TED2010
Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution!
Sir Ken Robinson: On aeg revolutsiooniks õppimises!
Filmed:
Readability: 3.4
9,209,583 views
Selles liigutavas naljakas järjes oma legendaarsele 2006. aasta loengule, rajab Sir Ken Robinson teed radikaalsele pöördele standardiseeritud koolidest isikupärastatud õppimisele, mille eesmärgiks on luua tingimused, kus laste loomulik talent saaks õitseda.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I was here four years ago,
0
1000
2000
Ma olin siin neli aastat tagasi
00:15
and I remember, at the time,
1
3000
2000
ja ma mäletan, et siis
00:17
that the talks weren't put online.
2
5000
3000
ei pandud loenguid veel internetti üles.
00:20
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
3
8000
4000
TED-i huvilised said neid soetada karbis,
00:24
a box set of DVDs,
4
12000
2000
DVD-kogumikuna karbis,
00:26
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
5
14000
3000
mille nad panid riiulisse, kus need on siiani.
00:29
(Laughter)
6
17000
2000
(Naer)
00:31
And actually, Chris called me
7
19000
2000
Ja tegelikult helistas Chris mulle
00:33
a week after I'd given my talk
8
21000
2000
nädal pärast mu loengut,
00:35
and he said, "We're going to start putting them online.
9
23000
2000
ja ütles:"Me hakkame loenguid internetti üles panema."
00:37
Can we put yours online?" And I said, "Sure."
10
25000
3000
"Kas me võime Sinu oma ka üles panna?" Ja ma ütlesin: "Kindel see."
00:40
And four years later,
11
28000
2000
Ja neli aastat hiljem
00:42
as I said, it's been seen by four ...
12
30000
2000
nagu ma ütlesin, on seda vaadatud neli...
00:44
Well, it's been downloaded four million times.
13
32000
3000
Tähendab, seda on alla laetud neli miljonit korda.
00:47
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
14
35000
3000
Nii, et ma oletan, et võite selle korrutada umbes kahekümnega,
00:50
to get the number of people who've seen it.
15
38000
2000
et saada aimu, kui palju inimesi seda loengut näinud on.
00:52
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger
16
40000
4000
Ja nagu Chris ütles, on olemas nõudlus
00:56
for videos of me.
17
44000
2000
minu videote järele.
00:58
(Laughter)
18
46000
3000
(Naer)
01:01
(Applause)
19
49000
3000
(Aplaus)
01:06
... don't you feel?
20
54000
1000
... kas teile ei tundu?
01:07
(Laughter)
21
55000
3000
(Naer)
01:12
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
22
60000
3000
Niisiis, kogu see üritus on olnud keerukas loomeprotsess,
01:15
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
23
63000
4000
et teile järgmist loengut anda. Nii, siit see tuleb.
01:19
(Laughter)
24
67000
1000
(Naer)
01:22
Al Gore spoke
25
70000
2000
Al Gore kõneles
01:24
at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
26
72000
3000
neli aastat tagasi samal TED-konverentsil, kus minagi.
01:27
and talked about the climate crisis.
27
75000
2000
Ta rääkis kliimakriisidest
01:29
And I referenced that
28
77000
2000
Ja ma viitasin sellele
01:31
at the end of my last talk.
29
79000
2000
oma viimase loengu lõpus.
01:33
So I want to pick up from there
30
81000
2000
Niisiis tahan jätkata, sealt, kus pooleli jäin,
01:35
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
31
83000
3000
sest mul oli ainult 18 minutit, kui aus olla.
01:38
So, as I was saying...
32
86000
2000
Nii, nagu ma ütlesin...
01:40
(Laughter)
33
88000
5000
(Naer)
01:48
You see, he's right.
34
96000
2000
Tal on tegelikult ju õigus.
01:50
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
35
98000
3000
Selge see, et meil on tegemist suuremat sorti kliimakriisiga.
01:53
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
36
101000
3000
Ja ma arvan, et kui inimesed seda ei usu, peaksid nad rohkem õues olema.
01:56
(Laughter)
37
104000
3000
(Naer)
01:59
But I believe there's a second climate crisis,
38
107000
3000
Aga ma usun, et on olemas veel teine kliimakriis.
02:03
which is as severe,
39
111000
2000
Mis on sama tõsine,
02:05
which has the same origins,
40
113000
3000
millel on samad juured
02:08
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
41
116000
3000
ja millega me peame sama pakiliselt tegelema.
02:11
And I mean by this --
42
119000
2000
Ja sellega mõtlen ma...
02:13
and you may say, by the way, "Look, I'm good.
43
121000
2000
ja te võite muuseas öelda: "Näed, mul läheb hästi.
02:15
I have one climate crisis;
44
123000
2000
Mul on üks kliimakriis
02:17
I don't really need the second one."
45
125000
3000
ja mul tõesti ei ole veel teist juurde vaja."
02:20
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
46
128000
2000
Aga see ei ole mitte looduslike ressursside kriis,
02:22
though I believe that's true --
47
130000
3000
kuigi ma usun et see on tõsi,
02:25
but a crisis of human resources.
48
133000
2000
vaid inimressursside kriis.
