TED2010
Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution!
Sir Ken Robinson: Hezkuntzaren iraultza has dezagun!
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2006-an emandako hitzaldi ospetsuari jarraipen emanez, era hunkigarri eta barregarrian, Sir Ken Robinsonek oinarrizko aldaketa bat proposatzen du, estandarizatutako eskoletatik pertsonalizatutako hezkuntzara --- haurren berezko talentuak loratu ahal daitezen baldintzak sortuz.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I was here four years ago,
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Hemen izan nintzen duela lau urte,
00:15
and I remember, at the time,
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eta gogoan dut garai hartan
00:17
that the talks weren't put online.
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hitzaldiak ez zirela sareratzen;
00:20
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
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Uste dut TED- tarrei kaxa batean ematen zitzaizkiela,
00:24
a box set of DVDs,
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DVD bilduma- kaxa batean,
00:26
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
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apal batean uzteko, eta han jarraitzen dute oraindik
00:29
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
00:31
And actually, Chris called me
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Nire hitzaldia eman eta astebetera
00:33
a week after I'd given my talk
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Chris- ek deitu zidan
00:35
and he said, "We're going to start putting them online.
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Eta esan zidan " Hitzaldiak sareratzera goaz.
00:37
Can we put yours online?" And I said, "Sure."
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Zurea sarera al dezakegu?" " Noski" erantzun nion.
00:40
And four years later,
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Eta lau urte beranduago,
00:42
as I said, it's been seen by four ...
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nion bezela, ikusi dute lau...
00:44
Well, it's been downloaded four million times.
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Tira, jeitsi dute lau milioi aldiz
00:47
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
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Beraz, kopuru hori hogei aldiz biderka dezakezuela suposatzen dut
00:50
to get the number of people who've seen it.
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ikusi dutenen kopurua lortzeko.
00:52
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger
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Eta Chris-ek dionez,
00:56
for videos of me.
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nire bideo-gosea dago.
00:58
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
01:01
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
01:06
... don't you feel?
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... Ez al duzue sentitzen?
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
01:12
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
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Beraz, guzti hau asko landutako sarrera bat izan da
01:15
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
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zuentzako beste hitzaldi bat prestatzeko aukera izan nezan, beraz hemen dago.
01:19
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
01:22
Al Gore spoke
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Al Gorek hitzegin zuen
01:24
at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
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duela lau urte nik parte hartutako TED Konferentzian
01:27
and talked about the climate crisis.
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eta klima-krisialdiaz hitzegin zuen.
01:29
And I referenced that
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Eta horri erreferentzia egin nion
01:31
at the end of my last talk.
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nire azken hitzaldiaren amaieran.
01:33
So I want to pick up from there
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Hortxe hartu nahi nuke berriro haria
01:35
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
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18 minutu besterik ez bait ditut.
01:38
So, as I was saying...
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Beraz, esaten nuen bezela....
01:40
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
01:48
You see, he's right.
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Berak arrazoi du.
01:50
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
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Hau da, begibistakoa da klima-krisialdi itzela dagoela.
01:53
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
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Eta hori sinisten ez duenak gehiago irten beharko luke kalera.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
01:59
But I believe there's a second climate crisis,
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Baina uste dut bigarren klima-krisialdi bat ere badela,
02:03
which is as severe,
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aurrekoa bezain larria,
02:05
which has the same origins,
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sustrai berdinak dituena,
02:08
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
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eta urgentzia berdinarekin aurre egin beharrekoa.
02:11
And I mean by this --
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Eta honekin zera esan nahi dut----
02:13
and you may say, by the way, "Look, I'm good.
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bide batez, zuen esan dezakezue- "Tira, ongi nago.
02:15
I have one climate crisis;
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Badut klima-krisialdi bat;
02:17
I don't really need the second one."
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ez dut bigarrena ezertarako behar."
02:20
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
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baina krisialdi hau ez da baliabide naturalei buruzkoa
02:22
though I believe that's true --
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nahiz eta hori ere benetazkoa den,
02:25
but a crisis of human resources.
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giza-baliabideei buruzkoa baizik.
