Daniel Levitin: How to stay calm when you know you'll be stressed
Daniel Levitin: Kaip išlikti ramiais žinant, kad bus streso
Daniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I broke into my own house.
į savo paties namus.
in the dead of Montreal winter,
Monrealio žiemos šaltyje,
Jeff, across town,
kitame miesto gale,
read minus 40 degrees --
minus 40 laipsnių –
if that's Celsius or Fahrenheit,
ar Farenheito,
sutampa –
fumbling in my pockets,
besikapstant kišenėse,
through the window,
where I had left them.
kur juos ir palikau.
and tried all the other doors and windows,
kitas duris ir langus,
at least I had my cellphone,
bent jau turėjau savo telefoną,
for a locksmith to show up,
jo gerokai palaukti,
Jeff's house for the night
pas savo draugą Jeff nakčiai,
to Europe the next morning,
my passport and my suitcase.
through the basement window,
koridoriaus langą,
and taped it up over the opening,
ir su lipnia juosta užtvirtinau juo skylę,
on the way to the airport,
pakeliui į oro uostą,
and ask him to fix it.
kad sutaisytų.
than a middle-of-the-night locksmith,
spynų atrakintojas vidurį nakties,
I was coming out even.
gausis panašiai.
about how the brain performs under stress.
kaip smegenys dirba veikiant stresui.
that raises your heart rate,
širdies plakimą,
that I had to call my contractor,
meistrui,
the cortisol in my brain,
mano smegenyse
apsunkintas,
because my thinking was cloudy.
nes mano mąstymas buvo apsunkintas.
to the airport check-in counter,
and ice, 40 minutes,
40 minučių,
raced back to the airport,
my seat to someone else,
kažkam kitam,
next to the bathrooms,
šalia tualetų,
on an eight-hour flight.
8-ių valandų skrydyje.
during those eight hours and no sleep.
8-ias valandas nemigos.
are there things that I can do,
padaryti,
from happening?
of it being a total catastrophe.
būtų sumažinta.
until about a month later.
maždaug mėnuo.
Danny Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winner,
laureatu, Danny Kahneman,
about having broken my window,
išdaužtą langą
something called prospective hindsight.
ateities retrospektyva.
from the psychologist Gary Klein,
a few years before,
tyrimu.
to figure out what went wrong, right?
ir bando išsiaiškinti, kas atsitiko.
kaip aiškino Danny,
all the things that could go wrong,
viską, kas gali nepavykti,
what you can do
or to minimize the damage.
arba, kad žala būtų minimali.
in the form of a pre-mortem.
kaip priešlaikinį tyrimą.
some of them are not so obvious.
for things that are easily lost.
kurie lengvai pasimeta.
like common sense, and it is,
ir yra,
to back this up,
called the hippocampus,
of thousands of years,
of important things --
where fish can be found,
kur galima rasti žuvies,
gentys.
becomes enlarged.
that allows squirrels to find their nuts.
rasti savo riešutus.
somebody actually did the experiment
padarė bandymą,
the olfactory sense of the squirrels,
jutikliai
they were using the hippocampus,
in the brain for finding things.
rasti daiktus.
that don't move around much,
kurie pernelyg nejuda,
and reading glasses and passports.
ar skaitymo akinius ir pasus.
designate a spot for your keys --
savo raktams –
maybe a decorative bowl.
galbūt dekoratyvinį dubenį.
a particular table.
and you're scrupulous about it,
jos laikytis,
when you look for them.
kai jų prireiks.
of your credit cards,
savo kredito kortelę,
„debesyje“.
you can facilitate replacement.
jums bus daug lengviau juos atgauti.
the brain releases cortisol.
išskiria kortozilį.
and it causes cloudy thinking.
mąstymą.
nelaimės analizei
you're not going to be at your best,
mes ne tokie geri, kokie galėtume būti,
no more stressful a situation
stresinės situacijos,
with a medical decision to make.
sprendimus.
are going to be in that position,
tokioje situacijoje,
a very important decision
or that of a loved one,
a very particular medical condition.
medicininę situaciją.
of medical decision-making,
susijusiems su gydymu,
and social decision-making --
sprendimams –
assessment of the facts.
įvertinimas.
and the doctor says,
your cholesterol's a little high."
ir jūsų cholesterolis gana aukštas“.
of cardiovascular disease,
širdies ligų rizika,
isn't the best thing,
nėra gerai,
"You know, I'd like to give you a drug
jums vaistą,
lower your cholesterol, a statin."
kiekį, statiną“.
the most widely prescribed drugs
people who take them.
kas juos vartoja.