02:27
I believe fundamentally,
49
135000
2000
Ma usun kindlalt,
02:29
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
50
137000
2000
just nagu mitmed eelkõnelejad nende viimase paari päeva jooksul,
02:31
that we make very poor use
51
139000
3000
et me kasutame liig vähe
02:34
of our talents.
52
142000
3000
oma andeid.
02:37
Very many people go through their whole lives
53
145000
2000
Paljud inimesed lähevad läbi terve elu
02:39
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
54
147000
3000
teadmata, mis nende tõelised anded on
02:42
or if they have any to speak of.
55
150000
2000
või kas neid üldse on.
02:44
I meet all kinds of people
56
152000
2000
Ma olen kohanud igasuguseid inimesi,
02:46
who don't think they're really good at anything.
57
154000
3000
kes leiavad, et nad ei ole mitte milleski head.
02:50
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
58
158000
3000
Ausaltöeldes jaotan ma nüüd maailma kahte gruppi.
02:53
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
59
161000
3000
Jeremy Bentham, suur utilitaarne filosoof,
02:56
once spiked this argument.
60
164000
2000
tõi kord välja järgneva väite.
02:58
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
61
166000
2000
Ta ütles: " Maailmas on kahte sorti inimesi,
03:00
those who divide the world into two types
62
168000
2000
need, kes jagavad maailma kaheks
03:02
and those who do not."
63
170000
2000
ja need, kes seda ei tee."
03:04
(Laughter)
64
172000
3000
(Naer)
03:09
Well, I do.
65
177000
2000
Mina, niisiis, teen seda.
03:11
(Laughter)
66
179000
2000
(Naer)
03:16
I meet all kinds of people
67
184000
2000
Ma kohtun igasugu erinevate inimestega,
03:18
who don't enjoy what they do.
68
186000
3000
kes ei naudi seda, mida nad teevad.
03:21
They simply go through their lives
69
189000
2000
Nad lähevad läbi elu
03:23
getting on with it.
70
191000
2000
sellega lihtsalt edasi minnes.
03:25
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
71
193000
2000
Nad ei saa mingit suurt naudingut sellest, mida nad teevad.
03:27
They endure it rather than enjoy it
72
195000
3000
Nad kannatavad selle ära, mitte ei naudi seda
03:30
and wait for the weekend.
73
198000
3000
ning ootavad nädalavahetust.
03:33
But I also meet people
74
201000
2000
Aga ma kohtun ka inimestega,
03:35
who love what they do
75
203000
2000
kes armastavad seda, mida nad teevad
03:37
and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
76
205000
2000
ja kes ei kujutaks ette millegi muu tegemist.
03:39
If you said to them, "Don't do this anymore," they'd wonder what you were talking about.
77
207000
3000
Kui neile öelda:"Ära tee seda enam," nad ei saaks aru, millest sa räägid.
03:42
Because it isn't what they do, it's who they are. They say,
78
210000
3000
Sest see ei ole ainult see, mida nad teevad, see on see, kes nad on. Nad ütlevad:
03:45
"But this is me, you know.
79
213000
2000
"See olen mina, kas tead.
03:47
It would be foolish for me to abandon this, because
80
215000
2000
Minust oleks rumal seda hüljata, sest
03:49
it speaks to my most authentic self."
81
217000
2000
see ongi mu kõige sügavam "mina".
03:51
And it's not true of enough people.
82
219000
3000
Ja see ei ole mitte väga paljude inimeste puhul nii.
03:54
In fact, on the contrary, I think
83
222000
2000
Ausaltöeldes, ma pigem arvan, et
03:56
it's still true of a minority of people.
84
224000
2000
see on nii vähemuse puhul.
03:58
I think there are many
85
226000
2000
Ja ma arvan, et sellele on
04:00
possible explanations for it.
86
228000
2000
mitmeid võimalikke seletusi.
04:02
And high among them
87
230000
2000
Ja üks tõenäolisemaid neist
04:04
is education,
88
232000
2000
on haridus,
04:06
because education, in a way,
89
234000
2000
sest omal viisil haridus
04:08
dislocates very many people
90
236000
2000
ajab väga paljusid inimesi
04:10
from their natural talents.
91
238000
2000
nende loomulikest annetest eemale.
04:12
And human resources are like natural resources;
92
240000
3000
Ja inimressursid on nagu loodusressursid,
04:15
they're often buried deep.
93
243000
2000
nad on tihti sügavale maetud.
04:17
You have to go looking for them,
94
245000
2000
Neid peab otsima.
04:19
they're not just lying around on the surface.
95
247000
2000
Nad ei vedele niisama maas.
04:21
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
96
249000
3000
Neile peab looma soodsad tingimused, et nad saaksid ennast näidata.
04:24
And you might imagine
97
252000
2000
Ja me võime ju arvata,
04:26
education would be the way that happens,
98
254000
2000
et läbi hariduse see ka juhtub.
04:28
but too often it's not.
99
256000
2000
Aga väga tihti ei ole see nii.
04:30
Every education system in the world
100
258000
2000
Iga haridussüsteemi maailmas
04:32
is being reformed at the moment
101
260000
2000
reformitakse hetkel.
04:34
and it's not enough.
102
262000
2000
Aga see ei ole piisav.
