TED2010
Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution!
Ser Ken Robinson: Ta’limda katta o’zgarishlar kerak
Filmed:
Readability: 3.4
9,209,583 views
O'zining zukko va quvnoq ruhda taqdim etilgan nutqida Ser Ken Robinson andozalashtirilgan maktab tizimidan individuallashtirilgan ta'limga o'tish, ya'ni bolalarning iqtidorlari ko'proq yuzaga chiqadigan sharotlarni yaratish haqida so'z yuritadi. Bu chiqish notiqning 2006 yildagi chiqishining davomidir.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I was here four years ago,
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Bu konferensiyada to’rt yil muqaddam ishtirok etganman.
00:15
and I remember, at the time,
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U vaqtlar ma’ruzalarni
00:17
that the talks weren't put online.
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Internetga joylashtirilmas edi.
00:20
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
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Ishtirokchilar DVD disklari bilan to’la qutini
00:24
a box set of DVDs,
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uylariga olib ketishardi.
00:26
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
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O’sha disklar, hoynahoy, hozir ham chang bosib yotgandir.
00:29
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
00:31
And actually, Chris called me
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Konferensiya tugagandan bir hafta o’tgach,
00:33
a week after I'd given my talk
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Kris menga telefon qilib:
00:35
and he said, "We're going to start putting them online.
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“Biz ma’ruzalarni Internetga joylashtirayapmiz,
00:37
Can we put yours online?" And I said, "Sure."
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siznikini ham qo'ysak bo’ladimi?”, dedi. Men aytdim: "Albatta".
00:40
And four years later,
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Va mana, oradan to’rt yil o’tgach
00:42
as I said, it's been seen by four ...
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o’sha videoni to’rt million marotaba tomosha…
00:44
Well, it's been downloaded four million times.
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yo’q, o’sha videoni to’rt million marotaba yuklab olishgan.
00:47
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
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Agar buni, aytaylik, 20 ga ko’paytirsak
00:50
to get the number of people who've seen it.
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mening chiqishimni tomosha qilganlar sonini kelib chiqadi.
00:52
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger
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Krisning aytishicha, mening ma’ruzalarimga
00:56
for videos of me.
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tashnalik holati yuzaga kelgan.
00:58
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
01:01
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
01:06
... don't you feel?
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… shunday emasmi?
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
01:12
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
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Menimcha, bularning hammasi mening yana bir marta kelishim
01:15
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
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uchun ishlatilgan bir nayrang edi, xolos. Mana, men shu yerda.
01:19
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
01:22
Al Gore spoke
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Albert Gor ham o‘sha, to’rt yil odingi
01:24
at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
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TED konferensiyasida ishtirok etib,
01:27
and talked about the climate crisis.
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atrof-muhit inqirozi gapirgan edi.
01:29
And I referenced that
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Men esa o’z chiqishimning oxirida uning
01:31
at the end of my last talk.
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fikrlarini eslatib o’tgandim.
01:33
So I want to pick up from there
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Bugun esa o’sha gapni davom ettirmoqchiman.
01:35
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
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Axir mening ixtiyorimda bor-yo’g’i 18 daqiqa bor edi.
01:38
So, as I was saying...
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Shunday qilib, boyagina aytib o’tganimdek…
01:40
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
01:48
You see, he's right.
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Albert Gor to’g’ri aytadi,
01:50
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
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biz yirik inqiroz qarshisida turibmiz. Shak-shubhasiz.
01:53
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
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Agar kim bunga ishonmasa, ko’chaga chiqib qarasin.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
01:59
But I believe there's a second climate crisis,
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Ammo, mening fikrimcha, biz yana bitta, undan ham
02:03
which is as severe,
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jiddiyroq ekologik inqirozning guvohi bo’lib turibmiz.
02:05
which has the same origins,
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Uning kelib chiqishi ham juda o’xshash,
02:08
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
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unga e’tibor qaratishimiz esa juda muhim.
02:11
And I mean by this --
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Men nimani nazarda tutayapman?
02:13
and you may say, by the way, "Look, I'm good.
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Oralaringizdan kimdir aytishi mumkin: “Qo’ysangiz-chi,
02:15
I have one climate crisis;
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bizga bitta inqiroz ham yetib ortadi,
02:17
I don't really need the second one."
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boshqasi kerakmas”, deb.
02:20
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
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Ammo, bu yerda tabiiy resurslar inqirozi emas,--
02:22
though I believe that's true --
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albatta u ham muhim--
02:25
but a crisis of human resources.
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balki inson resurslari inqirozi haqida gap ketmoqda.
