Daniel Levitin: How to stay calm when you know you'll be stressed
Daniel Levitin: Hur man behåller sitt lugn i situationer där man vet att man blir stressad
Daniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I broke into my own house.
bröt jag mig in i mitt eget hus.
in the dead of Montreal winter,
på andra sidan staden,
Jeff, across town,
read minus 40 degrees --
visade minus 40 grader.
om det var Celsius eller Fahrenheit;
if that's Celsius or Fahrenheit,
fumbling in my pockets,
och fumlade i mina fickor,
through the window,
where I had left them.
där jag lämnat dem.
and tried all the other doors and windows,
provade alla dörrar och fönster,
at least I had my cellphone,
jag hade ju mobilen,
för honom att dyka upp,
for a locksmith to show up,
Jeff's house for the night
tillbaka till Jeff och sova
tidigt nästa morgon,
to Europe the next morning,
och min resväska.
my passport and my suitcase.
och slog sönder källarfönstret,
through the basement window,
tejpade fast den över öppningen,
and taped it up over the opening,
på väg till flyget,
on the way to the airport,
och be honom fixa det.
and ask him to fix it.
than a middle-of-the-night locksmith,
än en låssmed mitt i natten,
hade det nog gått på ett ut.
I was coming out even.
about how the brain performs under stress.
hjärnan fungerar under stress.
that raises your heart rate,
som ökar hjärtfrekvensen,
that I had to call my contractor,
the cortisol in my brain,
eftersom jag inte tänkte klart.
because my thinking was cloudy.
to the airport check-in counter,
jag kom fram till check-in-disken,
mitt pass med mig.
and ice, 40 minutes,
det tog 40 minuter,
raced back to the airport,
till någon annan,
my seat to someone else,
bredvid toaletterna,
next to the bathrooms,
under en åttatimmars flygning.
on an eight-hour flight.
under dessa åtta timmar utan sömn.
during those eight hours and no sleep.
det finns något jag kan göra,
are there things that I can do,
inte behöver hända.
from happening?
of it being a total catastrophe.
för total katastrof.
förrän en månad senare.
until about a month later.
Danny Kahneman, nobelpristagaren,
Danny Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winner,
jag slagit sönder mitt fönster,
about having broken my window,
"förebyggande efterklokhet".
something called prospective hindsight.
från psykologen Gary Klein,
from the psychologist Gary Klein,
a few years before,
to figure out what went wrong, right?
komma på vad som gick snett.
förklarade Danny,
allt som kan gå fel,
all the things that could go wrong,
vad man kan göra
what you can do
eller åtminstone begränsa skadan.
or to minimize the damage.
i form av förhandsundersökning,
in the form of a pre-mortem.
some of them are not so obvious.
andra inte lika självklara.
for things that are easily lost.
för saker som lätt kommer bort.
like common sense, and it is,
och det är det också,
forskning som stödjer detta,
to back this up,
vårt spatiala minne fungerar.
called the hippocampus,
som heter hippocampus,
of thousands of years,
för viktiga saker -
of important things --
where fish can be found,
Londons taxichaufförer.
becomes enlarged.
that allows squirrels to find their nuts.
som gör att ekorrar hittar sina nötter.
gjort ett experiment
somebody actually did the experiment
och de kunde ändå hitta sina nötter.
the olfactory sense of the squirrels,
de använde hippocampus,
they were using the hippocampus,
avsedd att hitta saker.
in the brain for finding things.
that don't move around much,
som inte rör sig så mycket,
and reading glasses and passports.
bilnycklar, läsglasögon och pass.
designate a spot for your keys --
maybe a decorative bowl.
a particular table.
and you're scrupulous about it,
och alltid använder den,
when you look for them.
när du letar efter dem.
of your credit cards,
så att det finns i molnet.
you can facilitate replacement.
så kan du enkelt ordna nya.
the brain releases cortisol.
utsöndrar hjärnan kortisol.
and it causes cloudy thinking.
inte fungerar på topp,
you're not going to be at your best,
no more stressful a situation
with a medical decision to make.
are going to be in that position,
hamna i en situation,
a very important decision
eller för någon närstående,
or that of a loved one,
specifikt medicinskt tillstånd.
a very particular medical condition.
för alla typer av medicinska beslut,
of medical decision-making,
och sociala beslut -
and social decision-making --
som man måste fatta,
en rationell utvärdering av fakta.
assessment of the facts.
and the doctor says,
och läkaren säger:
Ditt kolesterolvärde är lite högt."
your cholesterol's a little high."
för hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar,
of cardiovascular disease,
är ju inte så bra.
isn't the best thing,
"You know, I'd like to give you a drug
lower your cholesterol, a statin."
the most widely prescribed drugs
people who take them.
