ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better

朱利安·特雷热:5 种倾听的方法

Filmed:
8,060,876 views

我们生活的世界正在变得越来越嘈杂, 声音专家Julian Trasure 说,”我们正在失去倾听的能力”这个简短但十分精彩的演讲中,特雷热分享了5 种方法来调节你的听觉习惯,从而更好的去倾听你身边的朋友和整个世界。
- Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
We are losing失去 our listening.
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我们正在丧失倾听的能力
00:18
We spend roughly大致 60 percent百分 of our communication通讯 time listening,
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我们交流过程中60%的时间都是用来倾听
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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但其实我们并不擅长倾听
00:24
We retain保留 just 25 percent百分 of what we hear.
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我们只保留了25%所听到的内容
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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不是指在座各位和这个演讲
00:28
but that is generally通常 true真正.
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这是一个普遍的事实
00:30
Let's define确定 listening
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让我们来定义倾听
00:32
as making制造 meaning含义 from sound声音.
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就是使得声音有意义
00:34
It's a mental心理 process处理,
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这是一个心理过程
00:36
and it's a process处理 of extraction萃取.
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它也是一个提取的过程
00:38
We use some pretty漂亮 cool techniques技术 to do this.
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我们用一些很酷的技术完成这个过程
00:40
One of them is pattern模式 recognition承认.
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其中之一是模式识别技术
00:42
(Crowd人群 Noise噪声) So in a cocktail鸡尾酒 party派对 like this,
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(人群噪音)在像这样的一个鸡尾酒会上
00:45
if I say, "David大卫, Sara萨拉, pay工资 attention注意,"
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如果我说 “大卫,莎拉,注意了”
00:47
some of you just satSAT up.
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你们中间就会有人坐直身子
00:49
We recognize认识 patterns模式
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我们能识别出一些声音特点
00:51
to distinguish区分 noise噪声 from signal信号,
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从而从信号中区分它们
00:53
and especially特别 our name名称.
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特别是对于自己的名字
00:55
Differencing差分 is another另一个 technique技术 we use.
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区分是我们用的另外一个技术
00:57
If I left this pink noise噪声 on for more than a couple一对 of minutes分钟,
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如果我让这种粉红噪声保持几分钟
01:00
you would literally按照字面 cease停止 to hear it.
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你就不会很认真的听它了
01:02
We listen to differences分歧,
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我们只会听有变化声音
01:04
we discount折扣 sounds声音 that remain the same相同.
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我们不大专注于持续不变的声音
01:07
And then there is a whole整个 range范围 of filters过滤器.
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这里有一系列的过滤功能
01:10
These filters过滤器 take us from all sound声音
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它把我们从所有声音中抽离出来
01:13
down to what we pay工资 attention注意 to.
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重点去听我们所关注的
01:15
Most people are entirely完全 unconscious无意识
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大多数人都完全没有察觉这些
01:17
of these filters过滤器.
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过滤器
01:19
But they actually其实 create创建 our reality现实 in a way,
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但是它们在某种程度上创造了现实生活
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying付款 attention注意 to right now.
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因为它们告诉我们当下我们正在关注什么
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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举个例子:
01:27
Intention意向 is very important重要 in sound声音, in listening.
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意向在声音和听觉中非常重要
01:30
When I married已婚 my wife妻子,
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我娶我夫人的时候
01:32
I promised许诺 her that I would listen to her every一切 day
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我向她承诺我每天都会像我们第一次见面那样
01:34
as if for the first time.
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去倾听她
01:36
Now that's something I fall秋季 short of on a daily日常 basis基础.
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现在我每天都在下降
01:39
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:41
But it's a great intention意向 to have in a relationship关系.
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但这是这种关系下的一个很好的意愿
01:44
But that's not all.
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但这不是全部
01:46
Sound声音 places地方 us in space空间 and in time.
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声音把我们置于时间和空间中
01:49
If you close your eyes眼睛 right now in this room房间,
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如果你现在马上闭上眼
01:52
you're aware知道的 of the size尺寸 of the room房间
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你会通过声音回响以及声音
01:54
from the reverberation混响
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在物体表面撞击的力度
01:56
and the bouncing蹦蹦 of the sound声音 off the surfaces.