02:27
I believe fundamentally,
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So’zga chiqqanlarning ko’pchiligi
02:29
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
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aytib o’tishganidek, biz o’zimizdagi iqtidorni
02:31
that we make very poor use
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yaxshi ishga sola olmaymiz.
02:34
of our talents.
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Bunga ishonchim komil.
02:37
Very many people go through their whole lives
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Ko’p hollarda kishilar hayotda shunday yashab o’tishadiki,
02:39
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
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biror nimada talant, qobiliyatlari
02:42
or if they have any to speak of.
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borligidan bexabar qolishadi.
02:44
I meet all kinds of people
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Hech narsada qobiliyatim yo’q, deb ta’kidlovchi
02:46
who don't think they're really good at anything.
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odamlarni o’zim shaxsan ko’p uchratganman.
02:50
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
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Men hozirda dunyoni ikkiga ajratadigan bo’lganman.
02:53
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
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Buyuk utilitarizm faylasufi Jeremi Bentam
02:56
once spiked this argument.
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o’z vaqtida bunday yondashuvni tanqid qilgan edi.
02:58
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
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U aytgan edi: “Dunyoda odamlar ikki toifaga
03:00
those who divide the world into two types
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bo’linadi: bir qism odamlar dunyoni ikki toifaga bo’lsa,
03:02
and those who do not."
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ikkinchi qism odamlar bunday qilishmaydi.”
03:04
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
03:09
Well, I do.
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Diqqat: “Men dunyoni ikkiga bo’laman”.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
03:16
I meet all kinds of people
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Turli xil odamlarni uchrataman: ular
03:18
who don't enjoy what they do.
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o’z kasblaridan mamnun emaslar.
03:21
They simply go through their lives
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Qay usul bilan bo’lsa-da,
03:23
getting on with it.
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o’z sharoitlariga moslashib olib, aslida bundan bahra olishmaydi.
03:25
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
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Ishni qalbdan his qilib emas,
03:27
They endure it rather than enjoy it
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balki qo’l uchida qilishadi;
03:30
and wait for the weekend.
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dam olish kuni qachon kelarkan, deb yurishadi.
03:33
But I also meet people
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Shu bilan birga, o’z ishini yurakdan sevib,
03:35
who love what they do
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hayotini usiz tasavvur qila olmaydigan
03:37
and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
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odamlarni ham bilaman.
03:39
If you said to them, "Don't do this anymore," they'd wonder what you were talking about.
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“Bu ishingizni tashlang”, deb aytib ko’ring ularga –
03:42
Because it isn't what they do, it's who they are. They say,
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– gapingizni tushunishni ham xohlashmaydi.
03:45
"But this is me, you know.
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“Ishimni to'xtatish xayolimga ham kelmaydi,
03:47
It would be foolish for me to abandon this, because
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chunki u mening qalbimga kirib borgan.
03:49
it speaks to my most authentic self."
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Bu mening o'zligim".
03:51
And it's not true of enough people.
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Faqatgina kamchilik odamlar o’zlari haqida bunday deb ayta oladilar.
03:54
In fact, on the contrary, I think
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Ko’pchilik uchun esa
03:56
it's still true of a minority of people.
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vaziyat umuman boshqacha.
03:58
I think there are many
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Menimcha, bu holatning mohiyatini
04:00
possible explanations for it.
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ochib beradigan birqancha sabablar bor.
04:02
And high among them
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Ulardan eng ko’p tilga olinadigani -
04:04
is education,
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ta’lim.
04:06
because education, in a way,
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Chunki ta’lim ko’pgina talabalarni
04:08
dislocates very many people
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ularning tug’ma qobiliyatlaridan
04:10
from their natural talents.
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ancha uzoqlashtiradi.
04:12
And human resources are like natural resources;
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Inson resurslari esa tabiiy boyliklarga o’xshaydi:
04:15
they're often buried deep.
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ular odatda ancha chuqur joylashgan bo'ladi.
04:17
You have to go looking for them,
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Qidirib topishingiz kerak bo'ladi.
04:19
they're not just lying around on the surface.
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Talant “mana men” deb o’zini ko’rsatmaydi.
04:21
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
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Talant yuzaga chiqishi uchun sharoit kerak.
04:24
And you might imagine
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Bir qaraganda, ta’lim tizimi
04:26
education would be the way that happens,
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ularni yuzaga chiqarish uchun xizmat qilayotgandek.
04:28
but too often it's not.
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Ammo, ko'pincha bunday emas.
04:30
Every education system in the world
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Dunyodagi har bitta ta’lim tizimi
04:32
is being reformed at the moment
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hozirda islohot bosqichida.