02:27
I believe fundamentally,
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Funtsean, konbentzituta nago,
02:29
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
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azken egunotan hizlari askok esan duten bezela
02:31
that we make very poor use
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gure talentuen
02:34
of our talents.
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erabilera oso eskasa egiten dugula.
02:37
Very many people go through their whole lives
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Pertsona askok bere bizitza guztia iragaten dute
02:39
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
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beraien talentuak zein izan daitezkeen ohartu gabe,
02:42
or if they have any to speak of.
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batenbat ba ote duten jakin gabe.
02:44
I meet all kinds of people
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Ezertan onak ez direla pentsatzen duten
02:46
who don't think they're really good at anything.
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pertsona askorekin egiten dut topo.
02:50
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
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Benetan, mundua bi taldetan zatitzen dut gaur egun.
02:53
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
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Jeremy Bentham-ek, filosofo utilitario handiak,
02:56
once spiked this argument.
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behin punta atera zion argudio honi.
02:58
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
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Esan zuen, " Bi pertsona mota daude mundu honetan,
03:00
those who divide the world into two types
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mundua bi motatan bereizten dutenak
03:02
and those who do not."
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eta bereizketa hori egiten ez dutenak."
03:04
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
03:09
Well, I do.
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Tira, nik egiten dut.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
03:16
I meet all kinds of people
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Egiten dutena gogoko ez duten
03:18
who don't enjoy what they do.
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pertsona askorekin egiten dut topo.
03:21
They simply go through their lives
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Soilik bere bizitza pasatzen dute
03:23
getting on with it.
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nola hala moldatzen.
03:25
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
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Ez dute egiten dutenetik plazerrik lortzen.
03:27
They endure it rather than enjoy it
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Jasan egiten dute, gozatu baino gehiago,
03:30
and wait for the weekend.
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eta asteburua iritsi zai egoten dira.
03:33
But I also meet people
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Baina egiten duena maite
03:35
who love what they do
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duen jendearekin ere egiten dut topo
03:37
and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
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bere burua beste ezertan imagina ez dezaketenekin.
03:39
If you said to them, "Don't do this anymore," they'd wonder what you were talking about.
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"Ez egin hau gehiago" esango bazenieke, zertaz hizketan ari zaren galdetuko liokete bere buruari
03:42
Because it isn't what they do, it's who they are. They say,
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Ez delako zer egiten duten, zein diren baizik. Esaten dute
03:45
"But this is me, you know.
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" Baina hau da ni naizena, badakizu.
03:47
It would be foolish for me to abandon this, because
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Lelokeria litzateke hau bertan behera uztea,
03:49
it speaks to my most authentic self."
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nire nortasunaren alderdi autentikoena isladatzen bait du."
03:51
And it's not true of enough people.
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Eta hau ez da horrela nahikoa jenderentzat..
03:54
In fact, on the contrary, I think
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Alderatziz, uste dut
03:56
it's still true of a minority of people.
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benetan jendearen gutxiengo bat dela..
03:58
I think there are many
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Eta uste dut errealitate horrek
04:00
possible explanations for it.
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azalpen posible asko dituela.
04:02
And high among them
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Eta beraien artean nagusiki
04:04
is education,
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hezkuntza dago,
04:06
because education, in a way,
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hezkuntzak, nola hala,
04:08
dislocates very many people
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jende asko dislokatzen bait du
04:10
from their natural talents.
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bere talentu naturaletatik
04:12
And human resources are like natural resources;
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Eta giza-baliabideak baliabide naturalak bezalakoak dira;
04:15
they're often buried deep.
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askotan oso sakon lurperatuta daude
04:17
You have to go looking for them,
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Eta beraien bila joan behar zara.
04:19
they're not just lying around on the surface.
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Ez daude azaleran kokaturik.
04:21
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
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Eta azaleratu ahal izateko baldintzak sortu behar dituzu.
04:24
And you might imagine
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Eta imagina dezakezue
04:26
education would be the way that happens,
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hezkuntza izan daitekeela hori gauzatzeko bidea.
04:28
but too often it's not.
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Baina sarriegitan, ez da horrela.
04:30
Every education system in the world
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Munduko hezkuntza-sistema guztiak
04:32
is being reformed at the moment
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erreforma bat jasaten ari dira momentu honetan.
