TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
Julian Treasure: 5 načina kako bolje slušati
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U našem sve glasnijem i glasnijem svijetu, kaže stručnjak za zvuk Julian Treasure, "Gubimo naše slušanje". U ovom kratkom, fascinantnom govoru, Treasure dijeli s nama pet načina kako da ponovno podesimo svoje uši za svjesno slušanje -- prema drugim ljudima i svijetu oko vas.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
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Gubimo naše slušanje.
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
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Ugrubo 60 posto vremena koje trošimo na komunikaciju provodimo slušajući.
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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Ali nismo dobri u tome.
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
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Zadržimo samo 25 posto onoga što čujemo.
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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Ne vi, ne nužno ovaj govor,
00:28
but that is generally true.
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ali to je generalno točno.
00:30
Let's define listening
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Definirajmo slušanje
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
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kao proizvodnju značenja iz zvuka.
00:34
It's a mental process,
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To je mentalni proces,
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
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i to je proces izvlačenja.
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
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Koristimo neke prilično zanimljive tehnike da to napravimo.
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
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Jedna od njih je prepoznavanje uzorka.
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
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(Buka gomile) Dakle, na koktel zabavi poput ove,
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
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ako kažem, "David, Sara, obratite pozornost,"
00:47
some of you just sat up.
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neki od vas će sjesti uspravno.
00:49
We recognize patterns
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Primjećujemo uzorke
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
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kako bi razlikovali buku od signala,
00:53
and especially our name.
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i naročito naše ime.
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
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Diferenciranje je druga tehnika koju koristimo.
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
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Kada bih pustio ovu ružičastu buku na nešto više od par minuta,
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
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doslovno biste je prestali čuti.
01:02
We listen to differences,
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Slušamo razlike,
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
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zanemarujemo zvukove koji ostaju isti.
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
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A zatim postoji cijeli niz filtera.
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
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Ti filtera nas odvode od svih zvukova
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
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na ono na što obraćamo pozornost.
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
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Većina ljudi je potpuno nesvjesna
01:17
of these filters.
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tih filtera.
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
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Ali oni na neki način, zapravo, kreiraju našu stvarnost,
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
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jer nam govore na što trenutno obraćamo pozornost.
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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Dati ću vam jedan primjer toga:
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
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Namjera je vrlo važna u zvuku, u slušanju.
01:30
When I married my wife,
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Kada sam oženio svoju ženu,
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
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obećao sam joj da ću je slušati svaki dan
01:34
as if for the first time.
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kao prvi puta.
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
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Sada, to je nešto u čemu ne uspijevam na dnevnoj bazi.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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Ali to je sjajna namjera koju možete imati u vezi.
01:44
But that's not all.
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Ali to nije sve.
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
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Zvuk nas stavlja u prostor i vrijeme.
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
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Ukoliko zatvorite svoje oči upravo sada u ovoj prostoriji,
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
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svjesni ste veličine ove prostorije
01:54
from the reverberation
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zbog odjekivanja
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
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i odbijanja zvuka od površine.
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
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I svjesni ste koliko ima ljudi oko vas
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
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zbog mikro-buka koje primate.
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
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I zvuk nas smještava u vrijeme također,
02:06
because sound always has
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jer u zvuk je uvijek
02:08
time embedded in it.
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uključeno i vrijeme.
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
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Zapravo, ja bih sugerirao kako je naše slušanje glavni način
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
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na koji doživljavamo protok vremena
02:14
from past to future.
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iz prošlosti prema budućnosti.
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
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Dakle, "Zvučnost je vrijeme i značenje" -- izvrsna poslovica.
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
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Rekao sam na početku, kako gubimo naše slušanje.
02:21
Why did I say that?
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Zašto sam to rekao?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
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Pa, postoji mnogo razloga za to.
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
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Kao prvo, izmislili smo načine snimanja --
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
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prvo pisanje, zatim snimanje zvuka
02:29
and now video recording as well.