04:34
and it's not enough.
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Bu lekin yetarli emas.
04:36
Reform is no use anymore,
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Islohotlar samara bermay qo'ydi, chunki
04:38
because that's simply improving a broken model.
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ular ishlamaydigan modelni takomillashtirishga mo’ljallangan.
04:41
What we need --
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Bizga esa...
04:43
and the word's been used many times during the course of the past few days --
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to’g’ri, bu so’z konferensiyada ko’p qo’llanildi…
04:45
is not evolution,
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bizga ta’limdagi evolyutsia emas,
04:47
but a revolution in education.
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balki ta'limdagi revolyutsiya kerak.
04:50
This has to be transformed
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Unga butkul yangicha
04:52
into something else.
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shakl bermoq lozim.
04:54
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
05:00
One of the real challenges
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Eng murakkab vazifalardan biri
05:02
is to innovate fundamentally
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ta’limga fundamental o’zgarishlar
05:04
in education.
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kiritish hisoblanadi.
05:06
Innovation is hard
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Innovatsiya kiritish doimo qiyin bo’lgan.
05:08
because it means doing something
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Chunki bu ko’pchilik qabul qilishi amri mahol bo’lgan
05:10
that people don't find very easy, for the most part.
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narsani boshlash degani.
05:12
It means challenging what we take for granted,
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Bu degani shu paytgacha ravshan, isbot talab qilmaydigan
05:15
things that we think are obvious.
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narsalarni shubha ostiga qo’yish degani.
05:18
The great problem for reform
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Islohot yoki o’zgarishlarni o’tkazishda eng katta
05:20
or transformation
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muammolardan biri bu
05:22
is the tyranny of common sense;
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an’anaviy fikr tarzining ustinligidir.
05:24
things that people think,
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Bunda odamlar taxminan quyidagicha fikrlaydilar:
05:26
"Well, it can't be done any other way because that's the way it's done."
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“Boshqacha bo’lishi mumkin emas, bu ish har doim shunday qilib kelingan.”
05:28
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
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Men yaqinda Avraam Linkolnning quyidagi ajoyib so’zlarini o’qib qoldim…
05:31
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
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Buni sizlarga o’qib bersam u bundan xursand bo’ladi, deb o’ylayman.
05:34
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
05:36
He said this in December 1862
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Bu so’zlar 1862 yilning dekabrida,
05:39
to the second annual meeting of Congress.
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Kongressning ikkinchi yillik kengashida aytilgan.
05:43
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
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Ha, shuni ham aytib o’tishim kerakki, bu vaqtda mamlakatda nimalar bo’lib o’tgani haqida tasavvurim yo’q.
05:48
We don't teach American history in Britain.
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Chunki bizda, Buyuk Britaniyada, Amerika tarixini o’tilmaydi.
05:50
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
05:52
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
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Biz uni taqiqlaymiz –siyosatimiz shu.
05:55
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
05:58
So, no doubt, something fascinating was happening in December 1862,
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Ammo ishonchim komilki, 1862 yilning dekabrida qandaydir qiziqali voqealar bo’lib o’tgan.
06:00
which the Americans among us
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Bu haqda auditoriyamizning amerikalik
06:02
will be aware of.
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vakillariga yaxshi ma’lum bo’lsa kerak.
06:05
But he said this:
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Demak, Linkoln quyidagilarni aytgan edi:
06:07
"The dogmas
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“Osoyishta o’tmishda
06:09
of the quiet past
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ish bergan aqidalar
06:11
are inadequate to the stormy present.
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bugunning shiddatiga dosh bera olmaydi.
06:14
The occasion
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Bizning yuksak maqsadimiz
06:16
is piled high with difficulty,
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sari yo’l cheksiz mushkulliklar ichra o’tadi.
06:18
and we must rise with the occasion."
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Biz u bilan baravar balandlikda bo’lishimiz kerak.”
06:21
I love that.
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Menga mana shu qismi yoqadi:
06:23
Not rise to it, rise with it.
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balandlikka “ko’tarilish” emas, aynan “baravar” bo’lish.
06:27
"As our case is new,
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“Bizning ishimiz misli ko’rilmagan bo’lib,
06:29
so we must think anew
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o’ylarimiz va amallarimiz ham mislsiz
06:32
and act anew.
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bo’lmog’i darkor.
06:35
We must disenthrall ourselves,
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Qachonki odatiylik kishanidan xalos bo’lar ekanmiz,
06:38
and then we shall save our country."
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o’shandagina mamlakatni qutqara olamiz.”
06:41
I love that word, "disenthrall."
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“Odatiylik kishani” jumlasi menga alohida yoqib tushdi.
