Daniel Levitin: How to stay calm when you know you'll be stressed
Дэниел Левитин: Как сохранять спокойствие, когда известно, что стресс неизбежен
Daniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I broke into my own house.
в свой собственный дом.
in the dead of Montreal winter,
глубокой зимой в Монреале.
на другом конце города.
Jeff, across town,
read minus 40 degrees --
было –40°.
if that's Celsius or Fahrenheit,
по Цельсию или по Фаренгейту,
fumbling in my pockets,
through the window,
там, где я его оставил.
where I had left them.
пробуя открыть другие двери или окна,
and tried all the other doors and windows,
телефон-то у меня был, —
at least I had my cellphone,
пришлось бы долго ждать,
for a locksmith to show up,
Jeff's house for the night
у меня был вылет в Европу
to Europe the next morning,
my passport and my suitcase.
through the basement window,
и разбил им окно подвала.
and taped it up over the opening,
on the way to the airport,
и попрошу его починить окно.
and ask him to fix it.
чем услуги слесаря в полночь.
than a middle-of-the-night locksmith,
по деньгам нет разницы.
I was coming out even.
about how the brain performs under stress.
работает в условиях стресса.
that raises your heart rate,
который ускоряет сердцебиение,
that I had to call my contractor,
позвонить мастеру,
the cortisol in my brain,
because my thinking was cloudy.
так как моё мышление было затуманено.
to the airport check-in counter,
and ice, 40 minutes,
сквозь снег и гололедицу,
raced back to the airport,
my seat to someone else,
в хвосте самолёта у туалета,
next to the bathrooms,
на все восемь часов полёта.
on an eight-hour flight.
в течение этих восьми часов без сна.
during those eight hours and no sleep.
are there things that I can do,
from happening?
of it being a total catastrophe.
не оборачиваясь катастрофой.
until about a month later.
лауреатом Нобелевской премии,
Danny Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winner,
как разбил окно дома,
about having broken my window,
«проспективный взгляд в прошлое».
something called prospective hindsight.
from the psychologist Gary Klein,
a few years before,
об этой методике,
to figure out what went wrong, right?
и пытается определить, что пошло не так.
что может пойти не так,
all the things that could go wrong,
что ты сам можешь сделать,
what you can do
или минимизировать ущерб.
or to minimize the damage.
in the form of a pre-mortem.
в рамках премортема.
some of them are not so obvious.
некоторые — нет.
for things that are easily lost.
которые легко потерять.
like common sense, and it is,
to back this up,
пространственной памяти.
called the hippocampus,
of thousands of years,
десятков тысячелетий,
of important things --
местоположение важных предметов:
where fish can be found,
где можно найти рыбу,
и враждебные племена.
невероятно увеличена.
becomes enlarged.
that allows squirrels to find their nuts.
был проведён эксперимент,
somebody actually did the experiment
the olfactory sense of the squirrels,
they were using the hippocampus,
для поиска вещей в пространстве.
in the brain for finding things.
that don't move around much,
не изменяющих своего местоположения,
с поиском изменяющих.
and reading glasses and passports.
мы теряем ключи, очки или паспорт.
designate a spot for your keys --
maybe a decorative bowl.
или, может, декоративную чашу.
a particular table.
and you're scrupulous about it,
when you look for them.
когда потребуется.
of your credit cards,
своей кредитной карты,
you can facilitate replacement.
их будет легче восстановить.
the brain releases cortisol.
мозг вырабатывает кортизол.
and it causes cloudy thinking.
you're not going to be at your best,
вы действуете не лучшим образом,
no more stressful a situation
with a medical decision to make.
медицинское решение.
are going to be in that position,
оказывается в таком положении,
a very important decision
or that of a loved one,
медицинскую ситуацию,
a very particular medical condition.
все виды медицинских решений,
of medical decision-making,
and social decision-making --
социальных решений —
assessment of the facts.
при рациональной оценке фактов.
and the doctor says,
к врачу, и он говорит:
your cholesterol's a little high."
Ваш уровень холестерина повышен».
уровень холестерина
of cardiovascular disease,
сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний,
isn't the best thing,
«Я думаю прописать вам лекарство,
"You know, I'd like to give you a drug
lower your cholesterol, a statin."
уровень холестерина — статин».
the most widely prescribed drugs
кто его принимает.
people who take them.
"Yeah! Give me the statin."
you should ask at this point,
don't like talking about,
like talking about even less.