04:34
and it's not enough.
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Eta ez da nahikoa.
04:36
Reform is no use anymore,
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Erreformak dagoeneko ez du balio,
04:38
because that's simply improving a broken model.
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apurtuta dagoen eredu bat hobetzea baino ez delako.
04:41
What we need --
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Behar duguna da---
04:43
and the word's been used many times during the course of the past few days --
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eta hitz hau azken egunotan sarri erabilia izan da----
04:45
is not evolution,
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ez da eboluzioa
04:47
but a revolution in education.
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baizik eta hezkuntza- erreboluzioa.
04:50
This has to be transformed
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Eraldakuntza bat jasan behar du
04:52
into something else.
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beste zerbait izateko.
04:54
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
05:00
One of the real challenges
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Erronka nagusienetako bat
05:02
is to innovate fundamentally
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hezkuntzan funtsezko berrikuntza
05:04
in education.
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bat egitea da.
05:06
Innovation is hard
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Berrikuntza zaila da
05:08
because it means doing something
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oinarrian jendeari erreza ez zaion
05:10
that people don't find very easy, for the most part.
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zerbait egitea suposatzen bait du.
05:12
It means challenging what we take for granted,
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Jakintzat jotzen duguna, nabarmena iruditzen zaiguna,
05:15
things that we think are obvious.
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desafiatzea suposatzen du.
05:18
The great problem for reform
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Erreforma eta eraldakuntzarako
05:20
or transformation
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oztopo nagusia
05:22
is the tyranny of common sense;
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zuhurtziaren tirania da--
05:24
things that people think,
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jendeak uste dituen gauzak,
05:26
"Well, it can't be done any other way because that's the way it's done."
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" Tira, ezin da beste inola egin, horrela egiten delako"
05:28
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
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Duela gutxi Abraham Lincoln-en hitz batzuekin egin nuen topo,
05:31
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
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, eta pentsatu nuen atsegin izango zenutela aipatzea.
05:34
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
05:36
He said this in December 1862
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1862ko Abenduan esan zuen
05:39
to the second annual meeting of Congress.
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Kongresuaren 2. urteroko bileran.
05:43
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
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Garai hartan gertatzen zenari buruzko idearik ez daukadala onartu behar dut.
05:48
We don't teach American history in Britain.
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Ez dugu Amerikar Historiarik irakasten Britainia Handian.
05:50
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
05:52
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
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Kendu egin dugu. Badakizue, hori da gure politika.
05:55
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
05:58
So, no doubt, something fascinating was happening in December 1862,
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Beraz, zalantzarik gabe, zerbait erakargarria gertatzen ari zen 1862ko Abenduan
06:00
which the Americans among us
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gure artean dauden Amerikarrek
06:02
will be aware of.
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ezagutuko dutena.
06:05
But he said this:
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Berak hau esan zuen:
06:07
"The dogmas
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"Iragan lasaiaren
06:09
of the quiet past
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dogmak
06:11
are inadequate to the stormy present.
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ez dira egokiak ekaitzez betetako orainarentzat.
06:14
The occasion
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Une hau
06:16
is piled high with difficulty,
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zailtasunez josia dago
06:18
and we must rise with the occasion."
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baina gertakariekin gora egin behar dugu."
06:21
I love that.
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Asko gustatzen zait.
06:23
Not rise to it, rise with it.
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Ez dauden tokira igo, beraiekin gora egin.
06:27
"As our case is new,
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"Eta gure egoera berria da,
06:29
so we must think anew
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beraz era berri batean pentsatu behar dugu
06:32
and act anew.
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eta era berri batean jokatu.
06:35
We must disenthrall ourselves,
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gure buruari lilura galduarazi behar diogu
06:38
and then we shall save our country."
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eta orduan gure herria salbatzeko gai izango gara."
06:41
I love that word, "disenthrall."
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Asko gustatzen zait " lilura galdu"
06:43
You know what it means?
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Badakizue zer esan nahi duen?
06:45
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
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Zenbait ideiek erabat liluratuta gauzkate
06:48
which we simply take for granted
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eta ontzat hartzen ditugu
06:50
as the natural order of things, the way things are.