06:43
You know what it means?
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Bu nimani anglatadi, bilasizlarmi?
06:45
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
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Biz o’zimiz hech bir isbotsiz qabul qiladigan,
06:48
which we simply take for granted
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kunday ravshan deb biladigan
06:50
as the natural order of things, the way things are.
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g’oyalarga chulg’anib qolganmiz.
06:52
And many of our ideas
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Vaholanki, o’sha g’oyalarning ko’pi
06:54
have been formed, not to meet the circumstances of this century,
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bizning bugungi sharoitimizga mos bo’lmay,
06:57
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
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balki o’tgan asrlar muammolarini hal qilishga xizmat qilib kelgan.
07:00
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
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Ammo ular hali ham ongimizni kishanlab turibdi
07:02
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
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va bizning vazifamiz bu kishanlarning ayrimlaridan qutulishdir.
07:05
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
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Ammo, buni aytish osonu, qilish qiyin.
07:08
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted. (Laughter)
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Aynan qaysi g’oyalar isbot talab qilmasligini aniqlash juda mushkul ish. (Kulgi)
07:11
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
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Chunki biz u g’oyalarga qattiq ishonib qolganmiz.
07:14
So let me ask you something you may take for granted.
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Sizga isbot talab qilmaydigan biror narsa haqida savol bersam.
07:17
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
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Aytaylik, shu zalda yoshi 25 dan yuqori bo’lganlar qo’llarini ko’tarishsin.
07:20
That's not what I think you take for granted,
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Yo’q, bu narsa siz isbotsiz qabul qiladigan narsalar toifasidan emas.
07:22
I'm sure you're familiar with that already.
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Aminmanki, bu sizga ma’lum.
07:24
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
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Xo’sh, shu yerda yoshi 25 gacha bo’lganlar bormi?
07:27
Great. Now, those over 25,
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Yaxshi. Endi esa yoshi 25 dan yuqori bo’lganlar
07:30
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
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orasidan qo’l soati taqadiganlarni ko’rmoqchiman.
07:33
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
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Ko’pchilik ekanmiz, to’g’rimi?
07:36
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
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Shu savolni bir guruh o’smirlarga berib ko’ring.
07:39
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
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O’smirlar qo’l soatidan foydalanishmaydi.
07:41
I don't mean they can't or they're not allowed to,
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Ularga man qilingani yoki imkoni yo’qligidan emas,
07:43
they just often choose not to.
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balki shunchaki soat taqmaslikni afzal bilishadi.
07:45
And the reason is, you see, that we were brought up
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Gap shundaki, biz hammamiz – yoshi 25 dan yuqori
07:47
in a pre-digital culture, those of us over 25.
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bo’lgan insonlar raqamli asrdan oldingi davrda ulg’aydik.
07:50
And so for us, if you want to know the time
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Vaqtni bilish uchun soat
07:52
you have to wear something to tell it.
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taqishga o’rganib qoldik.
07:54
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
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Hozir esa bolalar raqamli asrda katta bo’lishmoqda
07:57
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
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a soat necha bo’lganini hammayog’dan bilib olaverishadi.
07:59
They see no reason to do this.
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Vaqtni bilish uchun biror narsa taqib yurishga ehtiyoj sezishmaydi.
08:01
And by the way, you don't need to do it either;
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Aslida sizda ham bunday ehtiyoj yo’q,
08:03
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
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ammo soatga o’rganib qolganingiz uchun hali ham taqasiz.
08:06
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
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Mening qizim Keyt – u 20 yoshda – qo’l soatidan mutlaqo foydalanmaydi.
08:09
She doesn't see the point.
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Unga bu narsaning nega kerakligini tushuntirish befoyda.
08:11
As she says, "It's a single function device."
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Aytadi: “Bu - yagona funksiyali apparat.”
08:14
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
08:19
"Like, how lame is that?"
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“Bu nima degan gap...”
08:22
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
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Men esa unga javoban: “Yo’q, yo’q, qara. Bugungi sanani ham ko’rsatyapti!”
08:24
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
08:29
"It has multiple functions."
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“U ko’pfunksiyali apparat.”
08:32
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
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Ta’limda biz aytib o’tgan o’sha “odatiylik kishanlari” mavjud.
08:35
Let me give you a couple of examples.
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Men hozir bir-ikkita misol keltiraman.
08:37
One of them is the idea of linearity:
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Birinchisi – liniyaviylik tushunchasi.
08:40
that it starts here and you go through a track
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Aytaylik, mana bu yer boshi,
08:43
and if you do everything right, you will end up
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va hamma narsa rejadagidek amalga oshsa, ikkinchi nuqtaga – yakunga yetib kelasiz
08:45
set for the rest of your life.