04:36
Reform is no use anymore,
103
264000
2000
Reformist ei ole enam kasu,
04:38
because that's simply improving a broken model.
104
266000
3000
sest see on lihtsalt katkise mudeli arendamine.
04:41
What we need --
105
269000
2000
Mida meil aga vaja on -
04:43
and the word's been used many times during the course of the past few days --
106
271000
2000
ja seda sõna on viimase paari päeva jooksul korduvalt kasutatud -
04:45
is not evolution,
107
273000
2000
ei ole mitte evolutsioon,
04:47
but a revolution in education.
108
275000
3000
vaid revolutsioon hariduses.
04:50
This has to be transformed
109
278000
2000
Seda peab muutma
04:52
into something else.
110
280000
2000
millekski muuks.
04:54
(Applause)
111
282000
5000
(Aplaus)
05:00
One of the real challenges
112
288000
2000
Üks suuremaid väljakutseid
05:02
is to innovate fundamentally
113
290000
2000
on uuendada haridust
05:04
in education.
114
292000
2000
põhjalikult.
05:06
Innovation is hard
115
294000
2000
Reformimine on raske,
05:08
because it means doing something
116
296000
2000
sest see tähendab millegi tegemist,
05:10
that people don't find very easy, for the most part.
117
298000
2000
mida enamus inimestest ei leia väga kerge olevat.
05:12
It means challenging what we take for granted,
118
300000
3000
See tähendab millegi vaidlustamist, mida me enesestmõistetavaks peame,
05:15
things that we think are obvious.
119
303000
3000
asjad, mida me võtame ilmselgetena.
05:18
The great problem for reform
120
306000
2000
Suureks probleemiks reformi
05:20
or transformation
121
308000
2000
või muutumise juures
05:22
is the tyranny of common sense;
122
310000
2000
on terve mõistuse türannia -
05:24
things that people think,
123
312000
2000
asjad, mille puhul inimesed mõtlevad:
05:26
"Well, it can't be done any other way because that's the way it's done."
124
314000
2000
"Seda ei saa teha kuidagi teisiti, sest see on viis, kuidas seda tehakse."
05:28
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
125
316000
3000
Hiljuti juhtusin lugema tsitaati Abraham Lincolnilt,
05:31
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
126
319000
3000
kelle tsitaati minu arvamist mööda teile praegusel hetkel meeldiks kuulda.
05:34
(Laughter)
127
322000
2000
(Naer)
05:36
He said this in December 1862
128
324000
3000
Ta ütles seda 1862. aasta detsembris
05:39
to the second annual meeting of Congress.
129
327000
3000
Kongressi teisel aastakogunemisel.
05:43
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
130
331000
3000
Ma peaks selgituseks ütlema, et mul ei ole aimugi, mis sel ajal juhtus.
05:48
We don't teach American history in Britain.
131
336000
2000
Meil Suurbritannias Ameerika ajalugu ei õpetata.
05:50
(Laughter)
132
338000
2000
(Naer)
05:52
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
133
340000
3000
Me vaikime selle maha. See on meie põhimõte.
05:55
(Laughter)
134
343000
2000
(Naer)
05:58
So, no doubt, something fascinating was happening in December 1862,
135
346000
2000
Niisiis, ilma igasugu kahtluseta juhtus 1862. aasta detsembris midagi võluvat,
06:00
which the Americans among us
136
348000
2000
millest meie keskel olevad ameeriklased
06:02
will be aware of.
137
350000
2000
teadlikud on.
06:05
But he said this:
138
353000
2000
Aga ta ütles seda:
06:07
"The dogmas
139
355000
2000
"Dogmad
06:09
of the quiet past
140
357000
2000
vaiksest minevikust
06:11
are inadequate to the stormy present.
141
359000
3000
ei vasta tormisele olevikule.
06:14
The occasion
142
362000
2000
Olukord
06:16
is piled high with difficulty,
143
364000
2000
on kõrge raskuste koorma all
06:18
and we must rise with the occasion."
144
366000
3000
ja me peame olukorraga koos tõusma."
06:21
I love that.
145
369000
2000
Ma armastan seda.
06:23
Not rise to it, rise with it.
146
371000
3000
Mitte selleni tõusma vaid sellega.
06:27
"As our case is new,
147
375000
2000
"Kuna meie juhtum on uus,
06:29
so we must think anew
148
377000
3000
peame me ka mõtlema uutmoodi
06:32
and act anew.
149
380000
3000
ning käituma uutmoodi.
06:35
We must disenthrall ourselves,
150
383000
3000
Me peame end vabastama orjastusest
06:38
and then we shall save our country."
151
386000
3000
ja siis me alles päästame oma maa."
06:41
I love that word, "disenthrall."
152
389000
2000
Mulle meeldib see sõnapaar "orjastusest vabastama"
06:43
You know what it means?
153
391000
2000
Kas teate, mida see tähendab?
06:45
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
154
393000
3000
Et on ideid, mille orjastuses me kõik oleme.
06:48
which we simply take for granted
155
396000
2000
Mida me lihtsalt enesestmõistetavatena võtame.
06:50
as the natural order of things, the way things are.
156
398000
2000
Nagu asjade loomulik käik, viis kuidas asjad on.