"Yeah! Give me the statin."
tą statiną.“
you should ask at this point,
don't like talking about,
like talking about even less.
nenori kalbėti.
that need to take a drug
vartoti vaistą
or any medical procedure
what kind of crazy statistic is that?
skaičius?
something to me
doesn't work that way.
taip neveikia.
it's the fault of scientists like me.
tai būtų mokslininkai kaip aš.
the underlying mechanisms well enough.
visų slypinčių mechanizmų.
in only 30 to 50 percent of the people.
30 % iki 50 % pacientų.
for the most widely prescribed statin,
dažniausiai išrašomam statinui,
before one person is helped?
kad vienas psaveiktų?
tyrimais, atliktais
Jerome Groopman and Pamela Hartzband,
ir Pamela Hartzband,
Bloomberg.com.
take the drug for a year
or other adverse event is prevented.
širdies smūgiui, insultui, ar kam kitam.
of lowering my cholesterol.
cholesterolio lygį.
the prescription anyway."
for another statistic,
about the side effects." Right?
šalutiniai poveikiai“. Taip?
in five percent of the patients.
5 % pacientų.
gastrointestinal distress --
skrandžio ir žarnyno sudirginimas –
it's going to happen to me,
you're not thinking clearly.
aiškiai mąstyti.
to work through this ahead of time,
šią situaciją iš anksto,
the chain of reasoning on the spot.
mąstymo seką vėliau.
One person's helped,
Vienas pasveiksta,
have side effects,
šalutinius poveikius,
to be harmed by the drug
vaistas pakenks,
should take the statin or not.
this conversation with your doctor.
pakartoti su savo daktaru.
of informed consent.
to this kind of information
you want to take the risks or not.
ar norite prisiimti riziką, ar ne.
out of the air for shock value,
kad jus išgąsdinčiau,
this number needed to treat.
skaičius reikalingas pagydyti.
on men over the age of 50,
virš 50 metų,
for every one person who's helped.
kol pagydomas vienas žmogus.
occur in 50 percent of the patients.
50 % pacientų.
erectile dysfunction,
of the 50 percent who has these,
kuriems tai pasireiškia,
is to think ahead of time
that you might be able to ask
kuriuos derėtų užduoti,
all of this on the spot.
staiga.
about things like quality of life.
kaip gyvenimo kokybė.
that's pain-free,
a great deal of pain towards the end?
atnešti daug skausmo?
and think about now,
reiktų pasikalbėti dabar
in the heat of the moment,
with this kind of thinking.
tokį mastymo būdą.
releases cortisol,
išleidžia kortizolį,
that happens at that moment
tuo metu, yra tai,
kūno sistemų.
you don't need your digestive system,
tau nereikia virškinimo sistemos,
metabolism on those things
eikvos savo metabolizmą
and then none of those things matter.
ir tada visa tai nebereikalinga.
during those times of stress
išmetami per langą,
and his colleagues have shown.
parodė.
to think ahead
iš anksto mąstyti
is recognizing that all of us are flawed.
pripažinti, kad visi mes netobuli.
to what those failures might be,
kokio nelaimės gali nutikti,
that will help minimize the damage,
kaip sumažinti žalą,
from happening in the first place.
snowy night in Montreal,
a combination lock next to the door,
šalia savo durų,
an easy to remember combination.
su lengvu atsiminti kodu.
that haven't been sorted,
kurio neišrūšiavau,
that I haven't gone through.
as a gradual process,
procesą,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Levitin - NeuroscientistDaniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life.
Why you should listen
Dr. Daniel Levitin is a neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, dean at Minerva Schools in San Francisco and a musician. His research focuses on pattern processing in the brain.
His three books This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, and the recent The Organized Mind are all bestsellers. A polymath at heart, he has performed with top musicians and holds a few gold and platinum records.
Levitin earned his B.A. in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science at Stanford University, and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Oregon, researching complex auditory patterns and pattern processing in expert and non-expert populations. He completed post-doctoral training at Stanford University Medical School (in Neuroimaging) and at UC Berkeley (in Cognitive Psychology). He has consulted on audio sound source separation for the U.S. Navy, and on audio quality for several rock bands and record labels (including the Grateful Dead and Steely Dan), and served as one of the “Golden Ears” expert listeners in the original Dolby AC3 compression tests. He worked for two years at the Silicon Valley think tank Interval Research Corporation.
He taught at Stanford University in the Department of Computer Science, the Program in Human-Computer Interaction, and the Departments of Psychology, Anthropology, Computer Music, and History of Science.
Daniel Levitin | Speaker | TED.com