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感觉出这件房间的大小
01:58
And you're aware知道的 of how many许多 people are around you
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你还可以感觉到在你周围有多少人
02:00
because of the micro-noises微噪声 you're receiving接收.
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因为你可以听到周围微小的噪音
02:03
And sound声音 places地方 us in time as well,
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同时,声音还把我们置于时间中
02:06
because sound声音 always has
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因为声音总是和时间
02:08
time embedded嵌入式 in it.
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并存的
02:10
In fact事实, I would suggest建议 that our listening is the main主要 way
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实际上我认为听觉是我们最主要的方式
02:12
that we experience经验 the flow of time
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去感受时间从过去到未来
02:14
from past过去 to future未来.
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的流动
02:16
So, "Sonority郑重 is time and meaning含义" -- a great quote引用.
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因此 “声音是时间和存在”--很好的引述
02:18
I said at the beginning开始, we're losing失去 our listening.
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我在演讲开始的时候说过,我们正逐渐丧失倾听的能力
02:21
Why did I say that?
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我为什么这么说呢?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons原因 for this.
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这里面有许多的原因
02:25
First of all, we invented发明 ways方法 of recording记录 --
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首先,我们发明了记录的方式--
02:27
first writing写作, then audio音频 recording记录
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一开始通过书写,接着是录音
02:29
and now video视频 recording记录 as well.
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然后到了现在可以记录影像
02:31
The premium额外费用 on accurate准确 and careful小心 listening
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精确、仔细的倾听所带来的好处
02:34
has simply只是 disappeared消失.
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已经消失了
02:36
Secondly其次, the world世界 is now so noisy嘈杂,
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第二,现在的世界太嘈杂了
02:39
(Noise噪声) with this cacophony杂音 going on
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(噪音)伴随着视觉、听觉上的
02:41
visually视觉 and auditorily听觉,
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这样的污染
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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已经很难去倾听了
02:46
it's tiring累人 to listen.
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也疲于去倾听了
02:48
Many许多 people take refuge避难所 in headphones头戴耳机,
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许多人用耳机逃避吵杂的世界
02:50
but they turn big, public上市 spaces空间 like this,
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但是他们把像这样的庞大的,公共空间
02:53
shared共享 soundscapes音景,
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本可被共享的音乐场景
02:55
into millions百万 of tiny, little personal个人 sound声音 bubbles泡泡.
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变成了数百万个这样的私人音乐小气泡
02:59
In this scenario脚本, nobody's没有人是 listening to anybody任何人.
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这种情况下,没有人会倾听其他人
03:02
We're becoming变得 impatient不耐烦.
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我们正在变得浮躁
03:04
We don't want oratory演讲 anymore,
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我们更青睐简单的语言而不再需要
03:06
we want sound声音 bites咬伤.
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那些华丽的词藻
03:08
And the art艺术 of conversation会话
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交谈的艺术
03:10
is being存在 replaced更换 -- dangerously危险, I think --
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正在被私人化的平实语言所取代
03:12
by personal个人 broadcasting广播.
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我认为这是很危险的
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation会话,
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我不清楚这种交谈中倾听能够占几成
03:17
which哪一个 is sadly可悲的是 very common共同,
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通常都很不乐观
03:19
especially特别 in the U.K.
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特别是在英国
03:21
We're becoming变得 desensitized脱敏.
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我们正在变得麻木
03:23
Our media媒体 have to scream惊叫 at us with these kinds of headlines新闻头条
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媒体不得不用这样的标题向我们“嘶吼”
03:26
in order订购 to get our attention注意.
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就是为了夺人眼球
03:28
And that means手段 it's harder更难 for us to pay工资 attention注意
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这就意味着我们难以专注于
03:30
to the quiet安静, the subtle微妙,
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安静的,细微的
03:32
the understated低调.
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需要理解的东西
03:35
This is a serious严重 problem问题 that we're losing失去 our listening.
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丧失倾听的能力是个很严重的问题
03:38
This is not trivial不重要的.
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这不是没有意义的
03:40
Because listening is our access访问 to understanding理解.
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因为倾听是我们去认识事物的途径
03:43
Conscious意识 listening always creates创建 understanding理解.