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gauzen ordena naturala balira bezala, gauzak diren era.
06:52
And many of our ideas
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Eta gure ideietatik asko
06:54
have been formed, not to meet the circumstances of this century,
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eratu ziren, ez mende hontako egoerei aurre egiteko,
06:57
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
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baizik eta aurreko mendeetako egoerei aurre egiteko.
07:00
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
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Baina gure burua oraindik hipnotizatuta daukate.
07:02
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
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Eta gure burua lilura galtzera behartu behar dugu.
07:05
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
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Orain, hau errazagoa da esatea egitea baino.
07:08
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted. (Laughter)
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Oso zaila bait da jakintzat zer jotzen duzun ikustea,
07:11
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
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jakintzat jotzen duzulako.
07:14
So let me ask you something you may take for granted.
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Utzidazue begibistakotzat jotzen duzuen zerbaiti buruz galdetzen.
07:17
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
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Zuetatik zenbatek dituzue 25 urte baino gehiago?
07:20
That's not what I think you take for granted,
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Ez dut uste hori jakintzat jotzen duzuenik.
07:22
I'm sure you're familiar with that already.
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Ziur nago jadanik erabat ezaguna zaizuela.
07:24
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
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Badago hemen 25 urte baino gutxiago duen norbait.?
07:27
Great. Now, those over 25,
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Primeran. Orain 25 urte baino gehiago dituzuenok
07:30
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
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jasoko zenukete eskua ordularia badaramazue.?
07:33
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
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Tira, gehiengoa gara, ezta.?
07:36
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
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Galdetu horixe bera nerabeez betetako gela batean.
07:39
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
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Nerabeek ez dute ordularirik erabiltzen.
07:41
I don't mean they can't or they're not allowed to,
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Ez diot ezin dutenik edo uzten ez zaienik,
07:43
they just often choose not to.
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ez erabiltzea erabakitzen dute soilik.
07:45
And the reason is, you see, that we were brought up
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Eta arrazoia zera da, 25 urtetik gorakoak
07:47
in a pre-digital culture, those of us over 25.
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kultura pre-digital batean hazi ginen.
07:50
And so for us, if you want to know the time
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Guretzat, ordua jakin nahi ezkero,
07:52
you have to wear something to tell it.
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ordua esaten zizun zerbait eraman behar zenuen.
07:54
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
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Gaur egungo haurrak mundu digitalizatu batean bizi dira
07:57
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
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eta ordua, beraientzako, toki guztitan dago.
07:59
They see no reason to do this.
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Ez dute hau egiteko arrazoirik ikusten.
08:01
And by the way, you don't need to do it either;
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Eta, era berean, zuek ere ez duzue hori egin beharrik;
08:03
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
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soilik horrela egin izan duzue beti, eta hori egiten jarraitzen duzue.
08:06
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
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Nire alabak ez du sekula ordularirik erabiltzen, 20 urte dituen nire alaba Kate-ek.
08:09
She doesn't see the point.
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Ez dio inolako zentzurik topatzen.
08:11
As she says, "It's a single function device."
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Eta esaten du "Funtzio bakarra duen aparatua da".
08:14
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
08:19
"Like, how lame is that?"
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" Zeinen mugatua da hori?"
08:22
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
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Eta nik diot " Ez, ez, data jakiteko ere balio du"
08:24
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
08:29
"It has multiple functions."
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" Funtzio anitzak ditu".
08:32
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
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Hezkuntzari dagokionez, zenbait gauzak liluratuta gauzkate.
08:35
Let me give you a couple of examples.
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Utzidazue adibide pare bat jartzen.
08:37
One of them is the idea of linearity:
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Bata, lineartasunaren kontzeptua da,
08:40
that it starts here and you go through a track
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hemen hasten zara, bide bat jarraitzen duzu,
08:43
and if you do everything right, you will end up
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eta dena ondo egiten baduzu, amaieran
08:45
set for the rest of your life.
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zuri bizitza guztirako prestatuta zaude.
08:49
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
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TED-n hizketa egin duten guztiek, inplizituki
08:51
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
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eta batzutan esplizituki, era desberdinetan kontatu digute
08:54
that life is not linear; it's organic.
