例子：
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
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意向在声音和听觉中非常重要
01:30
When I married my wife,
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我娶我夫人的时候
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
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我向她承诺我每天都会像我们第一次见面那样
01:34
as if for the first time.
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去倾听她
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
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现在我每天都在下降
01:39
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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但这是这种关系下的一个很好的意愿
01:44
But that's not all.
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但这不是全部
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
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声音把我们置于时间和空间中
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
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如果你现在马上闭上眼
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
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你会通过声音回响以及声音
01:54
from the reverberation
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在物体表面撞击的力度
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
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感觉出这件房间的大小
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
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你还可以感觉到在你周围有多少人
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
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因为你可以听到周围微小的噪音
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
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同时，声音还把我们置于时间中
02:06
because sound always has
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因为声音总是和时间
02:08
time embedded in it.
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并存的
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
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实际上我认为听觉是我们最主要的方式
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
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去感受时间从过去到未来
02:14
from past to future.
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的流动
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
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因此 “声音是时间和存在”--很好的引述
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
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我在演讲开始的时候说过，我们正逐渐丧失倾听的能力
02:21
Why did I say that?
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我为什么这么说呢？
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
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这里面有许多的原因
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
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首先，我们发明了记录的方式--
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
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一开始通过书写，接着是录音
02:29
and now video recording as well.
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然后到了现在可以记录影像
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
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精确、仔细的倾听所带来的好处
02:34
has simply disappeared.
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已经消失了
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
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第二，现在的世界太嘈杂了
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
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（噪音）伴随着视觉、听觉上的
02:41
visually and auditorily,
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这样的污染
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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已经很难去倾听了
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
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也疲于去倾听了
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
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许多人用耳机逃避吵杂的世界
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
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但是他们把像这样的庞大的，公共空间
02:53
shared soundscapes,
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本可被共享的音乐场景
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
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变成了数百万个这样的私人音乐小气泡
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
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这种情况下，没有人会倾听其他人
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
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我们正在变得浮躁
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
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我们更青睐简单的语言而不再需要
03:06
we want sound bites.
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那些华丽的词藻
03:08
And the art of conversation
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交谈的艺术
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
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正在被私人化的平实语言所取代
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
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我认为这是很危险的
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
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我不清楚这种交谈中倾听能够占几成
03:17
which is sadly very common,
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通常都很不乐观
03:19
especially in the U.K.
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特别是在英国
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
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我们正在变得麻木
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
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媒体不得不用这样的标题向我们“嘶吼”
03:26
in order to get our attention.
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就是为了夺人眼球
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
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这就意味着我们难以专注于
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
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安静的，细微的
03:32
the understated.
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需要理解的东西
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
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丧失倾听的能力是个很严重的问题
03:38
This is not trivial.
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这不是没有意义的
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
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因为倾听是我们去认识事物的途径
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
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有意识的去倾听往往有助于我们的理解力
03:47
And only without conscious listening
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如果失去有意识的倾听
03:50
can these things happen --
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就会导致以下的后果--
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
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一个人们不会相互倾听的世界
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
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是非常可怕的
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
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因此 我希望与大家分享
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
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五个简单的技巧来帮助大家
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
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改进自己有意识的倾听
04:05
Would you like that?
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你们想听吗？
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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（听众：当然） 好！
04:09
The first one is silence.
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首先是安静
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
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每天只需拿出三分钟让自己安静下来
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
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就是一个很好的练习
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
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来让听觉系统进行重置和调整
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
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从而可以再一次感受到宁静
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
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如果没有完全无声的环境
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
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那就去一个安静的地方也没问题
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
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第二点，我称之为混合器
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
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（噪音）即使你在一个像这样嘈杂的环境中--
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
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我们很多时间都生活在这样的环境中--
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
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在咖啡厅里听
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
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你可以听到多少种声音？
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
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你可以在混杂噪音中分辨出多少独立的声音？
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
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这种方法也可以在幽静的地方练习，比如在湖边
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
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我可以听到多少种鸟叫声？
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
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它们从哪里发出？传向哪里？
04:47
It's a great exercise
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这也是很好的练习
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
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来改善我们的听觉能力
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
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第三点，我称之为品味声音
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
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这是个很好的练习
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
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是关于享受平淡声音的
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This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
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比如说，这是我的滚筒式干衣机
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
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（干衣机）像华尔兹一样
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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1－2－3，1－2－3，1－2－3
05:06
I love it.
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我喜欢它
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
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或者试试这个
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
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（咖啡研磨机）
05:19
Wow!
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哇喔！
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
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如果你用心，如此平凡的声音也可以这样有趣
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
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我称其为隐形合唱团
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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他们一直都在我们周围
05:27
The next exercise
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下一个练习
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
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也许是五项之中最重要的
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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如果只选一个的话
05:33
This is listening positions --
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那就是倾听的状态--
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
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你可以改变你倾听的状态
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
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根据你所听的内容而定
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
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这些要用到哪些过滤器
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
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还记得吗，我开始的时候提到过的
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
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像一个杠杆一样去运用它们
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
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根据它们来移动到不同的地方
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
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屏幕上只是一部分倾听的状态
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
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或者是大家可以运用的倾听状态的一些尺度
05:54
There are many.
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还有许多
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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它很有趣，很让人激动
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
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最后，是一个缩略词
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
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你可以在倾听、交流时用到它
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
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只要你处于其中一种情况下--
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
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我想可能听这个演讲的在座各位都是吧--
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
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这个缩写就是RASA
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
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它本身是个梵文
06:13
for juice or essence.
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意思是汁液或者精华
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
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同时RASA这里代表着 接受
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
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意思是关注于与你交谈的人
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
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赏识，做出些反映
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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比如，恩，哦，好不错；
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
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小结 “所以，因此”这个词在交流中是非常重要的
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
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以及 询问 最后的时候问些问题
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
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声音是我的爱好 我的生命
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
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我为此写了一本书，所以我为倾听而生
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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当然这对大多数人来说要求太高了
06:37
But I believe that every human being
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但是我相信每一个人
06:39
needs to listen consciously
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都需要有意识的倾听
06:41
in order to live fully --
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才是完整的生活--
06:43
connected in space and in time
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把空间和时间
06:45
to the physical world around us,
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和我们周围的自然世界联系起来
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
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把每个人用相互理解联系起来
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
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更不用说是精神层面的联系
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
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因为每一个我了解的精神幽径
06:53
has listening and contemplation
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都包括发自内心的倾听
06:55
at its heart.
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和凝视
06:57
That's why
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这就是为什么
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
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我们需要在学校把倾听当作一个技能
07:01
as a skill.
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去传授
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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为什么实际情况却相反？太不可理解了
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
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如果我们可以在学校里传授倾听技巧
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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可以阻止我们的听觉坠向我提到过的
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
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那个危险、可怕的世界
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
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并将其引导到一个每个人都乐于有意识的去倾听的地方--
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
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或者至少有能力去倾听
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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现在还不知道如何做到这点
07:21
but this is TED,
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但这就是TED
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
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我认为TED团体有能力做任何事情
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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因此我邀请大家联系我，同时彼此互相联系
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
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秉承这个使命，同时让倾听课程进入学校
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
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通过一代人的努力把世界变成一个乐于倾听的世界--
07:35
a world of connection,
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一个彼此联系的世界
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
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一个相互理解的世界 一个和平的世界
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
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谢谢大家今天倾听我的演讲
07:42
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com