Daniel Levitin: How to stay calm when you know you'll be stressed
ダニエル・レヴィティン: ストレスを受けても平静を保つ方法
Daniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I broke into my own house.
侵入しました
in the dead of Montreal winter,
真夜中近くのことです
Jeff, across town,
ジェフを訪ねた後で
read minus 40 degrees --
-40度を指していました
if that's Celsius or Fahrenheit,
気にしないで下さい
fumbling in my pockets,
ポケットを手探りして
through the window,
鍵が見えていました
where I had left them.
置いたままです
and tried all the other doors and windows,
窓を開けようとしましたが
at least I had my cellphone,
鍵屋を呼ぶことも考えましたが
for a locksmith to show up,
来るまでに時間が掛かるし
Jeff's house for the night
ヨーロッパに行く予定で
to Europe the next morning,
必要だったので
my passport and my suitcase.
泊まる訳にもいきません
凍えるような寒さの中で
through the basement window,
地下室の窓を壊しました
and taped it up over the opening,
壊した窓に張り付けました
on the way to the airport,
and ask him to fix it.
依頼すれば良いと考えました
than a middle-of-the-night locksmith,
高くないはずです
I was coming out even.
差し引きゼロだと考えたのです
about how the brain performs under stress.
脳の働き方を少々知っています
that raises your heart rate,
放出されて心拍数が上がり
that I had to call my contractor,
電話することを気に掛けて
the cortisol in my brain,
because my thinking was cloudy.
それに気付いていません
to the airport check-in counter,
気付きませんでした
and ice, 40 minutes,
雪と氷の中 大急ぎで家に戻り
raced back to the airport,
急いで空港に戻りました
間に合いましたが
my seat to someone else,
他の人に譲られていたので
next to the bathrooms,
on an eight-hour flight.
座席を倒せませんでした
during those eight hours and no sleep.
考える時間が沢山ありました
are there things that I can do,
起きるのを防ぐため
from happening?
考え始めました
もし悪いことが起きても
of it being a total catastrophe.
最小限に抑えるのです
until about a month later.
考えが具体化しませんでした
Danny Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winner,
ダニー・カーネマンと夕食中に
about having broken my window,
パスポートを忘れたことを
something called prospective hindsight.
紹介してくれました
from the psychologist Gary Klein,
本を書いた心理学者の
a few years before,
着想を得ました
to figure out what went wrong, right?
その原因を探りますね?
all the things that could go wrong,
発生しうる全ての問題を洗い出し
what you can do
もしくは損害を最小限にする
or to minimize the damage.
皆さんにお話ししたいのは
in the form of a pre-mortem.
some of them are not so obvious.
そうでないこともあります
for things that are easily lost.
置き場所を決めます
like common sense, and it is,
その通りです
to back this up,
働きに基づいた
沢山の科学的分析があります
called the hippocampus,
of thousands of years,
記憶するために
of important things --
where fish can be found,
住む場所などです
becomes enlarged.
that allows squirrels to find their nuts.
木の実をみつけます
somebody actually did the experiment
実際に行った実験があります
the olfactory sense of the squirrels,
というものです
they were using the hippocampus,
海馬を使っていました
in the brain for finding things.
脳の機能です
that don't move around much,
とても良いのですが
あまり適しません
and reading glasses and passports.
パスポートをなくす理由です
designate a spot for your keys --
鍵の置き場所を決めます
maybe a decorative bowl.
お皿に置いたりします
決まった引き出しに入れます
a particular table.
同じテーブルに置きます
and you're scrupulous about it,
それをきちんと守れば
when you look for them.
いつもそこにあります
of your credit cards,
パスポートの写真を撮って
クラウド上に置かれ
you can facilitate replacement.
簡単になります
分りやすいことです
the brain releases cortisol.
放出することを忘れないで下さい
and it causes cloudy thinking.
思考能力を低下させます
you're not going to be at your best,
ベストの状態ではないと認識すること
no more stressful a situation
直面する時ほど
with a medical decision to make.
ないでしょう
are going to be in that position,
皆そうした立場に置かれます
a very important decision
or that of a loved one,
a very particular medical condition.
お話ししますが
of medical decision-making,
and social decision-making --
社会的意志決定にも適用できます
assessment of the facts.
and the doctor says,
医師にこう言われたとします
your cholesterol's a little high."
コレステロール値が少し高いですね」
of cardiovascular disease,
脳卒中のリスクを高めることは
isn't the best thing,
"You know, I'd like to give you a drug
コレステロールを下げる
lower your cholesterol, a statin."
the most widely prescribed drugs
最も広く処方されている
people who take them.