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va bunga butun umringizni sarflaysiz.
08:49
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
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Vaholanki, bizning konferensiyamizdagi har bitta chiqish,
08:51
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
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xoh bevosita, xoh va bilvosita bo’lsin, butkul boshqa fikrni tasdiqlamoqda:
08:54
that life is not linear; it's organic.
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hayot liniyaviy emas, balki organik hisoblanadi
08:57
We create our lives symbiotically
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Biz hayotimizni shunday simbiotik yo’l bilan izga solamizki,
08:59
as we explore our talents
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bunda qobiliyatlarimiz ularning o’zi
09:01
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
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yaratgan sharoitlarda rivoj topadi.
09:04
But, you know, we have become obsessed
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Ammo biz liniyaviy rivojlanishga
09:06
with this linear narrative.
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o’ta ko’nikib qolganmiz.
09:08
And probably the pinnacle for education
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Biz uchun ta’limning eng yuksak cho’qqisi
09:10
is getting you to college.
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bu universitetga kirish sanaladi.
09:12
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
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Aytgan bo’lardimki, universitetlarga, aniqrog’i, nufuzli universitetlarga
09:15
Certain sorts of college.
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kirish tushunchasiga mukkasidan ketganmiz.
09:17
I don't mean you shouldn't go to college, but not everybody needs to go
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O’qishga kirish noto’g’ri demoqchi emasman. Aytmoqchimanki, har kim ham
09:19
and not everybody needs to go now.
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oliy o’quv yurtiga kirishi shart emas va hamma ham hozirning o’zida kirishi shart emas.
09:21
Maybe they go later, not right away.
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Keyinroq ham kirish mumkin, aynan hozir emas.
09:23
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago
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Yaqinda San-Fransiskoda kitoblarimga imzo qo’yish marosimida
09:25
doing a book signing.
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yoshi 30 larda bo’lgan bir xaridor
09:27
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
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kelib o’zini tanishtirdi.
09:29
And I said, "What do you do?"
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“Nima bilan shug’ullanasiz?”, deb so’radim men.
09:31
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
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“O’t o’chiruvchiman.”
09:34
And I said, "How long have you been a fireman?"
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“Qachondan beri?”
09:36
He said, "Always. I've always been a fireman."
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“Men doim o’t o’chiruvchi bo’lib kelganman.”
09:38
And I said, "Well, when did you decide?"
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Shunda men yana so’radim: “Qachon shu qarorga kelgansiz?”
09:40
He said, "As a kid." He said, "Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
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“Bolaligimda.” U davom etdi: “Aslida mening bu qarorim maktabda
09:43
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
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ayrim muammolarga sabab bo’lgandi. Chunki maktabda hamma o’t o’chiruvchi bo’lishni orzu qilardi.
09:46
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
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Lekin men rostdan ham o’t o’chiruvchi bo’lmoqchi edim.
09:49
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
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Yuqori sinflarga o’tganimda o’qituvchilarim meni
09:52
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
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umuman jiddiy qabul qilishmasdi.
09:55
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
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Ayniqsa, bitta o’qituvchim.
09:57
He said I was throwing my life away
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U menga bu qarorni qabul qilsam,
09:59
if that's all I chose to do with it;
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butun umrimni behudaga sarflashim,
10:01
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
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uning o’rniga universitetga kirib biron soha mutaxassisi bo’lishim kerakligini aytardi.
10:04
that I had great potential
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Men o’z salohiyatimni, talantimni
10:06
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
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ko’kka sovurayotgan emishman.”
10:08
And he said, "It was humiliating because
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Suhbatdoshim davom etdi: “Buni ayniqsa butun sinf oldida eshitish
10:10
he said it in front of the whole class and I really felt dreadful.
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menga yoqmasdi, o’zimni juda noqulay sezardim.
10:12
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
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Rostdan ham shu kasbni egalamoqchi bo’lganim uchun maktabni bitiriboq,
10:14
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted."
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o’t o’chirish xizmatiga ariza topshirdim va meni qabul qilishdi.”
10:17
And he said, "You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
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U davom etardi: “Bir necha daqiqa oldin, siz nutq so’zlayotgan paytingizda
10:19
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,"
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o’sha o’qituvchimni esga olib turgandim.
10:22
he said, "because six months ago,
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Sababi, olti oy muqaddam men uning
10:24
I saved his life."
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hayotini saqlab qoldim.”
10:26
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
10:28
He said, "He was in a car wreck,
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“Avtohalokat sodir bo’lgan edi.