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有意识的去倾听往往有助于我们的理解力
03:47
And only without conscious意识 listening
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如果失去有意识的倾听
03:50
can these things happen发生 --
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就会导致以下的后果--
03:52
a world世界 where we don't listen to each other at all,
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一个人们不会相互倾听的世界
03:54
is a very scary害怕 place地点 indeed确实.
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是非常可怕的
03:58
So I'd like to share分享 with you
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因此 我希望与大家分享
04:00
five simple简单 exercises演习, tools工具 you can take away with you,
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五个简单的技巧来帮助大家
04:03
to improve提高 your own拥有 conscious意识 listening.
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改进自己有意识的倾听
04:05
Would you like that?
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你们想听吗?
04:07
(Audience听众: Yes.) Good.
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(听众:当然) 好!
04:09
The first one is silence安静.
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首先是安静
04:11
Just three minutes分钟 a day of silence安静
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每天只需拿出三分钟让自己安静下来
04:13
is a wonderful精彩 exercise行使
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就是一个很好的练习
04:15
to reset重启 your ears耳朵 and to recalibrate重新校准
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来让听觉系统进行重置和调整
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet安静 again.
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从而可以再一次感受到宁静
04:19
If you can't get absolute绝对 silence安静,
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如果没有完全无声的环境
04:21
go for quiet安静, that's absolutely绝对 fine.
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那就去一个安静的地方也没问题
04:24
Second第二, I call this the mixer混合器.
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第二点,我称之为混合器
04:27
(Noise噪声) So even if you're in a noisy嘈杂 environment环境 like this --
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(噪音)即使你在一个像这样嘈杂的环境中--
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places地方 like this --
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我们很多时间都生活在这样的环境中--
04:33
listen in the coffee咖啡 bar酒吧
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在咖啡厅里听
04:35
to how many许多 channels渠道 of sound声音 can I hear?
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你可以听到多少种声音?
04:37
How many许多 individual个人 channels渠道 in that mix混合 am I listening to?
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你可以在混杂噪音中分辨出多少独立的声音?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful美丽 place地点 as well, like in a lake.
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这种方法也可以在幽静的地方练习,比如在湖边
04:43
How many许多 birds鸟类 am I hearing听力?
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我可以听到多少种鸟叫声?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples涟漪?
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它们从哪里发出?传向哪里?
04:47
It's a great exercise行使
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这也是很好的练习
04:49
for improving提高 the quality质量 of your listening.
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来改善我们的听觉能力
04:52
Third第三, this exercise行使 I call savoring品尝,
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第三点,我称之为品味声音
04:54
and this is a beautiful美丽 exercise行使.
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这是个很好的练习
04:56
It's about enjoying享受 mundane平凡 sounds声音.
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是关于享受平淡声音的
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble下跌 dryer烘干机.
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比如说,这是我的滚筒式干衣机
05:01
(Dryer烘干机) It's a waltz华尔兹舞.
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(干衣机)像华尔兹一样
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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1-2-3,1-2-3,1-2-3
05:06
I love it.
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我喜欢它
05:08
Or just try this one on for size尺寸.
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或者试试这个
05:10
(Coffee咖啡 grinder磨床)
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(咖啡研磨机)
05:19
Wow!
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哇喔!
05:21
So mundane平凡 sounds声音 can be really interesting有趣 if you pay工资 attention注意.
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如果你用心,如此平凡的声音也可以这样有趣
05:23
I call that the hidden choir唱诗班.
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我称其为隐形合唱团
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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他们一直都在我们周围
05:27
The next下一个 exercise行使
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下一个练习
05:29
is probably大概 the most important重要 of all of these,
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也许是五项之中最重要的
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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如果只选一个的话
05:33
This is listening positions位置 --
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那就是倾听的状态--
05:35
the idea理念 that you can move移动 your listening position位置
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你可以改变你倾听的状态
05:38
to what's appropriate适当 to what you're listening to.
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根据你所听的内容而定
05:40
This is playing播放 with those filters过滤器.
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这些要用到哪些过滤器
05:42
Do you remember记得, I gave you those filters过滤器 at the beginning开始.
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还记得吗,我开始的时候提到过的
05:44
It's starting开始 to play with them as levers杠杆,
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像一个杠杆一样去运用它们
05:46
to get conscious意识 about them and to move移动 to different不同 places地方.
