Daniel Levitin: How to stay calm when you know you'll be stressed
Daniel Levitin: Bagaimana tetap tenang ketika Anda tahu Anda akan berada dalam tekanan
Daniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
mendobrak masuk rumah sendiri.
I broke into my own house.
musim salju di Montreal,
in the dead of Montreal winter,
Jeff, across town,
Jeff, di kota sebelah,
menampilkan minus 40 derajat --
read minus 40 degrees --
Celcius atau Fahrenheit,
if that's Celsius or Fahrenheit,
pertemuan keduanya --
dan merogoh saku celana saya,
fumbling in my pockets,
membawa kunci rumah.
through the window,
di mana saya telah meletakannya.
where I had left them.
semua pintu dan jendela lainnya,
and tried all the other doors and windows,
setidaknya saya membawa ponsel,
at least I had my cellphone,
takkan tiba dengan segera,
for a locksmith to show up,
ke rumah Jeff untuk menginap
Jeff's house for the night
ke Eropa esok harinya,
to Europe the next morning,
paspor dan koper saya.
my passport and my suitcase.
dan memecahkan jendela saya,
through the basement window,
dan menutup lubangnya,
and taped it up over the opening,
di perjalanan menuju bandara,
on the way to the airport,
and ask him to fix it.
untuk memperbaikinya.
ahli kunci di tengah malam,
than a middle-of-the-night locksmith,
hasilnya akan sama saja.
I was coming out even.
dari jalur pendidikan
cara otak bekerja di bawah tekanan.
about how the brain performs under stress.
yang meningkatkan detak jantung,
that raises your heart rate,
tidur yang singkat,
menelepon kontraktor saya,
that I had to call my contractor,
dengan kortisol di otak saya,
the cortisol in my brain,
karena pikiran saya tidak jernih.
because my thinking was cloudy.
di meja check-in bandara,
to the airport check-in counter,
menerobos salju dan es, 40 menit,
and ice, 40 minutes,
bergegas kembali ke bandara,
raced back to the airport,
diberikan ke orang lain,
my seat to someone else,
bagian belakang sebelah toilet,
next to the bathrooms,
pada delapan jam penerbangan.
on an eight-hour flight.
selama delapan jam tersebut tanpa tidur.
during those eight hours and no sleep.
apa ada yang bisa saya perbuat,
are there things that I can do,
from happening?
terjadinya sebuah bencana.
of it being a total catastrophe.
sampai sekitar sebulan kemudian.
until about a month later.
Danny Kahneman, pemenang Nobel.
Danny Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winner,
bercerita, saya memecahkan kaca jendela
about having broken my window,
yang disebut Prospective Hindsight.
something called prospective hindsight.
seorang psikolog Gary Klein,
from the psychologist Gary Klein,
a few years before,
mencari tahu apa yang salah, bukan?
to figure out what went wrong, right?
mencari tahu kesalahan yang bisa terjadi,
all the things that could go wrong,
apa yang bisa Anda perbuat
what you can do
atau mengurangi dampaknya.
or to minimize the damage.
pada Anda hari ini
dalam bentuk pra mortem.
in the form of a pre-mortem.
beberapa tidak.
some of them are not so obvious.
untuk barang yang mudah hilang.
for things that are easily lost.
like common sense, and it is,
dan memang begitu halnya,
untuk mendukung hal ini,
to back this up,
yang disebut hipokampus,
called the hippocampus,
lebih dari puluhan ribu tahun,
of thousands of years,
of important things --
where fish can be found,
dan musuh kita tinggal.
becomes enlarged.
otak sopir taxi di London.
yang membuat tupai menemukan kacangnya.
that allows squirrels to find their nuts.
seseorang pernah bereksperimen
somebody actually did the experiment
indera penciuman seekor tupai,
the olfactory sense of the squirrels,
melainkan hipokampus,
they were using the hippocampus,
di otak kita untuk mencari sesuatu.
in the brain for finding things.
yang tidak bergerak,
that don't move around much,
kunci mobil, kacamata, dan paspor.
and reading glasses and passports.
untuk kunci Anda,
designate a spot for your keys --
mungkin mangkuk hiasan.
maybe a decorative bowl.
a particular table.
dan Anda disiplin,
and you're scrupulous about it,
ketika Anda mencarinya.
when you look for them.
of your credit cards,
sehingga ada di komputasi awan.
you can facilitate replacement.
Anda jadi bisa mengurus penggantiannya.
otak akan mengeluarkan kortisol.
the brain releases cortisol.
dan menyebabkan pikiran kita tidak jernih.
and it causes cloudy thinking.
tekanan, Anda tidak dalam kondisi terbaik,
you're not going to be at your best,
yang lebih membuat kita tertekan
no more stressful a situation
pada keputusan medis.
with a medical decision to make.
akan berada dalam posisi
are going to be in that position,
yang sangat penting
a very important decision
atau orang yang kita sayangi,
or that of a loved one,
kondisi medis yang sangat khusus.
a very particular medical condition.
seluruh jenis keputusan medis.
of medical decision-making,
finansial dan sosial --
and social decision-making --
dari penilaian rasional.
assessment of the facts.
ke dokter dan ia berkata,
and the doctor says,
kolesterol Anda cukup tinggi."
your cholesterol's a little high."
resiko penyakit kardiovaskular,
of cardiovascular disease,
isn't the best thing,
"Saya akan memberikan Anda obat
"You know, I'd like to give you a drug
menurunkan kolesterol, yaitu statin."
lower your cholesterol, a statin."
banyak diresepkan di dunia saat ini,
the most widely prescribed drugs
yang mengkonsumsinya.
people who take them.