06:52
And many of our ideas
157
400000
2000
Ja paljud meie ideedest
06:54
have been formed, not to meet the circumstances of this century,
158
402000
3000
on vormitud mitte selleks, et neist oleks kasu selle sajandi asjaoludega hakkama saamisel
06:57
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
159
405000
3000
vaid selleks, et toime tulla möödunud sajandite asjaoludega.
07:00
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
160
408000
2000
Aga meie meeled on ikka veel neist hüpnotiseeritud.
07:02
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
161
410000
3000
Ja me peame osalt end nende orjastusest vabastama.
07:05
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
162
413000
3000
Sellest on muidugi kergem rääkida, kui konkreetselt midagi ära teha.
07:08
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted. (Laughter)
163
416000
3000
Muuseas, on väga raske teada saada, mida me enesestmõistetavaks peame.
07:11
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
164
419000
3000
Ja selle põhjuseks on, et me seda enesestmõistetavaks peame.
07:14
So let me ask you something you may take for granted.
165
422000
3000
Niisiis, lubage mul küsida teilt midagi, mida te võite võtta enesestmõistetavalt.
07:17
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
166
425000
3000
Kui paljud teist siin on üle 25 aasta vanad?
07:20
That's not what I think you take for granted,
167
428000
2000
See ei ole see, mida ma arvan, et te enesestmõistetavaks võite pidada.
07:22
I'm sure you're familiar with that already.
168
430000
2000
Ma olen kindel, et te olete sellega juba tuttavad.
07:24
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
169
432000
3000
Kas siis on kedagi, kes on noorem kui 25 aastat?
07:27
Great. Now, those over 25,
170
435000
3000
Väga hea. Nüüd need, kes on üle 25,
07:30
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
171
438000
3000
kas võiksid tõsta käed need, kes kannavad käekella?
07:33
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
172
441000
3000
See on suur osa meist, kas pole?
07:36
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
173
444000
3000
Küsi toatäielt teismelistelt sedasama asja.
07:39
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
174
447000
2000
Teismelised ei kanna käekellasid.
07:41
I don't mean they can't or they're not allowed to,
175
449000
2000
Ma ei mõtle sellega, et nad ei saa või et nad ei tohi,
07:43
they just often choose not to.
176
451000
2000
nad lihtsalt tihti valivad seda mitte teha.
07:45
And the reason is, you see, that we were brought up
177
453000
2000
Ja põhjuseks, kas teate, on see, et me oleme üles kasvanud
07:47
in a pre-digital culture, those of us over 25.
178
455000
3000
digitaliseerumise eelsel ajal, need meist, kes on üle 25 aasta vanad.
07:50
And so for us, if you want to know the time
179
458000
2000
Ja meie jaoks, kui me tahame teada aega,
07:52
you have to wear something to tell it.
180
460000
2000
tuleb midagi kanda, mis seda ütleb.
07:54
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
181
462000
3000
Tänapäeva lapsed elavad digitaliseeritud maailmas
07:57
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
182
465000
2000
ja nende jaoks on aeg kõikjal.
07:59
They see no reason to do this.
183
467000
2000
Nad ei näe ühtegi põhjust, et seda teha.
08:01
And by the way, you don't need to do it either;
184
469000
2000
Ja muuseas, seda ei olegi üldse vaja teha,
08:03
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
185
471000
3000
asi on lihtsalt selles, et me oleme seda alati teinud ja me lihtsalt jätkame seda.
08:06
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
186
474000
3000
Mu tütar ei kanna kunagi käekella, mu tütar Kate, kes on 20.
08:09
She doesn't see the point.
187
477000
2000
Ta ei näe sel mõtet.
08:11
As she says, "It's a single function device."
188
479000
3000
Ja ta ütleb: "See on ühe ainsa funktsiooniga seade."
08:14
(Laughter)
189
482000
5000
(Naer)
08:19
"Like, how lame is that?"
190
487000
3000
"Kui mõttetu saab üks asi üldse olla?"
08:22
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
191
490000
2000
Ja ma ütlen: "Ei, ei, see ütleb kuupäeva ka."
08:24
(Laughter)
192
492000
4000
(Naer)
08:29
"It has multiple functions."
193
497000
3000
"Sel on mitu funktsiooni"
08:32
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
194
500000
3000
Aga nagu te näete, on aspekte hariduses, mis on meid orjastanud.
08:35
Let me give you a couple of examples.
195
503000
2000
Ma toon teile paar näidet.
08:37
One of them is the idea of linearity:
196
505000
3000
Üks neis on idee sirgjoonelisusest,
08:40
that it starts here and you go through a track
197
508000
3000
Et see algab siin ja kui jälgida täpselt rada
08:43
and if you do everything right, you will end up
198
511000
2000
ning teha kõike õigesti, jõutaksegi kohta,
08:45
set for the rest of your life.
199
513000
2000
kus kõik on terveks eluks paika pandud.
08:49
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
200
517000
2000
Kõik, kes on TED-i raames kõnelenud, on meile rääkinud piltlikult
08:51
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
201
519000
3000
või mõnikord ka otse, hoopis vastupidisest,
08:54
that life is not linear; it's organic.
202
522000
3000
et elu ei ole mitte sirgejooneline vaid orgaaniline.