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bizitza ez dela lineala, organikoa dela.
08:57
We create our lives symbiotically
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Gure bizitzak sinbiotikoki eratzen ditugu
08:59
as we explore our talents
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gure talentuak esploratzen goazen neurrian
09:01
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
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gure sormenari laguntzen dioten zirkunstantziekin harremanetan.
09:04
But, you know, we have become obsessed
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Baina badakizue, obsesionatu egin gara
09:06
with this linear narrative.
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narratiba lineal horrekin.
09:08
And probably the pinnacle for education
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Eta ziurrenik hezkuntzaren gailurra
09:10
is getting you to college.
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Unibertsitatera iristea da.
09:12
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
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Eta uste dut jendea unibertsitatera bidaltzearekin obsesionatuta gaudela,
09:15
Certain sorts of college.
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zenbait unibertsitate mota.
09:17
I don't mean you shouldn't go to college, but not everybody needs to go
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Ez dut esan nahi unibertsitatera joan behar ez denik, baina mundu guztiak ez du joan behar,
09:19
and not everybody needs to go now.
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eta denek ez dute orain joan behar.
09:21
Maybe they go later, not right away.
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Agian beranduago joango dira, ez orain bertan.
09:23
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago
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Duela gutxi San Francisco-n izan nintzen
09:25
doing a book signing.
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liburuak sinatzen.
09:27
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
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Nire liburua erosi zuen 30 bat urteko tipo bat zegoen han.
09:29
And I said, "What do you do?"
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Eta galdetu nion " Zer egiten duzu?"
09:31
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
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Eta esan zidan " Suhiltzailea naiz."
09:34
And I said, "How long have you been a fireman?"
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Eta nik " Noiztik daramazu suhiltzailea izaten?"
09:36
He said, "Always. I've always been a fireman."
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Berak " Betidanik, beti izan naiz suhiltzailea".
09:38
And I said, "Well, when did you decide?"
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Eta galdetu nion " Tira, eta noiz hartu zenuen erabakia?"
09:40
He said, "As a kid." He said, "Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
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Esan zidan " Umea nintzela. Benetan, niretzako problema bat zen eskolan,
09:43
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
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zeren eskolan, denek suhiltzaile izan nahi zuten."
09:46
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
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Esan zidan, "Baina nik suhiltzaile izan nahi nuen."
09:49
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
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Eta esan zidan, "Bigarren Hezkuntzako azken urtean,
09:52
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
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nire irakasleek ez zuten nire nahia serioski hartzen.
09:55
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
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Konkretuki irakasle bati ez zitzaion serioa iruditu.
09:57
He said I was throwing my life away
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Nire bizitza alferrik galtzera nindoala esan zidan
09:59
if that's all I chose to do with it;
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bizitzan hori bakarrik egitea aukeratzen banuen,
10:01
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
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unibertsitatera joan beharko nukela eran zidan, profesional bat bihurtu,
10:04
that I had great potential
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potentzial handia bait nuen,
10:06
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
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eta aukera horrekin nire talentua alferrik galtzen ari nintzela esan zidan."
10:08
And he said, "It was humiliating because
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"Erabat lotsagarria izan zen
10:10
he said it in front of the whole class and I really felt dreadful.
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klase guztiaren aurrean esan bait zidan, eta benetan ikaratuta sentitu nintzen."
10:12
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
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Baina hori zen nahi nuena, eta eskola utzi bezain pronto,
10:14
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted."
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suhiltzaile izateko lan eskaera aurkeztu eta onartu ninduten."
10:17
And he said, "You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
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Eta esan zidan " Badakizu, tipo horrengan pentsatzen ari nintzen,
10:19
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,"
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duela pare bat minutu hizketan ari zinenean, irakasle hori etorri zait burura"
10:22
he said, "because six months ago,
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" zeren eta duela sei hilabete
10:24
I saved his life."
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bizitza salbatu nion"
10:26
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
10:28
He said, "He was in a car wreck,
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" Auto istripu batean degoen"
10:30
and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
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bertatik atera eta erreanimatu nuen,
10:33
and I saved his wife's life as well."