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根据它们来移动到不同的地方
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions位置,
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屏幕上只是一部分倾听的状态
05:51
or scales of listening positions位置, that you can use.
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或者是大家可以运用的倾听状态的一些尺度
05:54
There are many许多.
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还有许多
05:56
Have fun开玩笑 with that. It's very exciting扣人心弦.
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它很有趣,很让人激动
05:58
And finally最后, an acronym缩写.
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最后,是一个缩略词
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication通讯.
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你可以在倾听、交流时用到它
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles角色 --
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只要你处于其中一种情况下--
06:05
and I think that probably大概 is everybody每个人 who's谁是 listening to this talk --
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我想可能听这个演讲的在座各位都是吧--
06:09
the acronym缩写 is RASARASA,
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这个缩写就是RASA
06:11
which哪一个 is the Sanskrit梵文 word
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它本身是个梵文
06:13
for juice果汁 or essence本质.
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意思是汁液或者精华
06:15
And RASARASA stands站立 for Receive接收,
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同时RASA这里代表着 接受
06:17
which哪一个 means手段 pay工资 attention注意 to the person;
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意思是关注于与你交谈的人
06:19
Appreciate欣赏, making制造 little noises噪音
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赏识,做出些反映
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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比如,恩,哦,好不错;
06:23
Summarize总结, the word "so" is very important重要 in communication通讯;
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小结 “所以,因此”这个词在交流中是非常重要的
06:26
and Ask, ask questions问题 afterward之后.
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以及 询问 最后的时候问些问题
06:30
Now sound声音 is my passion, it's my life.
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声音是我的爱好 我的生命
06:32
I wrote a whole整个 book about it. So I live生活 to listen.
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我为此写了一本书,所以我为倾听而生
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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当然这对大多数人来说要求太高了
06:37
But I believe that every一切 human人的 being存在
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但是我相信每一个人
06:39
needs需求 to listen consciously自觉
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都需要有意识的倾听
06:41
in order订购 to live生活 fully充分 --
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才是完整的生活--
06:43
connected连接的 in space空间 and in time
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把空间和时间
06:45
to the physical物理 world世界 around us,
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和我们周围的自然世界联系起来
06:47
connected连接的 in understanding理解 to each other,
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把每个人用相互理解联系起来
06:49
not to mention提到 spiritually灵性 connected连接的,
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更不用说是精神层面的联系
06:51
because every一切 spiritual精神 path路径 I know of
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因为每一个我了解的精神幽径
06:53
has listening and contemplation沉思
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都包括发自内心的倾听
06:55
at its heart.
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和凝视
06:57
That's why
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这就是为什么
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools学校
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我们需要在学校把倾听当作一个技能
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as a skill技能.
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去传授
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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为什么实际情况却相反?太不可理解了
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools学校,
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如果我们可以在学校里传授倾听技巧
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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可以阻止我们的听觉坠向我提到过的
07:11
to that dangerous危险, scary害怕 world世界 that I talked about
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那个危险、可怕的世界
07:14
and move移动 it to a place地点 where everybody每个人 is consciously自觉 listening all the time --
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并将其引导到一个每个人都乐于有意识的去倾听的地方--
07:17
or at least最小 capable of doing it.
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或者至少有能力去倾听
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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现在还不知道如何做到这点
07:21
but this is TEDTED,
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但这就是TED
07:23
and I think the TEDTED community社区 is capable of anything.
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我认为TED团体有能力做任何事情
07:26
So I invite邀请 you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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因此我邀请大家联系我,同时彼此互相联系
07:29
take this mission任务 out and let's get listening taught in schools学校,
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秉承这个使命,同时让倾听课程进入学校
07:32
and transform转变 the world世界 in one generation to a conscious意识 listening world世界 --
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通过一代人的努力把世界变成一个乐于倾听的世界--
07:35
a world世界 of connection连接,
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一个彼此联系的世界
07:37
a world世界 of understanding理解 and a world世界 of peace和平.
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一个相互理解的世界 一个和平的世界
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today今天.
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谢谢大家今天倾听我的演讲
07:42
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Jiwei Qu
Reviewed by Chunxiang Qian

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com