08:57
We create our lives symbiotically
203
525000
2000
Me ehitame oma elud üles sümbiootiliselt
08:59
as we explore our talents
204
527000
2000
kuna me avastame oma andeid
09:01
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
205
529000
3000
sõltuvalt tingimustest.
09:04
But, you know, we have become obsessed
206
532000
2000
Aga kas teate, meile on saanud kinnisideeks
09:06
with this linear narrative.
207
534000
2000
see sirgjooneline narratiiv.
09:08
And probably the pinnacle for education
208
536000
2000
Ja ilmselt haridussüsteemi tipp
09:10
is getting you to college.
209
538000
2000
on pääs ülikooli.
09:12
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
210
540000
3000
Ma arvan, et meie kinnisideeks on ajada inimesi ülikoolidesse,
09:15
Certain sorts of college.
211
543000
2000
kindlat sorti ülikoolidesse.
09:17
I don't mean you shouldn't go to college, but not everybody needs to go
212
545000
2000
Ma ei pea silmas, et me ei peaks minema ülikooli, aga mitte kõik ei pea sinna minema.
09:19
and not everybody needs to go now.
213
547000
2000
Ja mitte kõik ei pea minema nüüd.
09:21
Maybe they go later, not right away.
214
549000
2000
Võib-olla lähevad nad hiljem, mitte kohe praegu.
09:23
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago
215
551000
2000
Ma olin mõnda aega tagasi San Franciscos,
09:25
doing a book signing.
216
553000
2000
kus jagasin oma raamatu autogramme.
09:27
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
217
555000
2000
Seal oli üks kolmekümnendates mees, kes oli ostnud mu raamatu.
09:29
And I said, "What do you do?"
218
557000
2000
Ma küsisin talt: "Mis ametit Sa pead?"
09:31
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
219
559000
3000
Ja ta ütles: "Ma olen tuletõrjuja."
09:34
And I said, "How long have you been a fireman?"
220
562000
2000
Ma küsisin: "Kui kaua Sa oled juba tuletõrjuja olnud?"
09:36
He said, "Always. I've always been a fireman."
221
564000
2000
Ta vastas: "Alati, ma olen alati olnud tuletõrjuja."
09:38
And I said, "Well, when did you decide?"
222
566000
2000
Ja ma küsisin: "No, millal Sa siis otsustasid?"
09:40
He said, "As a kid." He said, "Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
223
568000
3000
Mille peale tavastas: "Lapsena." Ta ütles: "Koolis oli see probleemiks,
09:43
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
224
571000
3000
sest koolis tahavad ju kõik tuletõrjujaks saada."
09:46
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
225
574000
3000
"Aga mina TAHTSIN tuletõrjujaks saada," ütles ta.
09:49
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
226
577000
3000
Ja ta ütles: "Kui õppisin viimases klassis
09:52
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
227
580000
3000
ei võtnud õpetajad mu soovi tõsiselt.
09:55
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
228
583000
2000
Eriti umbusklik oli selle suhtes üks õpetaja.
09:57
He said I was throwing my life away
229
585000
2000
Ta ütles, et raiskan oma elu,
09:59
if that's all I chose to do with it;
230
587000
2000
kui see ongi kõik, mis ma otsustan sellega teha,
10:01
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
231
589000
3000
et ma pidanuks minema ülikooli ja saama haritud inimeseks,
10:04
that I had great potential
232
592000
2000
kuna tema arvates oli mul selleks palju potentsiaali
10:06
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
233
594000
2000
ning et tuletõrjujaks saamine olnuks talendi raiskamine."
10:08
And he said, "It was humiliating because
234
596000
2000
Ta ütles: "See kõik oli väga alandav,
10:10
he said it in front of the whole class and I really felt dreadful.
235
598000
2000
sest õpetaja ütles oma arvamust terve klassi ees, mis pani mind end väga halvasti tundma.
10:12
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
236
600000
2000
Aga kuna tuletõrjujaks saamine oli see, mida ma tahtsin, siis peagi pärast kooli lõppu
10:14
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted."
237
602000
3000
esitasingi taotluse tuletõrjele ja mind võeti vastu."
10:17
And he said, "You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
238
605000
2000
Ja ta ütles: "Kas tead, ma just enne mõtlesin sellest õpetajast,
10:19
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,"
239
607000
3000
just paari minuti eest, kui Sa loengut pidasid,
10:22
he said, "because six months ago,
240
610000
2000
sest kuue kuu eest
10:24
I saved his life."
241
612000
2000
ma päästsin ta elu."
10:26
(Laughter)
242
614000
2000
(Naer)
10:28
He said, "He was in a car wreck,
243
616000
2000
Ta ütles: "Kunagine õpetaja oli sattunud autoõnnetusse,
10:30
and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
244
618000
3000
ma tõmbasin ta välja, tegin talle kunstlikku hingamist,
10:33
and I saved his wife's life as well."
245
621000
3000
ning päästsin ka ta naise elu."
10:36
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
246
624000
2000
Ja ta ütles: "Ma arvan, et õpetajal on minust nüüd parem arvamus."