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eta bere emaztearen bizitza ere salbatu nuen"
10:36
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
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Esan zidan " Uste dut nitaz iritzi hobea duela orain"
10:38
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
10:40
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
10:46
You know, to me,
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Badakizue, niretzako
10:48
human communities depend upon
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giza komunitateek
10:50
a diversity of talent,
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talentu-aniztasunaren mende daude
10:52
not a singular conception of ability.
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ez abileziaren kontzeptu baten mende.
10:55
And at the heart of our challenges --
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Eta gure erronken muinean----
10:57
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
10:59
At the heart of the challenge
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Erronkaren muinean
11:01
is to reconstitute our sense of ability
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abilezia eta inteligentziaren zentzuak
11:03
and of intelligence.
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berriro eratzeko beharra dago.
11:05
This linearity thing is a problem.
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Linearitatea arazo bat da.
11:07
When I arrived in L.A.
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L.A.-ra iritsi nintzenean
11:09
about nine years ago,
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duela bederatzi bat urte,
11:11
I came across a policy statement --
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baieztapen hau topatu nuen,
11:14
very well-intentioned --
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intentzio onez betea,
11:16
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
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" Unibertsitatea haurtzaindegian hasten da", zioena.
11:21
No, it doesn't.
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Ez, ez da hor hasten.
11:23
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
11:26
It doesn't.
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Ez da hor hasten.
11:28
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
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Denbora izango bagenu, hortaz arituko nintzateke, baina ez daukagu
11:31
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
11:33
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
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Haurtzaindegia haurtzaindegian hasten da.
11:35
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
11:37
A friend of mine once said,
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Nire lagun batek zion bezela
11:39
"You know, a three year-old is not half a six year-old."
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" Badakizu, hiru urteko bat ez da sei urteko baten erdia"
11:42
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
11:44
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
11:49
They're three.
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Hiru urte dituzte.
11:51
But as we just heard in this last session,
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Baina azkenengo saioan entzun genuen bezala,
11:53
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
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hain lehia gogorra dago haurtzaindegira joateko,
11:56
to get to the right kindergarten --
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haurtzaindegi egokira joateko,
11:58
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
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hiru urteko umeak elkarrizketatzen ari direla.
12:03
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
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Umeak esertzen dituzte bere curriculum-ekin
12:05
you know, with their resumes,
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panel baten aurrean
12:07
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
12:10
flipping through and saying, "Well, this is it?"
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eta gainbegirada bat emanez esaten zaie "Tira, hau al da dena?"
12:12
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
12:14
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
12:17
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
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" 36 hilabete igaro dituzu hemendik, eta hau da guztia?"
12:20
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
12:27
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
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" Ez duzu ezer lortu, konprometi zaitez"
12:30
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, the way I can see it."
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"Iruditzen zait lehen sei hilabeteak bularra hartzen alferrik galdu dituzula."
12:33
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
12:38
See, it's outrageous as a conception, but it [unclear].
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Bai, arraroa da kontzeptu bezala, baina jendea erakartzen du.
12:41
The other big issue is conformity.
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Beste arazo larri bat konformismoa da.
12:43
We have built our education systems
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Gure hezkuntza sistemak
12:45
on the model of fast food.
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"fast food" ereduaren inguruan eraiki ditugu.
12:47
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
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Jamie Olivierrek hontaz hitzegin zuen aurreko egunean.
12:50
You know there are two models of quality assurance in catering.
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Catering kalitateari dagokionez, bi eredu daude.
12:52
One is fast food,
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Bata "fast-food"-arena
12:54
where everything is standardized.
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non dena estandarizatuta dagoen.
12:56
The other are things like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
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Eta bestea Zagat eta Michelin gidatan azaltzen diren jatetxeena.
12:58
where everything is not standardized,
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non dena estandarizatu gabekoa den,
13:00
they're customized to local circumstances.
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tokiko egoerari egokituta.
13:02
And we have sold ourselves into a fast food model of education,
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Eta gure burua "fast food" hezkuntza ereduari saldu diogu
13:05
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
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eta gure izpirituak eta energiak pobretzen ari da.