10:30
and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
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Men o’sha o’qituvchimni mashinadan chiqarib oldim, sun’iy nafas oldirdim.
10:33
and I saved his wife's life as well."
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Halokat joyida xotinini ham qutqarib qoldim.
10:36
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
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Menimcha, shundan keyin o’qituvchimning men haqimdagi fikri biroz o’zgardi.”
10:38
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
10:40
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
10:46
You know, to me,
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Fikrimcha, har qanday jamiyat
10:48
human communities depend upon
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iqtidorlar xilma-xilligiga muhtoj,
10:50
a diversity of talent,
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qobiliyat haqidagi
10:52
not a singular conception of ability.
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yakka tushunchaga emas.
10:55
And at the heart of our challenges --
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Bizning bosh vazifamiz esa…
10:57
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
10:59
At the heart of the challenge
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oldimizda turgan asosiy vazifa esa
11:01
is to reconstitute our sense of ability
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iqtidor va zakovat tuyg’usini
11:03
and of intelligence.
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qayta shakllantirishdir.
11:05
This linearity thing is a problem.
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Bitta muammo – liniyaviylik, bu haqda gapirib o’tdik.
11:07
When I arrived in L.A.
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Bundan 9 yil muqaddam Los-Anjelesga
11:09
about nine years ago,
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oilaviy ko’chib o’tganimizda
11:11
I came across a policy statement --
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bir yaxshigina tamoyillar deklaratsiyasiga ko’zim tushdi.
11:14
very well-intentioned --
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U mana bunday so’zlar bulan boshlanardi:
11:16
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
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“Universitet bog’cha ostonasidan boshlanadi”.
11:21
No, it doesn't.
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Kechirasiz-u, bu noto’g’ri.
11:23
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
11:26
It doesn't.
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Bo’lishi mumkin emas.
11:28
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
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Bu haqda batafsilroq to’xtalgan bo’lardim-u, ammo vaqtimiz yetmaydi.
11:31
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
11:33
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
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Bog’cha ostonasida bog’cha boshlanadi.
11:35
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
11:37
A friend of mine once said,
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Mening bir do’stim aytgandi:
11:39
"You know, a three year-old is not half a six year-old."
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“Uch yoshli bola olti yosharning yarmi degani emas”.
11:42
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
11:44
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
11:49
They're three.
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U uch yashar, xolos.
11:51
But as we just heard in this last session,
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Hozirgina qilingan nutqda
11:53
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
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biz bolalar bog’chasiga,
11:56
to get to the right kindergarten --
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yaxshi bog’chaga bolani joylashtirish uchun qanday
11:58
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
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jiddiy raqobat ketayotgani haqida eshitdik.
12:03
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
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Tasavvur qiling, uch yashar bola komissiya qarshisida o’tiribdi.
12:05
you know, with their resumes,
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Qattiqqo’l komissiya vakillari uning anketasini varaqlashayapti.
12:07
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
12:10
flipping through and saying, "Well, this is it?"
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“Bor-yo’g’i shumi?”
12:12
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
12:14
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
12:17
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
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“Uch yoshga to’libsan-u, shumi qilgan ishlaring?”
12:20
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
12:27
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
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“Hech narsaga erishmabsan, bola.”
12:30
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, the way I can see it."
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“Dastlabki 6 oyni sut emish bilan o’tkazibsan, shu xolos!”
12:33
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
12:38
See, it's outrageous as a conception, but it [unclear].
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Mana shunaqa bo’lmag’ur ishlar sodir bo’layapti.
12:41
The other big issue is conformity.
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Ikkinchi katta muammo - birxillik.
12:43
We have built our education systems
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Ta’lim tizimini biz fastfud oshxonasi
12:45
on the model of fast food.
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modeliga asosanib tuzganmiz.
12:47
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
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Bu haqda yaqinda Jeymi Oliver gapirib o’tdi.
12:50
You know there are two models of quality assurance in catering.
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Umumiy ovqatlanish sohasida sifat kafolatining ikki xil modeli bor.
12:52
One is fast food,
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Birinchisi - hamma narsa
12:54
where everything is standardized.
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andozalashtirilgan fastfud.
12:56
The other are things like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
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Ikkinchisiga Zagat yoki Michelin misol bo’la oladi.
12:58
where everything is not standardized,
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Bu tizimlar andozalashtirilmagan, balki
13:00
they're customized to local circumstances.
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mahalliy talablarga moslashtirilgan.
13:02
And we have sold ourselves into a fast food model of education,
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mahalliy talablarga moslashtirilgan.