10:38
(Laughter)
247
626000
2000
(Naer)
10:40
(Applause)
248
628000
5000
(Aplaus)
10:46
You know, to me,
249
634000
2000
Kas teate, minu jaoks
10:48
human communities depend upon
250
636000
2000
sõltuvad inimühiskonnad
10:50
a diversity of talent,
251
638000
2000
annete mitmekesisusest,
10:52
not a singular conception of ability.
252
640000
3000
mitte erilisest nägemusest võimekuse kohta.
10:55
And at the heart of our challenges --
253
643000
2000
Ja meie väljakutsete sisus -
10:57
(Applause)
254
645000
2000
(Aplaus)
10:59
At the heart of the challenge
255
647000
2000
Väljakutse sisuks
11:01
is to reconstitute our sense of ability
256
649000
2000
on uuesti moodustada võimekuse
11:03
and of intelligence.
257
651000
2000
ja intelligentsi meel.
11:05
This linearity thing is a problem.
258
653000
2000
See sirgjoongelisuse asi on probleemiks.
11:07
When I arrived in L.A.
259
655000
2000
Kui ma L.A.-sse kolisin
11:09
about nine years ago,
260
657000
2000
umbes üheksa aastat tagasi,
11:11
I came across a policy statement --
261
659000
3000
juhtusin ma nägema üht poliitilist lööklauset,
11:14
very well-intentioned --
262
662000
2000
idee poolest väga heade kavatsustega,
11:16
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
263
664000
3000
mis ütles: "Ülikool algab lasteaias."
11:21
No, it doesn't.
264
669000
2000
Ei alga.
11:23
(Laughter)
265
671000
3000
(Naer)
11:26
It doesn't.
266
674000
2000
Tõesti ei alga.
11:28
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
267
676000
3000
Kui meil oleks aega, võiksin sellesse teemasse sügavamalt süüvida, aga meil ei ole aega.
11:31
(Laughter)
268
679000
2000
(Naer)
11:33
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
269
681000
2000
Lasteaias algab lasteaed.
11:35
(Laughter)
270
683000
2000
(Naer)
11:37
A friend of mine once said,
271
685000
2000
Üks mu sõber ütles kord:
11:39
"You know, a three year-old is not half a six year-old."
272
687000
3000
"Kolmeaastane ei ole pool kuueaastasest."
11:42
(Laughter)
273
690000
2000
(Naer)
11:44
(Applause)
274
692000
5000
(Aplaus)
11:49
They're three.
275
697000
2000
Nad on ju ainult kolmeaastased.
11:51
But as we just heard in this last session,
276
699000
2000
Aga nagu me eelmisel loengul kuulsime,
11:53
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
277
701000
3000
on praegusel hetkel suur konkurents, et saada laps lasteaeda,
11:56
to get to the right kindergarten --
278
704000
2000
et saada ta õigesse lasteaeda,
11:58
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
279
706000
3000
et kolmeaastaseid lapsi interviueeritakse selle tarvis.
12:03
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
280
711000
2000
Lapsed, kes istuvad pettunud spetsialistide nõukogu ees,
12:05
you know, with their resumes,
281
713000
2000
oma elulookirjeldustega,
12:07
(Laughter)
282
715000
3000
(Naer)
12:10
flipping through and saying, "Well, this is it?"
283
718000
2000
kes seda läbi lapates küsivad: "Kas see ongi kõik?"
12:12
(Laughter)
284
720000
2000
(Naer)
12:14
(Applause)
285
722000
3000
(Aplaus)
12:17
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
286
725000
3000
"Sa oled siin juba viimased 36 kuud ja see ongi kõik?"
12:20
(Laughter)
287
728000
7000
(Naer)
12:27
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
288
735000
3000
"Sa ei ole mitte midagi saavutanud ega korda saatnud.
12:30
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, the way I can see it."
289
738000
3000
Sa veetsid esimesed kuus kuud olles rinnaga toidetav, nii näen seda mina."
12:33
(Laughter)
290
741000
3000
(Naer)
12:38
See, it's outrageous as a conception, but it [unclear].
291
746000
3000
See on pöörane idee, aga see veetleb inimesi.
12:41
The other big issue is conformity.
292
749000
2000
Teine suur probleem on kuulekus.
12:43
We have built our education systems
293
751000
2000
Me oleme ehitanud oma koolisüsteemid üles
12:45
on the model of fast food.
294
753000
2000
kiirtoidu mudelile.
12:47
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
295
755000
3000
Sellest rääkis ka Jamie Oliver mõni aeg tagasi.
12:50
You know there are two models of quality assurance in catering.
296
758000
2000
Toitlustuses on kaks mudelit kvaliteedi garantiiks.
12:52
One is fast food,
297
760000
2000
Üks on kiirtoit,
12:54
where everything is standardized.
298
762000
2000
kus kõik on standardiseeritud.
12:56
The other are things like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
299
764000
2000
Teine on see, mille alla käivad näiteks Zagati ja Michelini restoranid,
12:58
where everything is not standardized,
300
766000
2000
kus kõik ei ole standardiseeritud,
13:00
they're customized to local circumstances.
301
768000
2000
nad on kohandatud vastavalt kohalikele tingimustele.
13:02
And we have sold ourselves into a fast food model of education,
302
770000
3000
Ja mis puudutab haridust, oleme me endid müünud kiirtoidu mudelile.
