TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
Julian Treasure: 5 moodust, kuidas paremini kuulata
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Heliekspert Julian Treasure ütleb, et oleme kaotamas oma kuulamisvõimet meie üha valjemas ja valjemas maailmas. Selles lühikeses põnevas ettekandes jagab ta meiega viit moodust, kuidas oma kõrvad uuesti teadlikule kuulamisele häälestada - et kuulda teisi inimesi ja maailma meie ümber.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
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Me oleme kaotamas oma kuulamisvõimet.
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
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Me veedame umbes 60% oma suhtlusajast kuulates,
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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kuid me pole selles eriti head.
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
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Meile jääb meelde ainult 25% kuuldust.
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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Mitte küll teile, mitte sellest jutust,
00:28
but that is generally true.
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kuid üldiselt on see tõsi.
00:30
Let's define listening
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Defineerime kuulamist
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
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kui helidest tähenduse loomist.
00:34
It's a mental process,
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See on vaimne protsess,
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
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see on filtreerimise protsess.
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
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Meil on üsna ägedaid võtteid, et seda teha.
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
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Üks neist on mustrite äratundmine.
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
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(Rahvasumin) Kui ma sellise peo ajal
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
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ütlen: "David, Sara, pange tähele!",
00:47
some of you just sat up.
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siis mõned teist nõjatuvad kohe ettepoole.
00:49
We recognize patterns
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Me tunneme ära mustrid,
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
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mis eristavad müra signaalist,
00:53
and especially our name.
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ja eriti oma nimest.
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
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Eristamine on teine võte, mida kasutame.
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
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Kui jätaksin selle müra peale rohkem kui paariks minutiks,
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
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siis te lakkate seda kuulmast.
01:02
We listen to differences,
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Me kuulame erisusi
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
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ja jätame kõrvale samaks jäävad helid.
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
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On olemas suur valik filtreid,
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
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mis viivad meid helide kogumist
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
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selleni, millele tähelepanu pöörame.
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
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Enamik inimesi ei teadvusta
01:17
of these filters.
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neid filtreid üldse.
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
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Kuid mingil moel loovad nad meie tegelikkuse,
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
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sest nad ütlevad meile, mida me just praegu tähele paneme.
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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Ma toon selle kohta ühe näite.
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
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Kavatsus on heli ja kuulamise juures väga tähtis.
01:30
When I married my wife,
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Kui ma abiellusin,
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
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lubasin oma naisele, et kuulan teda iga päev
01:34
as if for the first time.
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nagu esimest korda.
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
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Iga päev jääb mul selle lubaduse pidamisest vajaka.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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Kuid see on suurepärane kavatsus suhtes olles.
01:44
But that's not all.
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Kuid see pole kõik.
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
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Heli asetab meid ajas ja ruumis kohale.
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
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Kui te praegu selles ruumis silmad sulete,
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
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olete teadlikud ruumi suurusest
01:54
from the reverberation
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helide võnkumise
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
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ja pindadelt tagasipõrkumise järgi.
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
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Te olete teadlikud, kui palju inimesi on teie ümber,
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
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sest kuulete teatud mikro-müra.
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
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Heli paigutab meid ka aega,
02:06
because sound always has
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sest helidesse on alati
02:08
time embedded in it.
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aeg "sisse ehitatud".
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
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Tegelikult ma pakun, et kuulamine on peamine moodus
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
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aja voolamise tunnetamiseks
02:14
from past to future.
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minevikust tulevikku.
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
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Kõlavus on aeg ja tähendus - tõesti hea ütlemine.
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
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Ütlesin, et me oleme kaotamas kuulamisvõimet.
02:21
Why did I say that?
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Miks ma seda ütlesin?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
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Sellel on palju põhjuseid.
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
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Leiutasime salvestamismoodused -
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
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alguses kirjutamise, siis helisalvestuse
02:29
and now video recording as well.
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ja nüüd ka videosalvestuse.
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
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Vajadus täpse ja hoolika kuulamise järele
02:34
has simply disappeared.
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on lihtsalt kadunud.
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
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Teiseks on maailm nüüd nii mürarikas,
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
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(müra) sellise pideva kakofooniaga -
02:41
visually and auditorily,
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visuaalse ja auditiivsega -
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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pole mitte ainult raske kuulata,
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
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vaid ka väsitav kuulata.
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
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Paljud inimesed päästavad end kõrvaklappidega,
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
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kuid nad muudavad suure, avaliku ruumi,
02:53
shared soundscapes,
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jagatud helimaastiku
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
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miljoniteks tillukesteks isiklikeks helimullideks.
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
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Sellises olukorras ei kuula keegi kedagi.
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
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Me muutume kärsituks.
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
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Me ei taha enam kõnesid,
03:06
we want sound bites.
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me tahame helijupikesi.
03:08
And the art of conversation
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Jutuajamise kunsti
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
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asendab - minu arvates ohtlikult -
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
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isikliku sõnumi edastamine.
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
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Ma ei tea, kui palju kuulamist on selles vestluses,
03:17
which is sadly very common,
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mis on kahetsusväärselt levinud,
03:19
especially in the U.K.
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eriti Ühendkuningriigis.
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
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Me muutume tundetuks.
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
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Meedia peab meile karjuma sedasorti pealkirju,
03:26
in order to get our attention.
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et meie tähelepanu püüda.
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
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See tähendab, et meil on üha raskem märgata
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
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vaikset, vaevu hoomatavat,
03:32
the understated.
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alatähtsustatut.
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
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Meie kuulamisvõime kadumine on tõsine probleem.
03:38
This is not trivial.
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See pole vähetähtis.
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
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Kuulamine on meie ligipääsutee mõistmisele.
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
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Teadlik kuulamine loob alati mõistmist.