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i sada snimanje video zapisa također.
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
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Nagrada za točno i pažljivo slušanje
02:34
has simply disappeared.
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je jednostavno nestala.
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
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Drugo, svijet je sada toliko bučan,
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
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(Buka) sa svom tom kakofonijom
02:41
visually and auditorily,
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vizualno i auditivno,
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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da je jednostavno teško slušati;
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
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zamarajuće je slušati.
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
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Mnogi ljudi potraže zaklon u naglavnim slušalicama,
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
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ali oni pretvaraju velike, javne prostore poput ovog,
02:53
shared soundscapes,
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zajedničke zvučne krajolike,
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
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u milijune sićušnih, malih osobnih zvučnih mjehurića.
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
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U tom scenariju, nitko ne sluša nikoga.
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
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Postajemo nestrpljivi.
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
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Više ne želimo govorništvo,
03:06
we want sound bites.
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želimo dijeliće zvuka.
03:08
And the art of conversation
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A umjetnost razgovora
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
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se zamjenjuje -- što je opasno, mislim --
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
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osobnim emitiranjem.
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
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Ne znam koliko ima slušanja u ovom razgovoru,
03:17
which is sadly very common,
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što je nažalost vrlo često,
03:19
especially in the U.K.
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naročito u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
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Postajemo neosjetljivi.
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
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Naši mediji moraju vrištati na nas sa svim tim vrstama naslovnica
03:26
in order to get our attention.
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kako bi zadobili našu pažnju.
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
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A to znači kako nam je teže obraćati pozornost
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
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na tiho, suptilno,
03:32
the understated.
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nenametljivo.
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
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To što gubimo naše slušanje je ozbiljan problem.
03:38
This is not trivial.
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To nije trivijalno.
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
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Jer slušanje je naš pristup shvaćanju.
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
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Svjesno slušanje uvijek stvara shvaćanje.
03:47
And only without conscious listening
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A jedino bez svjesnog slušanja
03:50
can these things happen --
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se te stvari mogu dogoditi --
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
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svijet u kojem ne slušamo jedni druge uopće,
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
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je doista jako zastrašujuće mjesto.
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
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Stoga bih volio s vama podijeliti
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
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pet jednostavnih vježbi, alata koje možete nositi sa sobom,
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
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kako bi poboljšali vaše vlastito svjesno slušanje.
04:05
Would you like that?
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Biste li voljeli to?
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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(Publika: Da.) Dobro.
04:09
The first one is silence.
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Prvi je šutnja.
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
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Samo tri minute šutnje na dan
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
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je prekrasna vježba
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
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kako biste resetirali svoju uha i ponovno ih kalibrirali
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
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kako biste ponovno mogli čuti tišinu.
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
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Ukoliko ne možete imati apsolutnu tišinu,
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
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idite za tihim, to je potpuno u redu.
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
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Drugo, zovem to mikserom.
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
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(Buka) Dakle, čak i kada ste u bučnom okruženju poput ovog --
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
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a svi mi provodimo puno vremena na mjestima poput ovog --
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
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slušajte u kafiću
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
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koliko mnogo kanala zvuka možete čuti?
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
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Koliko pojedinačnih kanala u tom miksu ja slušam?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
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Možete to raditi i na lijepom mjestu isto tako, poput jezera.
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
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Koliko ptica čujem?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
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Gdje su? Gdje je to mreškanje?
04:47
It's a great exercise
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To je odlična vježba
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
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za poboljšanje kvalitete vašeg slušanja.
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
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Treće, ovu vježbu zovem uživanje,
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
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i to je prekrasna vježba.
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
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Radi se o uživanju u svakodnevnim zvukovima.
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
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Ovo, na primjer, je moja sušilica rublja.
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
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(Sušilica) To je valcer.
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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Jedan, dva, tri. Jedan, dva, tri. Jedan dva tri.