13:05
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
303
773000
3000
Ja see laostab meie hinge ja meie energiaid
13:08
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
304
776000
3000
just niisamuti kui kiirtoit laastab meie füüsilisi kehasid.
13:11
(Applause)
305
779000
5000
(Aplaus)
13:17
I think we have to recognize a couple of things here.
306
785000
2000
Mulle tundub, et peame siinkohal mõne asja selgeks tegema.
13:19
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
307
787000
3000
Üks on see, et inimtalent on tohutult erinev.
13:22
People have very different aptitudes.
308
790000
2000
Inimestel on väga erinevaid oskusi.
13:24
I worked out recently that
309
792000
2000
Ma mõistsin hiljuti, et
13:26
I was given a guitar as a kid
310
794000
2000
mulle kingiti lapsena kitarr
13:28
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
311
796000
3000
umbes samal ajal kui Eric Clapton sai oma esimese kitarri.
13:32
You know, it worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
312
800000
3000
Ericul see õnnestus, see on ainus, mida ma sellega öelda tahan.
13:35
(Laughter)
313
803000
2000
(Naer)
13:37
In a way, it did not for me.
314
805000
2000
Ühel või teisel põhjusel minul see ei õnnestunud.
13:39
I could not get this thing to work
315
807000
3000
Ma lihtsalt ei saanud seda asja tööle
13:42
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
316
810000
2000
hoolimata sellest kui tihti ja kui tugevasti ma sellesse puhusin.
13:44
(Laughter) It just wouldn't work.
317
812000
2000
See lihtsat ei töötanud.
13:49
But it's not only about that.
318
817000
2000
Aga selles ei olegi asi.
13:51
It's about passion.
319
819000
2000
Asi on kires.
13:53
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
320
821000
2000
Tihti on inimesed head asjades, millest nad tegelikult ei hooligi väga.
13:55
It's about passion,
321
823000
2000
Asi on kires
13:57
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
322
825000
3000
ja selles, mis meie hinge ja energiat kõige rohkem ergutab.
14:00
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
323
828000
3000
Ja kui teha midagi, mida sa armastad ja milles sa oled hea
14:03
time takes a different course entirely.
324
831000
3000
võtab aeg lõpuks ikka õige kursi.
14:06
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
325
834000
3000
Mu naine just lõpetas romaani kirjutamise,
14:09
and I think it's a great book,
326
837000
2000
ja ma arvan, et see on suurepärane raamat,
14:11
but she disappears for hours on end.
327
839000
3000
ning ta kaob pidevalt tundideks.
14:14
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
328
842000
2000
Teate seda ju isegi, et kui teete midagi mida armastate,
14:16
an hour feels like five minutes.
329
844000
3000
tundub tund viie minutina.
14:19
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
330
847000
2000
Kui teete aga midagi, mis ei toeta teie hinge,
14:21
five minutes feels like an hour.
331
849000
2000
tunduvad viis minutit tunnina.
14:23
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
332
851000
3000
Ja põhjus, miks nii paljud inimesed otsustavad haridusest loobuda
14:26
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
333
854000
2000
on, see, et see ei toida nende hinge,
14:28
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
334
856000
3000
see ei toida nende energiat ega kirge.
14:31
So I think we have to change metaphors.
335
859000
3000
Nii, et ma arvan, et meil on vaja muuta metafoore.
14:34
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
336
862000
3000
Me peame liikuma eemale haridusest, mis pärineb tööstuslikst mudelist,
14:37
a manufacturing model,
337
865000
2000
tootmismudelist,
14:39
which is based on linearity
338
867000
2000
mis põhineb sirgjoonelisusel
14:41
and conformity and batching people.
339
869000
3000
ja kuulekusel ning inimeste töötlemisel.
14:44
We have to move to a model
340
872000
2000
Me peame liikuma mudeli suunas,
14:46
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
341
874000
3000
mis põhineb rohkem põllumajanduslikel põhimõtetel.
14:49
We have to recognize that human flourishing
342
877000
3000
Me peame mõistma, et inimlik õitseng
14:52
is not a mechanical process;
343
880000
2000
ei ole mehaaniline vaid
14:54
it's an organic process.
344
882000
2000
orgaaniline protsess.
14:56
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
345
884000
3000
Ja ei saa ette prognoosida inimliku arengu tulemust;
14:59
All you can do, like a farmer,
346
887000
2000
kõik, mida me saame teha, just nagu farmerid.
15:01
is create the conditions under which
347
889000
2000
on luua tingimused, mille käigus
15:03
they will begin to flourish.
348
891000
2000
inimesed puhkevad õitsele.
15:05
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
349
893000
3000
Niisiis, kui me vaatleme hariduse reformimist ja selle muutmist,
15:08
it isn't like cloning a system.
350
896000
3000
siis näeme, et see ei ole nagu süsteemi kloonimine.
15:11
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
351
899000
2000
On olemas häid süsteeme nagu KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program).
15:13
There are many great models.
352
901000
2000
On olemas palju suurepäraseid mudeleid.
15:15
It's about customizing to your circumstances
353
903000
3000
Asi on kohandamises meie tingimustele,
15:18
and personalizing education
354
906000
2000
ja hariduse muutmises isikupärasemaks
15:20
to the people you're actually teaching.