13:08
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
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fast food-ak gure gorputzak hondatzen dituen neurri berdinean
13:11
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
13:17
I think we have to recognize a couple of things here.
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Uste dut pare bat gauza onartu beharrean gaudela
13:19
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
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Bata da giza talentua oso anitza dela.
13:22
People have very different aptitudes.
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Pertsonek oso gaitasun ezberdinak dituzte.
13:24
I worked out recently that
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Aurrekoan kalkultzen egon nintzen
13:26
I was given a guitar as a kid
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haurra nintzela gitarra bat eman zidatela
13:28
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
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gutxigora behera Eric Clapton-i eman zioten garai berdinean.
13:32
You know, it worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
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Badakizue, Eric-en kasuan asmatu zuten, hori da esaten ari naizena.
13:35
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
13:37
In a way, it did not for me.
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Nere kasuan ez zen hala izan.
13:39
I could not get this thing to work
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Tramankulu horri ezin nion ezer atera,
13:42
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
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ez zion inporta zein gogor saiatzen nintzen,
13:44
(Laughter) It just wouldn't work.
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ezin ezer onik atera.
13:49
But it's not only about that.
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Baina ez da hori bakarrik.
13:51
It's about passion.
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Pasioari buruz ari gara.
13:53
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
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Sarri, jendea ona da benetan inporta ez zaizkion gauzatan.
13:55
It's about passion,
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Pasioa da gakoa,
13:57
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
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zerk iratzartzen duen gure izpiritua eta gure energia.
14:00
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
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Eta maite duzuna egiten baduzu, eta ona zaren hortan badiharduzu,
14:03
time takes a different course entirely.
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denborak norabide erabat desberdina hartzen du.
14:06
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
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Nire emazteak nobela bat idatzi du, oraintxe amaitu du,
14:09
and I think it's a great book,
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eta uste dut oso liburu ona dela,
14:11
but she disappears for hours on end.
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baina desagertu egiten da, eta amaigabeko orduak pasatzen ditu.
14:14
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
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Badakizue, maite duzun zerbaitetan ari zarenean,
14:16
an hour feels like five minutes.
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ordu bat bost minutu balira bezela iragaten da.
14:19
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
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Zure izprituan oihartzunik ez duen zerbaitetan ari zarenean,
14:21
five minutes feels like an hour.
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bost minutu ordubete balitz bezala sentitzen duzu.
14:23
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
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Eta hainbeste jendek hezkuntzatik at egitea erabakitzen du
14:26
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
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ez duelako bere izpiritua elikatzen,
14:28
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
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ez beraien energia edo pasioa elikatzen.
14:31
So I think we have to change metaphors.
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Beraz, uste dut metaforak aldatu beharra daukagula.
14:34
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
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Funtsean industriala den hezkuntza eredu batetik,
14:37
a manufacturing model,
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manufaktura-eredutik,
14:39
which is based on linearity
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linearitatean, konformitatean
14:41
and conformity and batching people.
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eta jendea loteka prozesatzean oinarritua den eredutik
14:44
We have to move to a model
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Nekazaritzaren printzipiotan oinarritutako
14:46
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
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eredu baterantz mugitu behar dugu.
14:49
We have to recognize that human flourishing
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Onartu behar dugu giza-loratzea
14:52
is not a mechanical process;
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ez dela prozesu mekaniko bat,
14:54
it's an organic process.
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prozesu organiko bat dela.
14:56
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
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Eta ezin duzu giza-garapenaren emaitza zein izango den aurresan,
14:59
All you can do, like a farmer,
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egin dezakezun guztia, nekazarien moduan,
15:01
is create the conditions under which
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loraldia hasteko beharrezkoak diren
15:03
they will begin to flourish.
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baldintzak sortzea da.
15:05
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
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Beraz, hezkuntza erreformatu eta eraldatzeaz ari garenean,
15:08
it isn't like cloning a system.
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ez da sistema bat klonatzea bezala.
15:11
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
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Oso sistema onak daude, adibidez KIPP.
15:13
There are many great models.
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Eredu on asko dago.
15:15
It's about customizing to your circumstances
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Hezkuntza jasotzen dutenen egoeraren neurrira
15:18
and personalizing education
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egokitu eta pertsonalizatu
15:20
to the people you're actually teaching.