и того меньше:
that need to take a drug
которые должны принять лекарство,
или другую медицинскую процедуру,
or any medical procedure
what kind of crazy statistic is that?
something to me
doesn't work that way.
так это учёные вроде меня.
it's the fault of scientists like me.
с базовыми механизмами.
the underlying mechanisms well enough.
in only 30 to 50 percent of the people.
только для 30—50% пациентов.
for the most widely prescribed statin,
чтобы один излечился?
before one person is helped?
специалистов-практиков
Jerome Groopman and Pamela Hartzband,
агентством Bloomberg.
статин на протяжении года,
take the drug for a year
or other adverse event is prevented.
инфаркт или другое несчастье.
что мой холестерол понизится.
of lowering my cholesterol.
the prescription anyway."
о другой статистике,
for another statistic,
about the side effects." Right?
in five percent of the patients.
возникают у 5% пациентов.
gastrointestinal distress --
желудочно-кишечные расстройства.
it's going to happen to me,
вы не мыслите ясно.
you're not thinking clearly.
подготовьтесь вы заранее,
to work through this ahead of time,
цепь рассуждений на месте?
the chain of reasoning on the spot.
Одному оно помогло.
One person's helped,
проявились побочные эффекты,
have side effects,
to be harmed by the drug
что лекарство вам навредит,
should take the statin or not.
на важность этого разговора с врачом.
this conversation with your doctor.
of informed consent.
к подобного рода информации,
to this kind of information
готовы ли вы к таким рискам или нет.
you want to take the risks or not.
чтобы шокировать вас,
out of the air for shock value,
this number needed to treat.
данное число нуждающихся в лечении.
on men over the age of 50,
на мужчинах в возрасте старше 50 лет,
for every one person who's helped.
чтобы помочь одному человеку.
occur in 50 percent of the patients.
в данном случае у 50% пациентов.
erectile dysfunction,
эректильная дисфункция,
of the 50 percent who has these,
будут «всего» год или два.
is to think ahead of time
обдумывать заранее вопросы,
that you might be able to ask
all of this on the spot.
не в ваших интересах.
about things like quality of life.
но безболезненная жизнь
that's pain-free,
a great deal of pain towards the end?
но с сильными болями под конец?
and think about now,
и говорить сейчас —
in the heat of the moment,
над этими вопросами.
with this kind of thinking.
releases cortisol,
мозг вырабатывает кортизол,
that happens at that moment
you don't need your digestive system,
вам не нужны ни система пищеварения,
metabolism on those things
на всё это метаболизм,
and then none of those things matter.
и тогда ничто из этого уже не важно.
during those times of stress
отметаемых при стрессе,
логическое мышление,
and his colleagues have shown.
продумывать вещи заранее
to think ahead
is recognizing that all of us are flawed.
что все мы несовершенны.
что-то будет не получаться.
to what those failures might be,
какими могут быть наши промахи,
that will help minimize the damage,
минимизировать ущерб
from happening in the first place.
snowy night in Montreal,
снежной ночи в Монреале:
кодовый замок на двери
a combination lock next to the door,
an easy to remember combination.
и простой комбинацией.
that haven't been sorted,
неразобранные залежи почты
that I haven't gone through.
электронных писем.
as a gradual process,
как постепенный процесс
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Levitin - NeuroscientistDaniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life.
Why you should listen
Dr. Daniel Levitin is a neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, dean at Minerva Schools in San Francisco and a musician. His research focuses on pattern processing in the brain.
His three books This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, and the recent The Organized Mind are all bestsellers. A polymath at heart, he has performed with top musicians and holds a few gold and platinum records.
Levitin earned his B.A. in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science at Stanford University, and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Oregon, researching complex auditory patterns and pattern processing in expert and non-expert populations. He completed post-doctoral training at Stanford University Medical School (in Neuroimaging) and at UC Berkeley (in Cognitive Psychology). He has consulted on audio sound source separation for the U.S. Navy, and on audio quality for several rock bands and record labels (including the Grateful Dead and Steely Dan), and served as one of the “Golden Ears” expert listeners in the original Dolby AC3 compression tests. He worked for two years at the Silicon Valley think tank Interval Research Corporation.
He taught at Stanford University in the Department of Computer Science, the Program in Human-Computer Interaction, and the Departments of Psychology, Anthropology, Computer Music, and History of Science.
Daniel Levitin | Speaker | TED.com