13:05
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
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Bu narsa ruhimiz va aqliy quvvatimizni qashshoqlashtirmoqda.
13:08
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
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Xuddi fastfud tanamizga putur yetkazganidek.
13:11
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
13:17
I think we have to recognize a couple of things here.
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Siz bilan avvalo bir narsani tushunib olaylik.
13:19
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
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Birinchidan, inson talanti g’oyat turli-tuman.
13:22
People have very different aptitudes.
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Har bitta odamning o’ziga yarasha qandaydir qobiliyati bor.
13:24
I worked out recently that
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Yaqinda bir narsani angladim:
13:26
I was given a guitar as a kid
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Bolaligimda menga gitara sovg’a qilishgan vaqt
13:28
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
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Erik Klapton o’zining birinchi gitarasini qo’lga olgan paytga to’g’ri kelar ekan.
13:32
You know, it worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
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Bu narsaning Erikka foydasi tegdi. Shuni ayytmoqchiman, xolos.
13:35
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
13:37
In a way, it did not for me.
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Menga esa ish bermadi.
13:39
I could not get this thing to work
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Qanchalik urinmayin, cholg’udan hech bir
13:42
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
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eshitgulik sado chiqara olmadim.
13:44
(Laughter) It just wouldn't work.
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(Kulgi)
13:49
But it's not only about that.
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U qildim, bu qildim – bo’lmadi.
13:51
It's about passion.
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Chunki, hamma gap ishtiyoqda.
13:53
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
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Odatda bizni kam qiziqtiradigan narsalarni yaxshi uddalaymiz.
13:55
It's about passion,
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Aytmoqchi bo’lganim -
13:57
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
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ruh va quvvatni yuzaga chiqaruvchi ishtiyoq.
14:00
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
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Agar sevgan ishingiz bilan shug’ullansangiz, uning yaxshi uddasidan chiqsangiz,
14:03
time takes a different course entirely.
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vaqtingizni butkul boshqacha o’tkazasiz.
14:06
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
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Rafiqam yaqindagina bir roman yozib tugatdi.
14:09
and I think it's a great book,
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Uning asari ajoyib chiqdi,
14:11
but she disappears for hours on end.
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ammo uni yozish uchun odatda bir necha soat yo’q bo’lib ketardi.
14:14
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
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O’zingiz bilasiz – yoqtirgan ishingizni qilayotganingizda
14:16
an hour feels like five minutes.
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soatlar daqiqadek o’tib ketadi.
14:19
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
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Lekin qalbingizda aks topmagan narsalarni qilganingizda
14:21
five minutes feels like an hour.
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besh daqiqa bir soatdek tuyuladi.
14:23
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
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Ko’pchilik ta’limni tashlab ketishiga sabab shuki,
14:26
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
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Ko’pchilik ta’limni tashlab ketishiga sabab shuki,
14:28
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
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kuch-quvvat va ishtiyoq bag’ishlamaydi.
14:31
So I think we have to change metaphors.
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Majoziy ma’noda gapiradigan bo’lsak, ta’limning
14:34
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
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sanoatga asoslangan modelidan,
14:37
a manufacturing model,
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ishlab chiqarishga, liniyaviylikka,
14:39
which is based on linearity
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bir xillikka asoslangan modelidan
14:41
and conformity and batching people.
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voz kechishimiz darkor.
14:44
We have to move to a model
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Aslida dehqonchilik tamoyillariga asoslangan
14:46
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
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model tomon harakatlanishimiz lozim.
14:49
We have to recognize that human flourishing
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Bir narsani tan olaylik:
14:52
is not a mechanical process;
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insonning rivojlanishi mexanik emas,
14:54
it's an organic process.
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ko’proq organik jarayondir.
14:56
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
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Har bitta shaxs rivojining natijasini oldindan ayta olmaymiz;
14:59
All you can do, like a farmer,
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biz faqat uning o’sishi uchun
15:01
is create the conditions under which
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shart-sharit yaratib bera olamiz –
15:03
they will begin to flourish.
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xuddi dehqonchilikda bo’lgani singari.
15:05
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
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Demak, ta’lim islohoti, uni shaklan yangilash
15:08
it isn't like cloning a system.
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bu mavjud tizimlarni klonlashtirish emas ekan.
15:11
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
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Ajoyib tizimlar ham yo’q emas, masalan, KIPP.
15:13
There are many great models.
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Boshqalari ham bor.
15:15
It's about customizing to your circumstances
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Ammo bizning maqsadimiz sharoitlarga moslashish,
15:18
and personalizing education
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ta’limni o’quvchining shaxsiy talablariga
15:20
to the people you're actually teaching.