355
908000
2000
täpselt nende inimeste jaoks, keda parasjagu õpetatakse.
15:22
And doing that, I think,
356
910000
2000
Ja seda tehes, ma arvan
15:24
is the answer to the future
357
912000
2000
on leitud ka vastus tuleviku jaoks,
15:26
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
358
914000
3000
sest asi ei ole uute lahenduste ümberarvestamises;
15:29
it's about creating a movement in education
359
917000
2000
asi on liikumise loomises hariduses,
15:31
in which people develop their own solutions,
360
919000
3000
mille raames inimesed ise arendavad omaenda lahendusi,
15:34
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
361
922000
3000
aga seda juba välispidise abiga, mis põhineb isikupärastatud õppekaval.
15:37
Now in this room,
362
925000
2000
Praegu, selles ruumis on
15:39
there are people who represent
363
927000
2000
inimesi, kel on
15:41
extraordinary resources in business,
364
929000
2000
erakordseid võimeid äris,
15:43
in multimedia, in the Internet.
365
931000
2000
multimeedias, internetis.
15:45
These technologies,
366
933000
2000
Need tehnoloogiad
15:47
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
367
935000
3000
kombineerituna õpetajate erakordsete annetega
15:50
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
368
938000
3000
loovad võimaluse revolutsiooniks hariduses.
15:53
And I urge you to get involved in it
369
941000
2000
Ja ma õhutan teid selles kaasa lööma,
15:55
because it's vital, not just to ourselves,
370
943000
2000
sest see on eluline, mitte ainult meile endile,
15:57
but to the future of our children.
371
945000
2000
vaid ka meie laste tulevikule.
15:59
But we have to change from the industrial model
372
947000
2000
Aga me peame muutuma tööstuslikult mudelilt
16:01
to an agricultural model,
373
949000
2000
põllumajanduslikule mudelile,
16:03
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
374
951000
3000
kus iga kool võib õitsele hakata juba homme.
16:06
That's where children experience life.
375
954000
2000
See on see, kus lapsed kogevad elu.
16:08
Or at home, if that's where they choose to be educated
376
956000
2000
Või kodudes, kui nad on otsustanud oma hariduse seal saada
16:10
with their families or their friends.
377
958000
2000
koos oma pere või sõpradega.
16:12
There's been a lot of talk about dreams
378
960000
2000
Palju on räägitud unistustest
16:14
over the course of this few days.
379
962000
3000
nende viimase paari päeva jooksul.
16:17
And I wanted to just very quickly ...
380
965000
2000
Ja ma tahaksin lihtsalt väga kiiresti -
16:19
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
381
967000
3000
Ma olin väga liigutatud Natalie Merchanti lauludest eile õhtul,
16:22
recovering old poems.
382
970000
2000
ta taaselustab vanu luuletusi.
16:24
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
383
972000
2000
Ma tahaksin teile lugeda kiiresti ühe väga lühikese luuletuse
16:26
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
384
974000
3000
W.B. Yeatsilt, keda osad teist võivad teada.
16:29
He wrote this to his love,
385
977000
2000
Ta kirjutas järgneva oma armastatule
16:31
Maud Gonne,
386
979000
2000
Maud Gonne'ile,
16:33
and he was bewailing the fact that
387
981000
3000
ja Yeats halas selle üle,
16:36
he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
388
984000
3000
et ta ei saa oma armsamale anda, mida ta neiule soovis.
16:39
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
389
987000
3000
Ja ta ütles: "Mul on midagi muud, mis ei pruugi olla Sinu jaoks."
16:42
He says this:
390
990000
2000
Yeates ütleb järgnevalt:
16:44
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
391
992000
3000
"Kui mul oleks taevaste jagu tikitud kangaid,
16:47
Enwrought with gold
392
995000
2000
sepistatud kulla
16:49
and silver light,
393
997000
2000
ja hõbeda valgusega,
16:51
The blue and the dim
394
999000
2000
Siniseid ja sumedaid
16:53
and the dark cloths
395
1001000
2000
ja tumedaid kangaid
16:55
Of night and light and the half-light,
396
1003000
3000
öölt ja valguselt ning pool-valguselt,
16:58
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
397
1006000
3000
Ma laotaksin need kangad Su jalge alla.
17:01
But I, being poor,
398
1009000
3000
Aga kuna ma olen vaene,
17:04
have only my dreams;
399
1012000
3000
on mul ainult mu unistused.
17:07
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
400
1015000
3000
Ma olen laotanud oma unistused Su jalge alla;
17:10
Tread softly
401
1018000
2000
Sammu pehmelt,
17:12
because you tread on my dreams."
402
1020000
3000
sest Sa jalutad mu unistustel."
17:15
And every day, everywhere,
403
1023000
3000
Ja iga päev, igalpool,
17:18
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
404
1026000
3000
laotavad meie lapsed oma unistused meie jalge alla.
17:21
And we should tread softly.
405
1029000
3000
Ja me peaksime sammuma pehmelt.
17:24
Thank you.
406
1032000
2000
Tänan teid.
17:26
(Applause)
407
1034000
17000
(Aplaus)
17:43
Thank you very much.
408
1051000
2000
Tänan teid väga.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com