"Ya! Berikan saya statin."
"Yeah! Give me the statin."
Anda tanyakan di sini,
you should ask at this point,
oleh kebanyakan dokter,
don't like talking about,
like talking about even less.
(number needed to treat/NNT).
yang harus mengkonsumi obat
that need to take a drug
atau prosedur medis apapun
or any medical procedure
statistik gila macam apa ini?
what kind of crazy statistic is that?
meresepkan sesuatu
something to me
tidak berjalan demikian.
doesn't work that way.
ini salah ilmuwan seperti saya.
it's the fault of scientists like me.
mekanisme dasarnya.
the underlying mechanisms well enough.
pada 30-50 orang yang mengkonsumsinya.
in only 30 to 50 percent of the people.
untuk pengobatan,
for the most widely prescribed statin,
sebelum satu orang tertolong?
before one person is helped?
Jerome Groopman and Pamela Hartzband,
Jerome Groopman dan Pamela Hartzband,
oleh Bloomberg.com.
take the drug for a year
obat ini selama setahun
or other adverse event is prevented.
atau efek samping lainnya teratasi.
menurunkan kolesterol saya.
of lowering my cholesterol.
Berikan saja resepnya."
the prescription anyway."
menanyakan statistik lainnya,
for another statistic,
efek sampingnya." Benar?
about the side effects." Right?
pada lima persen pasien.
in five percent of the patients.
radang lambung dan usus --
gastrointestinal distress --
saya tetap akan ambil."
it's going to happen to me,
Anda tak berpikir jernih.
you're not thinking clearly.
menghadapi ini ke depannya,
to work through this ahead of time,
sederet pertimbangan nantinya.
the chain of reasoning on the spot.
Satu orang tertolong,
One person's helped,
mendapat efek samping,
have side effects,
to be harmed by the drug
dirugikan oleh obat
mengambil statin atau tidak.
should take the statin or not.
membicarakannya dengan dokter.
this conversation with your doctor.
persetujuan tindakan dokter.
of informed consent.
mengetahui informasi semacam ini
to this kind of information
Anda harus mengambil resikonya atau tidak.
you want to take the risks or not.
untuk mengejutkan Anda,
out of the air for shock value,
this number needed to treat.
angka untuk penyembuhan.
on men over the age of 50,
pada pria usia 50 tahun ke atas,
untuk pengobatan adalah 49.
untuk tiap satu orang yang tertolong.
for every one person who's helped.
terjadi pada 50 persen pasien.
occur in 50 percent of the patients.
erectile dysfunction,
dari 50 persen yang mengalami hal ini,
of the 50 percent who has these,
is to think ahead of time
adalah berpikir jauh ke depan
that you might be able to ask
saat sudah berada di depan dokter.
all of this on the spot.
tentang kualitas hidup.
about things like quality of life.
hidup singkat tanpa rasa sakit,
that's pain-free,
kesakitan sampai akhir hayat?
a great deal of pain towards the end?
dan dipikirkan sekarang
and think about now,
berubah pikiran pada saatnya,
in the heat of the moment,
memikirkan hal ini.
with this kind of thinking.
kortisol ketika stres,
releases cortisol,
that happens at that moment
tidak butuh sistem pencernaan,
you don't need your digestive system,
metabolisme pada hal-hal ini
metabolism on those things
dan hal-hal tersebut takkan berarti lagi.
and then none of those things matter.
ketika Anda di bawah tekanan
during those times of stress
Danny Kahneman dan temannya.
and his colleagues have shown.
untuk berpikir jauh ke depan
to think ahead
menyadari bahwa kita semua tak sempurna.
is recognizing that all of us are flawed.
akan kelalaian yang mungkin terjadi,
to what those failures might be,
akan mengurangi dampaknya,
that will help minimize the damage,
hal buruk terjadi sejak awal.
from happening in the first place.
snowy night in Montreal,
gembok dengan kombinasi di sebelah pintu,
a combination lock next to the door,
sebuah kombinasi yang mudah diingat.
an easy to remember combination.
surat yang belum disortir,
that haven't been sorted,
that I haven't gone through.
sebagai proses yang bertahap,
as a gradual process,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Levitin - NeuroscientistDaniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life.
Why you should listen
Dr. Daniel Levitin is a neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, dean at Minerva Schools in San Francisco and a musician. His research focuses on pattern processing in the brain.
His three books This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, and the recent The Organized Mind are all bestsellers. A polymath at heart, he has performed with top musicians and holds a few gold and platinum records.
Levitin earned his B.A. in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science at Stanford University, and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Oregon, researching complex auditory patterns and pattern processing in expert and non-expert populations. He completed post-doctoral training at Stanford University Medical School (in Neuroimaging) and at UC Berkeley (in Cognitive Psychology). He has consulted on audio sound source separation for the U.S. Navy, and on audio quality for several rock bands and record labels (including the Grateful Dead and Steely Dan), and served as one of the “Golden Ears” expert listeners in the original Dolby AC3 compression tests. He worked for two years at the Silicon Valley think tank Interval Research Corporation.
He taught at Stanford University in the Department of Computer Science, the Program in Human-Computer Interaction, and the Departments of Psychology, Anthropology, Computer Music, and History of Science.
Daniel Levitin | Speaker | TED.com