飲んでいるかもしれません
"Yeah! Give me the statin."
と考えます
you should ask at this point,
するべき質問があります
don't like talking about,
話したがらないことで
like talking about even less.
更に話したくないことです
何でしょうか?
that need to take a drug
何らかの医療処置で
or any medical procedure
必要がある人数のことです
what kind of crazy statistic is that?
と思っていますね?
something to me
doesn't work that way.
そんな風にはいきません
it's the fault of scientists like me.
私のような科学者達の責任です
the underlying mechanisms well enough.
十分に把握していなかったのです
見積もりでは
in only 30 to 50 percent of the people.
30~50%の人にしか効きません
for the most widely prescribed statin,
スタチンの治療必要例数は
before one person is helped?
服用する必要がありますか?
Jerome Groopman and Pamela Hartzband,
パメラ・ハーツバンドの研究で
確認されています
take the drug for a year
その他の有害事象を防ぐ為
or other adverse event is prevented.
薬を服用する必要があるのです
of lowering my cholesterol.
300に1人の確率ですね
the prescription anyway."
for another statistic,
他の統計値も聞くべきです
about the side effects." Right?
教えて下さい」ですね?
in five percent of the patients.
gastrointestinal distress --
こう考えていますね
起きないだろう
it's going to happen to me,
低下していますね
you're not thinking clearly.
対処する方法を考えましょう
to work through this ahead of time,
作る必要はないのです
the chain of reasoning on the spot.
1人が助かり
One person's helped,
副作用が起きます
have side effects,
to be harmed by the drug
副作用を受ける可能性が
should take the statin or not.
話ではありません
this conversation with your doctor.
と言っているのです
of informed consent.
本質たる部分です
to this kind of information
話を始めるために
you want to take the risks or not.
知る権利があります
out of the air for shock value,
持ち出したのだと
this number needed to treat.
典型的なものです
on men over the age of 50,
最も広く行われている
for every one person who's helped.
49の手術が行われているのです
occur in 50 percent of the patients.
副作用が起きます
erectile dysfunction,
インポテンス、勃起障害
of the 50 percent who has these,
運が良ければ
1~2年で治まるでしょう
is to think ahead of time
that you might be able to ask
聞くかもしれない質問を
all of this on the spot.
考えたくないでしょう
about things like quality of life.
考えたいはずです
that's pain-free,
a great deal of pain towards the end?
長生きしたいのか
and think about now,
家族や愛する人達と
in the heat of the moment,
考えが変わるかもしれませんが
with this kind of thinking.
実践しています
releases cortisol,
放出することを忘れないで下さい
that happens at that moment
機能しなくなることです
you don't need your digestive system,
消化器官や
必要ありません
metabolism on those things
体が代謝を費やしていると
and then none of those things matter.
どうでも良いことなのです
during those times of stress
完全に消えてなくなるのは
and his colleagues have shown.
彼の同僚が示しています
to think ahead
身に付ける必要があります
is recognizing that all of us are flawed.
欠点があると認識することです
to what those failures might be,
前もって考えること
that will help minimize the damage,
導入すること
from happening in the first place.
起きないようにすることです
snowy night in Montreal,
モントリオールに戻ると
a combination lock next to the door,
ダイヤル錠付きキーボックスを
an easy to remember combination.
that haven't been sorted,
手紙を山積みにしているし
that I haven't gone through.
沢山あります
as a gradual process,
段階的なことと考えます
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Levitin - NeuroscientistDaniel Levitin incorporates findings from neuroscience into everyday life.
Why you should listen
Dr. Daniel Levitin is a neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, dean at Minerva Schools in San Francisco and a musician. His research focuses on pattern processing in the brain.
His three books This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, and the recent The Organized Mind are all bestsellers. A polymath at heart, he has performed with top musicians and holds a few gold and platinum records.
Levitin earned his B.A. in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science at Stanford University, and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Oregon, researching complex auditory patterns and pattern processing in expert and non-expert populations. He completed post-doctoral training at Stanford University Medical School (in Neuroimaging) and at UC Berkeley (in Cognitive Psychology). He has consulted on audio sound source separation for the U.S. Navy, and on audio quality for several rock bands and record labels (including the Grateful Dead and Steely Dan), and served as one of the “Golden Ears” expert listeners in the original Dolby AC3 compression tests. He worked for two years at the Silicon Valley think tank Interval Research Corporation.
He taught at Stanford University in the Department of Computer Science, the Program in Human-Computer Interaction, and the Departments of Psychology, Anthropology, Computer Music, and History of Science.
Daniel Levitin | Speaker | TED.com