05:06
I love it.
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Volim je.
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
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Ili jednostavno isprobajte ovaj za veličinu.
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
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(Mlin za kavu)
05:19
Wow!
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Vau!
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
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Tako svakodnevni zvukovi mogu doista biti zanimljivi ako obratite pozornost.
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
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Zovem to skrivenim zborom.
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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Nalazi se oko nas cijelo vrijeme.
05:27
The next exercise
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Iduća vježba
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
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je vjerojatno najvažnija od svih,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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ukoliko maknete samo jednu stvar.
05:33
This is listening positions --
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To je pozicije slušanja --
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
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ideja da možete pomaknuti svoju poziciju slušanja
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
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onome što je prikladno ka onome što slušate.
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
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To je igranje s tim filterima.
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
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Sjećate li se, dao sam vam te filtere na početku.
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
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To je početak igre s njima kao polugama,
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
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kako biste postali svjesni njih i kako bi ih pomicali na različita mjesta.
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
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To su samo neke od pozicija slušanja,
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
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ili ljestvice pozicija slušanja, koje možete koristiti.
05:54
There are many.
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Ima ih mnogo.
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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Zabavite se s time. Vrlo je uzbudljivo.
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
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I naposljetku, akronim.
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
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Možete to koristiti u slušanju, u komunikaciji.
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
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Ukoliko se nalazite u bilo kojoj od tih uloga --
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
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a mislim kako je to vjerojatno svatko tko sluša ovaj govor --
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
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akronim je RASA,
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
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što je riječ iz Sanskrsta
06:13
for juice or essence.
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za sok ili srž.
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
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A RASA znači primiti,
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
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što znači obratiti pozornost na osobu;
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
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Cijeniti, proizvoditi male zvukove
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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poput hmm, o, u redu;
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
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Sumirati, riječ 'dakle' je jako važna u komunikaciji;
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
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i 'pitati', postavljati naknadno pitanja.
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
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Sada, zvuk je moja strast, on je moj život.
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
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Napisao sam cijelu knjigu o tome. Stoga volim slušati.
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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To je previše za tražiti od većine ljudi.
06:37
But I believe that every human being
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Ali vjerujem kako svako ljudsko biće
06:39
needs to listen consciously
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mora svjesno slušati
06:41
in order to live fully --
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kako bi moglo potpuno živjeti --
06:43
connected in space and in time
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spojeno u prostoru i vremenu
06:45
to the physical world around us,
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s fizičkim svjetom oko nas,
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
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spojeno u međusobnom shvaćanju,
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
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a da ne spominjem duhovnu povezanost,
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
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jer svaki duhovni put koji poznajem
06:53
has listening and contemplation
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ima slušanje i kontemplaciju
06:55
at its heart.
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u svojoj srži.
06:57
That's why
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Zato
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
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moramo podučavati slušanje u našim školama
07:01
as a skill.
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kao vještinu.
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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Zašto se ne podučava? To je ludo.
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
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A ako možemo podučavati slušanje u našim školama,
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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možemo maknuti naše slušanje s te skliske padine
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
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u taj opasni, zastrašujući svijet o kojem sam govorio
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
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i premjestiti ga na mjesto gdje svi slušaju svjesno cijelo vrijeme --
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
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ili gdje smo barem sposobni to raditi.
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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Sada, ne znam kako to učiniti,
07:21
but this is TED,
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ali ovo je TED,
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
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i mislim kako je TED zajednica sposobna uraditi bilošto.
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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Stoga vas pozivam da se povežete sa mnom, povežete jedni s drugima,
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
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iznesete ovu misiju van i učinimo da se slušanje podučava u školama,
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
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i preobrazi svijet u jednoj generaciji u svijet svjesnog slušanja --
07:35
a world of connection,
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svijet povezanosti,
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
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svijet shvaćanja i svijet mira.
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
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Hvala vam što ste me slušali danas.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com