"Yeah! Give me the statin."
du bör ställa i det här läget,
you should ask at this point,
inte gillar att tala om,
don't like talking about,
ännu mindre gillar att tala om:
like talking about even less.
that need to take a drug
som måste ta en medicin
eller medicinsk behandling,
or any medical procedure
what kind of crazy statistic is that?
vad är det för galen statistik?
something to me
inte så inom medicin.
doesn't work that way.
så är det vetenskapsmän som jag.
it's the fault of scientists like me.
med att förstå vad som ligger bakom.
the underlying mechanisms well enough.
fungerar för 30-50% av patienterna.
in only 30 to 50 percent of the people.
med den statin som skrivs ut mest,
for the most widely prescribed statin,
innan en patient blir bra?
before one person is helped?
Jerome Groopman and Pamela Hartzband,
and Pamela Hartzband,
av Bloomberg.com.
take the drug for a year
eller annan allvarlig händelse avvärjs.
or other adverse event is prevented.
att minska mitt kolesterolvärde.
of lowering my cholesterol.
the prescription anyway."
om mer information:
for another statistic,
about the side effects." Right?
hos fem procent av alla patienter.
in five percent of the patients.
magtarmåkommor.
gastrointestinal distress --
it's going to happen to me,
you're not thinking clearly.
innan det händer,
to work through this ahead of time,
frågorna när det händer.
the chain of reasoning on the spot.
En person blir bättre.
One person's helped,
have side effects,
to be harmed by the drug
att medicinen skadar dig
att ta statin eller inte.
should take the statin or not.
this conversation with your doctor.
of informed consent.
den här sortens information
to this kind of information
om du vill ta riskerna eller inte.
you want to take the risks or not.
för att chocka er,
out of the air for shock value,
this number needed to treat.
ingreppet för män över 50,
on men over the age of 50,
på grund av cancer,
för att en person ska bli hjälpt.
for every one person who's helped.
hos 50% av patienterna.
occur in 50 percent of the patients.
erectile dysfunction,
of the 50 percent who has these,
is to think ahead of time
är att tänka efter före
that you might be able to ask
och komma på allt det här då.
all of this on the spot.
saker som livskvalité.
about things like quality of life.
fritt från smärta,
that's pain-free,
en massa lidande mot slutet?
a great deal of pain towards the end?
med familj och nära och kära.
and think about now,
när det väl blir på allvar,
in the heat of the moment,
att tänka på sådana saker.
with this kind of thinking.
utsöndrar vår hjärna kortisol,
releases cortisol,
that happens at that moment
you don't need your digestive system,
din sexualdrift eller immunsystemet,
metabolism on those things
och då spelar inget av det någon roll.
and then none of those things matter.
during those times of stress
och hans kollegor har bevisat.
and his colleagues have shown.
to think ahead
är att inse att vi alla har brister.
is recognizing that all of us are flawed.
vad dessa misslyckanden skulle kunna vara,
to what those failures might be,
och kunna minimera skadan
that will help minimize the damage,
att det händer över huvud taget.
from happening in the first place.
snowy night in Montreal,
till den snöiga natten i Montreal.
med ett kombinationslås bredvid dörren,
a combination lock next to the door,
en enkel kod att komma ihåg.
an easy to remember combination.
that haven't been sorted,
that I haven't gone through.
som en stegvis process.
as a gradual process,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Levitin - NeuroscientistDaniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life.
Why you should listen
Dr. Daniel Levitin is a neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, dean at Minerva Schools in San Francisco and a musician. His research focuses on pattern processing in the brain.
His three books This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, and the recent The Organized Mind are all bestsellers. A polymath at heart, he has performed with top musicians and holds a few gold and platinum records.
Levitin earned his B.A. in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science at Stanford University, and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Oregon, researching complex auditory patterns and pattern processing in expert and non-expert populations. He completed post-doctoral training at Stanford University Medical School (in Neuroimaging) and at UC Berkeley (in Cognitive Psychology). He has consulted on audio sound source separation for the U.S. Navy, and on audio quality for several rock bands and record labels (including the Grateful Dead and Steely Dan), and served as one of the “Golden Ears” expert listeners in the original Dolby AC3 compression tests. He worked for two years at the Silicon Valley think tank Interval Research Corporation.
He taught at Stanford University in the Department of Computer Science, the Program in Human-Computer Interaction, and the Departments of Psychology, Anthropology, Computer Music, and History of Science.
Daniel Levitin | Speaker | TED.com