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behar dugu hezkuntza bera.
15:22
And doing that, I think,
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Eta hau egitea da, nire ustez
15:24
is the answer to the future
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etorkizunerako erantzuna
15:26
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
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gakoa ez delako konponbide berri bat zabaltzea;
15:29
it's about creating a movement in education
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baizik eta hezkuntzan mugimendu bat sortzea
15:31
in which people develop their own solutions,
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non bakoitzak bere konponbideak garatuko dituen,
15:34
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
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baina pertsonalizatutako curriculum batetan oinarritutako kanpo-laguntzarekin.
15:37
Now in this room,
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Orain, gela hontan,
15:39
there are people who represent
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negozio munduan baliabide izugarriak
15:41
extraordinary resources in business,
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ordezten dituzten pertsonak daude,
15:43
in multimedia, in the Internet.
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multimedia arloan, interneten.
15:45
These technologies,
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Teknologia hauek,
15:47
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
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irakasleen talentu apartarekin konbinaketan,
15:50
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
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irakaskuntza iraultzeko aukera ematen digute.
15:53
And I urge you to get involved in it
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Eta hortara konprometi zaitezten eskatzen dizuet
15:55
because it's vital, not just to ourselves,
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funtsezkoa delako, ez guretzako soilik,
15:57
but to the future of our children.
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baita gure haurren etorkizunerako ere.
15:59
But we have to change from the industrial model
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baina aldatu beharra daukagu, industri-eredu batetik
16:01
to an agricultural model,
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nekazal eredu batetara,
16:03
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
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non eskola bakoitzak etorkizunean loratzeko ahalmena izango duen.
16:06
That's where children experience life.
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Hor ezagutzen bait dute haurrek bizitza.
16:08
Or at home, if that's where they choose to be educated
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Edo etxean, hor hezten badituzte
16:10
with their families or their friends.
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beraien familia eta lagunekin.
16:12
There's been a lot of talk about dreams
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Ametsei buruz asko hitzegin da
16:14
over the course of this few days.
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azken egun hauetan.
16:17
And I wanted to just very quickly ...
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Eta nahi nuke era azkarrean---
16:19
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
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Asko impresionatu ninduten bart gaueko Natalie Merchant-en abestiek,
16:22
recovering old poems.
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poema zaharrak berreskuratuz.
16:24
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
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Olerki labur bat irakurri nahi nizueke,
16:26
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
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W.B. Yeats-ek idatzia, zuetako askok ezaguruko duzue.
16:29
He wrote this to his love,
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Bere maiteari idatzi zion,
16:31
Maud Gonne,
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Maud Gonne-i
16:33
and he was bewailing the fact that
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Atsekabetuta zegoen, uste zuelako
16:36
he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
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ezin ziola bere maiteari hark nahi zuena eman,
16:39
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
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Eta esaten du, "Badut beste zerbait, baina agian ez duzu nahiko"
16:42
He says this:
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Hauxe dio:
16:44
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
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"Zeruaren oihal bordatuak banitu
16:47
Enwrought with gold
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urrez eta zilarrezko
16:49
and silver light,
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argiz apainduak.
16:51
The blue and the dim
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Urdina eta lausoa
16:53
and the dark cloths
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eta gauaren oihal ilunak,
16:55
Of night and light and the half-light,
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eta argia eta argi ahula,
16:58
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
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oihalak zure oinetara zabalduko nituzke;
17:01
But I, being poor,
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Baina nik, pobre naizenez,
17:04
have only my dreams;
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nire ametsak besterik ez ditut;
17:07
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
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Nire ametsak zure oinetara zabaldu ditut,
17:10
Tread softly
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Poliki zapaldu
17:12
because you tread on my dreams."
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nire ametsak zapaltzen ari bait zara."
17:15
And every day, everywhere,
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Eta egunero, toki guztietan,
17:18
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
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gure haurrek bere ametsak gure oinetara zabaltzen dituzte.
17:21
And we should tread softly.
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Eta poliki zapaldu beharko genuke.
17:24
Thank you.
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Eskerrikasko
17:26
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
17:43
Thank you very much.
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Mila esker.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com