03:47
And only without conscious listening
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Ja ainult ilma teadliku kuulamiseta
03:50
can these things happen --
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võivad juhtuda sellised asjad -
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
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maailm, kus me üleüldse üksteist ei kuula
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
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on tõeliselt hirmuäratav koht.
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
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Niisiis tahan teiega jagada
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
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viit lihtsat harjutust, mida te saate ära minnes kaasa võtta
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
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oma teadliku kuulamise parandamiseks.
04:05
Would you like that?
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Kas teile meeldiks see?
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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(Publik: jah). Tore.
04:09
The first one is silence.
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Esimene neist on vaikus.
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
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Ainult kolm minutit vaikust päevas
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
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on võrratu harjutus
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
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oma kõrvade uuesti häälestamiseks,
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
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et jälle vaikust kuulatada.
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
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Kui absoluutset vaikust pole,
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
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leppige vaiksega, see sobib samuti.
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
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Teiseks - kokkusegamine.
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
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(Müra) Isegi seesuguses kärarikkas keskkonnas olles -
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
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ja me kõik veedame palju aega sellistes kohtades -
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
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kuulake kohvikus,
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
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mitut heliallikat te kuulete?
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
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Mitut üksikut heliallikat selles kogumis ma kuulen?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
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Te võite seda ka kaunis paigas teha, näiteks järvel.
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
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Mitut lindu ma kuulen?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
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Kus nad on? Kus see laine loksub?
04:47
It's a great exercise
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Suurepärane harjutus
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
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kuulamise kvaliteedi parandamiseks.
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
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Kolmas harjutus on nautimine
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
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ja see on imeilus harjutus.
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
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See on igapäevahelide nautimine.
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
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See on näiteks mu pesukuivati.
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
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(Kuivati) See on valss.
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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Üks-kaks-kolm. Üks-kaks-kolm. Üks-kaks-kolm.
05:06
I love it.
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Imetore.
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
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Või proovige seda enda peal järele.
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
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(Kohviveski)
05:19
Wow!
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Vau!
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
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Igapäevahelid võivad väga huvitavad olla, kui neid tähele panna.
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
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Kutsun seda peidetud kooriks.
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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See on alati meie ümber.
05:27
The next exercise
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Järgmine harjutus
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
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on ilmselt kõigist neist kõige tähtsam,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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kui üks asi ära võtta.
05:33
This is listening positions --
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Need on kuulamisseisundid -
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
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seisundit saab muuta selliselt,
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
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et see sobiks kokku sellega, mida kuulatakse.
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
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See on mängimine nende filtritega.
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
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Mäletate, ma andsin teile alguses need filtrid.
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
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Hakkate mängima nendega kui hoobadega,
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
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saate neist teadlikuks ja liigutate teistesse kohtadesse.
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
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Siin on mõned kuulamisseisundid,
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
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või seisundite skaalad, mida saate kasutada.
05:54
There are many.
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Neid on palju.
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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Tundke sellest rõõmu. See on põnev.
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
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Ja lõpuks - üks akronüüm.
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
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Seda saab kasutada nii kuulamises kui suhtlemises.
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
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Kui olete ühes neist rollidest (juht, õpetaja, abikaasa, lapsevanem, sõber) -
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
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ma arvan, et kõik, kes seda kõnet kuulavad, ka on -
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
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see akronüüm on RASA,
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
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mis on sanskritikeelne sõna
06:13
for juice or essence.
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mahla või essentsi jaoks.
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
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RASA tähistab Võta Vastu,
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
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mis tähendab inimesele tähelepanu osutamist;
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
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Kiida Heaks - häälitse vaikselt
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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näiteks "hmm," "oo," "tore";
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
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Võta Kokku - sõna "niisiis" on suhtlemises väga oluline;
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
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ja Küsi - küsi pärast küsimusi.
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
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Helid on minu kirg, nad on mu elu.
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
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Kirjutasin sellest terve raamatu ja elan, et kuulata.
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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Suurem osa inimesi sellised ei ole.
06:37
But I believe that every human being
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Kuid mina usun, et iga inimene
06:39
needs to listen consciously
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peab teadlikult kuulama,
06:41
in order to live fully --
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et täisväärtuslikult elada -
06:43
connected in space and in time
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olles ajas ja ruumis ühenduses
06:45
to the physical world around us,
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füüsilise maailmaga meie ümber,
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
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ühendatud üksteisega arusaamises
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
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ja kindlasti ka vaimselt seotud,
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
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sest iga mulle teadaoleva vaimse teekonna
06:53
has listening and contemplation
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keskmes on kuulamine
06:55
at its heart.
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ja mõtisklemine.
06:57
That's why
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Sel põhjusel
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
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peame õpetama kuulamist koolides
07:01
as a skill.
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kui oskust.
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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Miks seda ei õpetata? See on jabur.
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
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Kui me õpetame kuulamist koolides,
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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saame me kuulamise päästa allakäiguteelt,
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
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mis viiks ohtliku, hirmuäratava maailmani, millest ma rääkisin
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
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ja luua maailma, kus kõik kogu aeg teadlikult kuulavad
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
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või on vähemalt selleks võimelised.
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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Ma ei tea küll, kuidas seda teha,
07:21
but this is TED,
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kuid see on TED
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
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ja arvan, et TED-i kogukond suudab kõike.
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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Ma kutsun teid üles võtma ühendust minuga, üksteisega,
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
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viima see missioon siit välja, et saada koolid kuulamist õpetama,
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
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muutes maailma ühe põlvkonnaga teadliku kuulamise maailmaks,
07:35
a world of connection,
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seotuse maailmaks,
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
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mõistmise maailmaks ja rahu maailmaks.
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
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Tänan teid täna mind kuulamast.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com