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mos ravishda inidividuallashtirisdir.
15:22
And doing that, I think,
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Bu ishlar, nazarimda, kelajakdagi
15:24
is the answer to the future
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vazifalarimizga mos keladi.
15:26
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
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Biz mavjud yechimlarni takomillashtirish va kengaytirish emas,
15:29
it's about creating a movement in education
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balki har bir kishi o’z shaxsiy yechimini topa oladigan,
15:31
in which people develop their own solutions,
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shu bilan birga, individual dastur tamoyillariga asoslangan tashqi yordamdan
15:34
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
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foydalana oladigan ta’lim sohasi yo’nalishini yaratish haqida gapirmoqdamiz.
15:37
Now in this room,
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Ushbu zalda biznes,
15:39
there are people who represent
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multimedia va Internetdagi
15:41
extraordinary resources in business,
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favqulodda noyob manbalar
15:43
in multimedia, in the Internet.
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vakillari to’planishgan.
15:45
These technologies,
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Bu texnologiyalar hamda ularni boshqaradigan
15:47
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
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yuksak iqtidorli murabbiylar ta’lim tizimidagi
15:50
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
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transformatsiya uchun munosib sharoit yaratadilar.
15:53
And I urge you to get involved in it
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Va men sizlarni shu jarayonda ishtirok etishga chorlamoqchiman.
15:55
because it's vital, not just to ourselves,
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Bu nafaqat o’zimiz, balki bolalarimiz kelajagi
15:57
but to the future of our children.
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uchun ham juda muhimdir.
15:59
But we have to change from the industrial model
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Ammo buning uchun industrial modelni
16:01
to an agricultural model,
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dehqonchilik modeliga aylantirishimiz kerak,
16:03
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
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toki ertaga har bitta maktab taraqqiy topsin.
16:06
That's where children experience life.
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U yerda bolalar chinakam hayotni his qilsin.
16:08
Or at home, if that's where they choose to be educated
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Yoki, kerak bo’lsa, o’z uylarida – oila a‘zolari va
16:10
with their families or their friends.
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do’stlari yonida samarali ta’lim olishsin.
16:12
There's been a lot of talk about dreams
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Keyingi bir necha kun ichida biz siz bilan
16:14
over the course of this few days.
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orzu-istaklar haqida ko’p yaxshi so’zlar eshitdik.
16:17
And I wanted to just very quickly ...
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Shu fursatdan foydalanib men ham, qisqacha...
16:19
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
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Kuni kecha men Natali Merchantning qo’shiqlari,
16:22
recovering old poems.
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eski dostonlarning aranjirovkasidan ancha ta’sirlandim.
16:24
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
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Men sizga U.B. Yeytsning she’riyatidan
16:26
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
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bir parcha o’qib bermoqchiman. Uning nomi sizlarga, ehtimol, tanishdir.
16:29
He wrote this to his love,
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O’z sevgilisi Mod Gonnga atab yozgan
16:31
Maud Gonne,
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bu misralarida shoir
16:33
and he was bewailing the fact that
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o’zining nochrligi, ma’shuqasi kutgan narsalarni
16:36
he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
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unga bera olmaslidan kuyunadi.
16:39
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
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U yozadi: “Menda boshqa narsalar bor, ammo ular senga keraksiz bo’lishi mumkin”.
16:42
He says this:
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Mana o’sha misralar:
16:44
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
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“Bo’lsa edi menda shunday bir mato:
16:47
Enwrought with gold
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Zarrin quyosh nuridan to’qilgan,
16:49
and silver light,
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Kumush oy nuriga yo’g’rilgan.
16:51
The blue and the dim
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Unda ham shafaq,
16:53
and the dark cloths
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ham tong jilolari
16:55
Of night and light and the half-light,
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mujassam.
16:58
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
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Shu matoni yo’lingga poyandoz qilsam...
17:01
But I, being poor,
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Aytgin, qashshoqning nimasi bor?
17:04
have only my dreams;
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Orzui va istagi bor. Shu, xolos.
17:07
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
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O’tinaman sendan, ohista oyoq bos.
17:10
Tread softly
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Chunki
17:12
because you tread on my dreams."
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bu mening orzularim.
17:15
And every day, everywhere,
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Har kuni, har lahza farzandlarimiz katta umidlar bilan
17:18
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
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o’z orzularini oyoqlarimiz ostiga yoyadilar. Bu poyandoz ustiga
17:21
And we should tread softly.
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ohista qadam qo’yaylik.
17:24
Thank you.
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Rahmat.
17:26
(Applause)
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(Olqishlar)
17:43
Thank you very much.
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Tashakkur.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com